THE ALL-WEATHER WALKING PLASTER

ABSTRACT: This article describes the application of an all-weather walking plaster designed specifically to meet the needs of rural patients. It outlines the advantages of this method over traditional plaster applications.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛在骨科下肢手术中的应用

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对不同年龄骨科下肢手术患者的镇痛效果。方法选择在该院接受治疗的骨科下肢择期手术患者80例为研究对象,根据年龄分为A组与B组,再按帕瑞昔布钠使用时间进一步分为A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3组,A1、B1组：术前30 min给予40 mg帕瑞昔布钠静脉推注;A2、B2组：手术结束后给予40 mg帕瑞昔布钠静脉推注;A3、B3组：在术前、术后均不使用帕瑞昔布钠,观察两组的疼痛程度（VAS评分）、镇静深度（RSS评分）等。结果使用帕瑞昔布钠比未使用帕瑞昔布钠的术后VAS评分要低;帕瑞昔布钠使用总量比较A1组0.05）。结论在骨科下肢手术中利用帕瑞昔布钠镇痛,具有良好的临床效果,对于成年、老年患者,超前使用帕瑞昔布钠镇痛效果更佳。     

The role of a lack of social integration in never having undergone breast cancer screening: Results from a population-based,representative survey in the Paris metropolitan area in 2010

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the association between social contact and social support and women's breast cancer screening (BCS) practices, taking their socioeconomic status (SES) into account.

Methods

The SIRS survey was conducted in 2010 in the Paris metropolitan area among a representative sample of 3000 French-speaking adults. For the 784 women aged 50 years or older with no history of breast cancer, multivariate logistic regressions and bootstrap methods were used to analyze the factors associated with never having undergone BCS.

Results

6.5% of these women had never undergone BCS. In multivariate analysis, being older, having a low education level, having poor-quality health insurance, and having one or less than one social contact per 3-day period were significantly associated with never having undergone BCS during their lifetime, but the level of social support was not. The strength of the association with a low frequency of social contact tended to increase with age.

Conclusion

This study analyzed the role of social contact in social inequalities in BCS practices in the Paris metropolitan area. Like SES, social integration and social isolation should be taken into consideration by public health professionals and practitioners when planning BCS programs and incentives.     

Programme alignment in higher‐level planning processes: a four‐country case‐study for Sexual and Reproductive Health

With international development assistance focussed on poverty reduction, national and sector‐wide planning processes have become increasingly important in setting agendas. Sector‐Wide Approaches (SWAps), Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), and other higher level planning processes, including Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reporting, have required new levels of engagement in national and sectoral planning processes. For Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), this has had mixed consequences, despite raising the profile of SRH in national planning agendas, and emphasizing the potential of SRH to contribute to the reduction of poverty. Drawing on case‐study research from four countries, this paper analyzes alignment of SRH policy with higher‐level planning processes. It found that SRH managers are rarely engaged in higher‐level planning processes, and while SRH features prominently in the [health] sections of PRSPs, it is not reflected in other sections, and does not necessarily correspond to more resources. Despite these limitations, these planning processes offer synergies that could improve the contribution of SRH to health sector development and poverty reduction. The paper recommends that local donor organizations, including key UN agencies, offer greater support for SRH programme managers in promoting the pro‐poor and systems‐wide strengths of SRH programmes to planners and policy makers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Designing Nutritionally Adequate and Climate-Friendly Diets for Omnivorous,Pescatarian, Vegetarian and Vegan Adolescents in Sweden Using Linear Optimization

Low-carbon diets can counteract climate change and promote health if they are nutritionally adequate, affordable and culturally acceptable. This study aimed at developing sustainable diets and to compare these with the EAT-Lancet diet. The Swedish national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017 was used as the baseline. Diets were optimized using linear programming for four dietary patterns: omnivores, pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans. The deviation from the baseline Riksmaten diet was minimized for all optimized diets while fulfilling nutrient and climate footprint constraints. Constraining the diet-related carbon dioxide equivalents of omnivores to 1.57 kg/day resulted in a diet associated with a reduction of meat, dairy products, and processed foods and an increase in potatoes, pulses, eggs and seafood. Climate-friendly, nutritionally adequate diets for pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans contained fewer foods and included considerable amounts of fortified dairy and meat substitutes. The optimized diets did not align very well with the food-group pattern of the EAT-Lancet diet. These findings suggest how to design future diets that are climate-friendly, nutritionally adequate, affordable, and culturally acceptable for Swedish adolescents with different dietary patterns. The discrepancies with the EAT diet indicate that the cultural dietary context is likely to play an important role in characterizing sustainable diets for specific populations.     

Effects of sulfur dioxide on resistance to bacterial infection in mice

Continuous exposure to approximately a 10-ppm concentration of sulfur dioxide for periods of up to 3 weeks reduced the resistance of female mice to infection by aerosol inoculation with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The mortality rate rose and survival time shortened in SO₂-exposed animals compared to controls. Insofar as these results can be extrapolated to humans, the SO₂ concentration used in this work is only found on certain industrial premises.     

Vagotomy abolishes the differential palatability of food

The magnitude of preabsorptive insulin release varies as a function of palatability. This suggests that the palatability-dependent rise in plasma insulin could accentuate the systemic stimulus to eat, which in turn could modulate the size of the meal. The present experiment was designed to test this hypothesis by investigating the ingestive responses of vagotomized rats, which no longer exhibit preabsorptive insulin release, when they are offered nutritionally identical diets differing only in their sensory characteristics. The presented foods were three forms of the rat's regular diet: unaltered, sweetened with sodium cyclamate or adulterated with quinine hydrochloride. It was shown that vagotomized rats ate exactly the same amount of the three diets in three different test-meals: without cephalic insulin release, meal size no longer seems to be modulated by oral cues.     

Effect of long-term insulin on body weight and food intake: intravenous versus intraperitoneal routes

The effects of continuous intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of regular insulin on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were examined. When rats were infused i.v. with insulin at 0.2 IU/h for 14 days, BW increased until the 10th day and then plateaued, whereas FI was augmented until the end of treatment. The 24-h hyperphagia was mainly due to a diurnal increase in FI--resulting mainly from a large augmentation in meal number, with unchanged meal size. Nocturnal meal number increased and meal size decreased so that nocturnal FI was not affected. At the cessation of infusion, rats became hypophagic and lost weight. Another group of animals, infused with a lower dose (0.1 IU/h), showed that the increases in BW and FI were dose-dependent. Insulin infused (0.2 IU/h) for 14 days via an i.p. catheter increased FI and BW. The 24-h increase in FI was again mainly due to an enhanced diurnal intake, but at the cessation of insulin infusion rats did not lose BW. In rats infused with insulin at 0.1 IU/h for 14 days, BW and FI did not increase. In rats infused via an implanted minipump with insulin at 0.1 IU/h for 7 days, however, BW increased significantly over controls for the first 3 days, without any significant change in FI, the discrepancy between results observed here and other results is discussed, these effects suggest a relative ineffectiveness of the i.p. route compared to i.v.     

Bacterial chondritis complications following ear piercing

Background

Body piercing has become widespread and is associated with increased complications. Post-piercing chondritis may lead to severe residual deformity. We aimed to report case patients presenting with post-piercing chondritis in our department and to describe clinical features and treatment.