老年先天性膈疝并肺膨胀不全1例

1病历资料患者女性,55岁,咳嗽月余,伴低热,痰少,无咯血。查体:神志清楚,头颅无畸形,颈软,心率72次/min,腹部无压痛。既往健康,否认传染病和家族遗传病病史,偶有胸闷,气喘,能正常工作、生活。听诊:双上肺呼吸音粗,左下肺呼吸音减弱,心脏各瓣膜区无杂音,肠鸣音正常存在。X线检查:左侧第3前肋下被致密影掩盖,其内见不规则透亮区,上缘呈弧形,左心缘及左膈显示不清,气管、心影稍右移,右肺未见异常实变,心影右膈无特殊,所示肋骨未见明显骨折征象。透视下旋转体位,左侧胸致密影位于左侧胸后外侧。CT检查:左肺体积缩小,左下肺膨胀不全,左膈面上抬,腹腔肠管、脂肪上移,右肺未见明显异常密度,两肺门不大,双侧A未见胸腔积液征象。术中所见:膈肌裂口长约15cm,见横结肠、小肠、大网膜疝入左胸腔,进入胸腔的腹腔脏器明显粘连,左下肺完全不张,左肺未见明显实变。术后复查:右下肺可见一横行条索状致密影,右侧膈面毛糙,右膈上外带可见斑片状致密影,左下肺被高密度影覆盖,上缘不规则,横膈显示不清。2讨论先天性膈疝多见于婴幼儿,发生于成人者少见。好发于食管裂孔、胸腹膜裂孔(腰肋三角区裂孔)、胸骨旁裂孔(胸肋三角区裂孔)等处。胸腹膜裂孔疝大都发...     

结肠憩室疝入胸腹膜裂孔1例

1临床资料患者男,67岁,左侧颈部包块半个月余。在镇卫生院穿刺检查鳞状细胞癌可疑,遂来我院就诊。查体:左颈部包块直径约3cm,表皮不红肿,边缘较清晰,质软。心肺无异常。腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及。胸部平片(图1):左下肺野膈上外1/3处见一1.5cm×3.0cm的透亮影,上缘壁完整,厚约1.0cm,肋膈角变钝,膈面稍平直,结合透视用不同体位检查,发现该透亮影可①图1胸片见左下肺野外1/3处一1.5cm×3.0cm透亮影随体位改变。肠道清洁处理后行结肠造影检查(图2):结肠脾区外侧见一1.8cm×2.0cm憩室向膈上疝入胸腔内。X线诊断:结肠憩室疝入胸腹膜裂孔。遂行胸腹…     

小儿原发性肺纤维肉瘤1例

1　病例介绍患者 :女 ,4岁。因左侧胸刺痛 1周 ,伴发热加重 2ｄ ,于 2 0 0 1- 0 3- 2 4入院。体检 :左下肺呼吸音弱 ,语颤增强。左肺部肿块穿刺细胞学检查疑为恶性肿瘤。Ｘ线检查 :后前位胸片示左下肺中内带见类圆形块影 ,约为 4 8ｍｍ× 5 4ｍｍ ,其外缘较清楚 ,内缘与心影重叠 ,轮廓不清 ,尤以左侧位为著。左膈顶影略上移。心影无增大 ,右肺野无实变影。ＣＴ检查 :左下肺野显示边缘光整的圆形高密度影 ,ＣＴ值31ＨＵ ,最大径为 4 6ｍｍ× 5 1ｍｍ ,位于心影后方 ,与心影分界欠清楚 ,且与背侧胸壁相连。肺门及纵隔内未见淋巴结肿大影。手术…     

乳糜胸1例报告

患男 ,2月 ,以活动后呼吸困难 ,口周发绀 ,伴咳嗽 1月入院。查体 :T3 6.7℃ ,P1 40次 /min,R40次 /min,体重4kg,精神差 ,浅表淋巴结不大 ,呼吸促 ,三凹征明显。气管左移 ,右胸饱满 ,右侧呼吸动度减弱 ,右肺下部叩浊 ,呼吸音低。左肺呼吸音粗 ,心音有力、律齐、无杂音、腹软 ,肝脾不大 ,肠鸣音正常。胸部 X线片示 :右肺下野密度增高 ,右肺门增大 ,肋膈角不清 ,心影左移。左肺清晰 ,肋膈角锐利提示 :右侧胸腔积液。B超检查 :可见右侧胸腔 3 .0 cm的液性暗区 ,左侧胸腔正常。提示 :右侧胸腔积液。心电图示 :窦性心动过速 ,电轴左偏 ,频发房早…     

左侧创伤性隔疝合并胃破裂误诊一例分析

患者，男，38岁。胸腹联合伤3天入院。于3天前驾驶摩托车摔伤，左胸痛，呼吸困难。在当地医院胸透见左下胸腔一液平面，诊断“左第5、6肋骨骨折，左侧血气胸”。有胸腔闭式引流术，未排出气、液体，病情渐重，并全腹疼痛来我院。查体左胸部第4前肋以下叩鼓音，呼吸音消失，可闻及历鸣音。胸片示左下肺野见二个液平面。诊断左侧创伤性膈疝，经腹腔手术。术中见左膈肌自食管裂孔处向左侧破裂16cm、胃、横结肠及部分大网膜脱入胸腔，胃前壁被肋胃骨折断端刺破约1．0×0．8cm，有消化液及食物残渣溢出。研胃修补，膈疝修补。术后17天痊愈出院。…     

胃复安致食管破裂一例

1病例介绍患者男50岁,有胃炎胃溃疡病史,服用雷尼替丁治疗。因上腹部隐痛伴反酸嗳气1周就诊,偶有恶心呕吐。予胃复安20mg肌肉注射,约1min后出现呕吐随后突感胸背部剧痛并晕倒在地。胸片:两肺纹理增多,模糊,左下肺见斑片状密度增高影,左下肺近脊柱旁见局限性液平,两侧肋膈角锐利,胸部CT:左侧液气胸,左下肺感染。2d后胸片:左侧大量胸腔积液伴左侧气胸。行左胸腔闭式引流引出大量褐色胸水,与胃管中胃液性状相同。胸水涂片见大量霉菌。胸水蛋白()。发病后5d食管泛影葡胺造影:下胸段食管破裂并左侧食管胸膜瘘(图1)。发病后11d手术,见左侧胸腔大…     

迟发创伤性膈疝并发肠绞窄1例

<正> 患男,37岁。因左上腹痛10h伴呕吐5～6次,无排便排气24h,于1996年1月17日急诊入院。入院后出现胸闷、气急,左侧胸痛。体检呈急性病容,呼吸急促,T38C,P140次/min,BP16/10kPa,听诊左肺呼吸音降低,腹平软,左上腹轻压痛,肝脾未扪及,肠鸣音弱。查血WBC29.4×10~9/L,中性0.95。肝肾功能正常。胸片显示左下胸部呈一片模糊致密影,左膈面看不清,阴影中间有宽5cm大液平面,光整(图1、2)。腹部平片仅见左侧腹部有轻度肠段扩张。入院12h后病人气急加重,不能平卧。复查胸片见左胸大片致密影上升到第二前肋,心影纵隔明显右移,呈左胸腔大量积液的     

慢性闭合性创伤性膈疝的早期诊断及治疗(附2例报告)

膈疝是腹腔内或腹膜后脏器通过膈肌裂孔或膈肌薄弱部位疝入胸腔形成 ,在临床上相对少见 ,目前误诊率较高。尤其慢性闭合性创伤性膈疝 ,病程较长 ,症状体征各异 ,Ｘ线征象不典型 ,诊断比较困难。我们于 2 0 0 1年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月收治创伤性膈疝 2例 ,现就其临床及文献资料进行分析。1　临床资料例 1 ,男性 ,2 2岁。因饮食不当后突发持续性脐周疼痛伴呕吐、胸闷 2ｄ ,无胸痛、心悸、咳嗽、畏寒、黑便。来我院门诊胸透检查 ,报告为左下肺感染 ,左侧胸膜粘连 ,左侧少量胸腔积液。中腹呈肠管胀气 ,未见液平。以左侧胸膜炎及腹痛待查住院。既…     

巨大先天性膈疝修补术1例

<正> 患女,15岁,足月顺产,生长发育正常。无心慌、气急、呼吸困难等症状。在剧烈活动后有气急,偶有上腹部疼痛。入院前呕吐频繁,上腹部痛。当地医院以腹痛待查收住院治疗,腹痛缓解后行吞钡胃肠造影发现左侧膈疝。 体检:胸廓狭长,肋间隙增宽,左胸廓呼吸运动比右侧弱,叩诊浊音,听诊呼吸音消失,可闻及肠鸣音。心界向右移位。舟状腹,左下腹可扪及15cm×1cm之肿块(系脾脏),活动度大,有轻度压痛。X线检查:左胸内见肠管影,胃翻转于胸腔内,左肺显示不清,右肺透光度增强。 诊断为左侧巨大型膈疝。于1988年4月     

3例外伤性膈疝的X线诊断

例1,女性,30岁。在外院因“左侧液气胸”抗痨治疗两年余,曾胸穿抽液。首诊胸片左胸下部外侧见一5cm×7cm似包裹性液气囊腔,左膈外段及肋膈角消失,上腹未见胃泡影。疑为膈疝,服钡卧位证实胃腔充盈占据左胸腔大部,纵隔右栘肺什∈?2年前胸腹部曾被土方压伤。X线报告:左侧外伤性膈疝。例2,男性,32岁。塌方压伤胸腹部12 h急诊摄片,见左     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

The Targeted Pro-apoptotic Effect of scFv-mediated Delivery of Caspase-6 on HER2-positive Osteosarcoma Cells

Objective To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of scFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein on osteosarcoma E 10 cells. Methods The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （Her-2） in osteosarcoma cell line E10 was examined by flow cytometry analysis. ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 was generated by sequential fusion of the genes of a signal peptide, a single-chain Her-2 antibody （e23sFv）, a PEA translocation domain （PEA aa253-264）, and an recombinant caspase-6. The pCMV-immunocaspase-6 was produced by cloning above mentioned fusion genes into pCMV plasmid, and then pCMV-immunocaspase-6 plasmid mixed cationic liposome was transfected into E10 cells. The expression of fusion gene on transfected E10 cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining, The pro-apoptotic effects of fusion gene expression on morphology and growth status of E10 cells were observed by trypan blue cell staining, electron microscopy and MTT assay. Results The fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected E10 cells. These cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis as detected by electron microscopy. MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of transfected E10 cells was suppressed than that of non- or mock-transfected cells （P〈0.01）. Conclusion ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein can induce apoptosis of Her-2 positive osteosarcoma E10 cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy for the treatment of human high-grade osteosarcoma.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.