髁上截骨治疗儿童肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻畸形疗效观察

目的：探讨儿童肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻手术治疗方法。方法：收治陈旧肱骨外髁骨折骨不连并肘外翻11例,其中3例伴有迟发性尺神经炎,全部采用肱骨髁上截骨矫正肘外翻畸形,骨不连未作处理。结果：10例平均术后随访28个月,按HSS评分系统进行肘关节功能评定。优良率达到90％。结论：肱骨髁上截骨治疗肱骨外髁陈旧骨折合并肘外翻畸形是一种可行方法。     

肱骨外髁陈旧骨折肘外翻尺神经炎的手术治疗

目的探讨成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻、尺神经炎的手术治疗方法。方法收治成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折并肘外翻、尺神经炎16例,均伴有肱骨外髁骨不连,全部采用肱骨髁上截骨、尺神经前移手术治疗,骨不连未作处理。结果16例平均术后随访28个月,尺神经炎按Amadio疗效评定标准,优良率87．5％;按HSS评分系统进行肘关节功能评定．优良率92％。结论肱骨髁上截骨、尺神经前移是治疗成人肱骨外髁陈旧骨折合并肘外翻畸形、尺神经炎一种可行方法。     

陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的手术治疗观察

目的探讨陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的手术方法和治疗效果。方法2003年6月～2006年6月,收治儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折13例,男8例,女5例;年龄4～17岁,平均10岁。其中畸形愈合8例,均有肘关节活动受限,平均活动范围20～100°;骨不连伴肘外翻畸形5例,外翻畸形角度28～55°,平均44.2°,术前肘关节活动基本正常。受伤至手术治疗时间1个月～10年。8例畸形愈合者行切开复位内固定;5例骨不连并肘外翻畸形者行在内侧柱髁上楔形短缩截骨和外侧柱重建术。结果13例术后随访8个月～2年4个月,平均16个月,均获骨折愈合,平均愈合时间6周。8例畸形愈合者肘关节活动度改善了30～60°,平均36°。5例骨不连并肘外翻畸形者肘外翻畸形平均改善40.2°。根据Jupiter等评分系统评价肘关节功能,优9例,良2例,可2例。1例术后出现桡神经牵拉损伤表现,3个月后完全恢复,无其他并发症。结论对于儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折,积极的手术治疗能有效恢复肘关节外观和功能。     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的治疗

目的探讨儿童肱骨外髁骨折治疗的注意事项及对陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折治疗的经验。方法1997年1月～2002年2月，收治儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折13例。其中男11例，女2例；年龄4～11岁，平均7．2岁。3例有明显肘外翻畸形。初期诊断Ⅰ度骨折4例，Ⅱ度骨折5例，诊断不明确或漏诊4例。伸肘障碍13例，受限30～70°，屈肘〉90°；疼痛2例；肘外翻1例；X线片示骨折不愈合10例，畸形愈合3例。12例患儿损伤至手术时间为32～81d，平均56d，行切开复位加钢针内固定术；另1例患儿为受伤后6个月就诊，行切开复位加钢针内固定和植骨术。结果13例均获随访3～8年，平均5．4年。无肘内翻或外翻畸形，5例有外髁部轻度突起畸形。肘部屈伸活动度改善40～70°，平均56°（包括术前屈肘受限），前臂旋转活动好。X线片示术后6-8周骨折愈合，基本恢复关节平面；无骨不连或骨延迟愈合，无无菌性坏死发生。结论肱骨外髁骨折治疗重点在于早诊断、早治疗，避免发生陈旧性骨折。对于陈旧性骨折，尽早手术能有效修复重建肘关节外观和功能。     

儿童肱骨外髁骨折后遗畸形的手术及康复治疗

[目的]探讨儿童肱骨外髁骨折后遗畸形如严重肘外翻、骨不连等的原因及其防治和康复,提高对儿童肱骨外髁骨折的认识。[方法]回顾性总结分析本院2001～2006年间27例肱骨外髁骨折后骨不连、肘外翻畸形的病例,其中男19例,女8例;右侧16例,左侧11例;受伤年龄2～10岁,平均5.6岁;手术年龄5～14岁,平均9岁;受伤至手术时间最短8个月,最长10年,平均2.8年。根据不同情况,共采用3种术式,其中直接行骨折块原位内固定7例,切开复位、髂骨取骨植骨内固定11例,肱骨远端内翻楔形截骨矫形9例。[结果]获得2年以上随访14例,6个月～2年,13例。所有病例均在术后8～16周形成骨愈合,肘部畸形得到不同程度的矫正,肘关节功能得到不同程度恢复,疗效较满意。根据肘部外形、活动功能和并发症分为优、良、差3个等级,其中优13例,良11例,差3例,总优良率为88.9%。术后无骨坏死、创伤性关节炎及骨化性肌炎的发生。[结论]对儿童肱骨外髁骨折认识不足,治疗不及时或治疗方案选择不恰当,是导致骨不连和儿童肱骨外髁骨折后遗畸形如严重肘外翻、骨不连等的主要因素,后遗畸形导致功能障碍,恢复较困难。针对不同的情况早期采取相应的手术方式,辅以多种功能锻炼,能有效改善肘关节的外观和功能。     

肱骨外髁骨折骨不连三联征的分期治疗

[目的]探讨肱骨外髁骨折后继发骨不连合并肘外翻、尺神经炎三联征的分期手术治疗方法。[方法]收治肱骨外髁骨折后骨不连20例,均伴有肘外翻、尺神经炎,全部采用一期尺神经前移、骨不连融合内固定手术、二期肱骨远端截骨矫形手术治疗。[结果]20例平均术后随访25个月,治疗前后尺神经炎按一般疗效评定标准,优良率83.3%;肘关节功能按HSS评分系统进行评定,优良率95%,按Ewald scoring system疗效评定标准优良率90%。肘外翻角度由术前的平均31.7°±8.3°减少到术后的11.8°±2.7°(P0.001)。[结论]肱骨外髁骨不连、肘外翻、尺神经炎可看做肱骨外髁骨折后发生的三联征,该三联征的分期治疗是一种可行、有效的方法。     

手术治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折14例

目的:探讨儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的治疗方法并总结经验。方法:2012年1月至2014年1月收治儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折14例,均行手术治疗。其中男10例,女4例;年龄2~12岁,平均5.8岁。初步诊断均为MilchⅡ型骨折,其中失治误治11例,保守治疗后骨折移位不愈合3例。轻度肘外翻畸形2例;伸肘障碍10例,受限15°~60°;活动时有疼痛6例。14例患儿损伤至手术时间32~176 d,平均62 d,均行切开复位克氏针内固定术。根据改良An-Morrey肘关节功能评分评价肘关节功能。结果:14例均获随访,时间1~3年,平均1.8年。无骨折不愈合、畸形愈合、骨骺无菌性坏死、肘内翻或外翻畸形发生,5例有外髁部轻度突起畸形,3例仍有轻度伸直受限。X线片示术后4~8周骨痂生长,关节平面基本恢复,5例有骨刺形成,3例出现骨骺早闭迹象,肱骨外髁增大2例,出现鱼尾样畸形2例。改良An-Morrey肘关节功能评分平均95.2±3.6,优13例,良1例。结论:对于陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折,手术能有效恢复肘关节外观和功能,近期疗效满意,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

髁上截骨和外侧柱重建术治疗肱骨外髁骨折不连伴肘外翻畸形

目的 总结青少年肱骨外髁骨折后骨不连伴肘外翻畸形的手术方法 和治疗效果. 方法 2004年6月-2006年lO月,收治肱骨外髁骨折后骨不连伴肘外翻畸形5例.其中男3例,女2例;年龄8～17岁.曾于外院行外固定2～3周3例,误诊为软组织损伤2例.外伤后4～12年发现骨折不连伴肘外翻畸形就诊.术前肘外翻角25～55°,平均44.8°;肘关节活动范围为屈135～140°,平均139°;伸0～20°,平均70°1例伴尺神经炎表现,确诊为尺神经不全损伤.入院至手术时间3～7 d.均行髁上内翻楔形短缩截骨和外侧柱重建内固定术治疗.术后定期随访,按Jupiter等肘关节评分系统评价肘关节功能. 结果 5例术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合;均获随访,随访时间14～28个月,平均20个月.X线片示5例骨折均达骨性愈合,其中髁上内翻楔形短缩截骨区愈合时间为术后5～8周,平均6周;外侧柱重建区为术后3～6个月.肘外翻畸形均矫正,末次随访时肘外翻角-5～10°,平均2°;肘关节屈曲100～135°,平均121.;伸直0～30°,平均13°.根据Jupiter等评分系统评价肘关节功能,优2例,良2例,可1例.1例术后出现桡神经牵拉损伤表现,3个月时自行恢复;1例原有尺神经炎表现者,术后6个月症状消失;无其他并发症. 结论 髁上内翻楔形短缩截骨和外侧柱重建内固定术治疗青少年肱骨外髁骨折后骨不连伴肘外翻畸形可获得满意效果.     

陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的治疗体会

有移位的陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折,如得不到正确处理可出现许多并发症,如骨不连、肱骨远端鱼尾状改变,肱骨外髁发育不良并发肘外翻,肘关节功能障碍等。我院3年手术78例,功能恢复正常者59例,改善12例,总有效率为91％。     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的手术治疗

本文报告手术治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折４４例，其中行开放复位内固定术４２例，肱骨髁上截骨术２例。随访３～３４年，平均１０．６年，优良率为４３．２％。并发骨不愈合３例，肱骨外髁缺血性坏死５例，肘内翻４例，肘外翻１５例，尺神经炎１２例。骨折时间越长，功能恢复越差，并发症越多。主张尽早手术解剖复位以提高疗效。陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折块有明显移位，关节活动明显受限者应积极手术复位，改善功能。开放复位术中应尽可能保留伸肌腱的附丽，以免发生骨不连、骨缺血坏死、影响骨骺发育和关节软骨变性坏死。     

肱骨外髁骨折骨不连并肘内翻畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨肱骨外髁骨折并肘内翻畸形的矫正及内固定方法。方法 骨折复位髁上楔形截骨手术治疗。结果 平均随访8个月，骨不连及肘内翻同时得到矫正，本组5例，优4例，良1例，优良率100％。结论 该手术方法操作简单、确切有效，是一种较好的治疗方法。     

Three weeks of Kirschner wire fixation for displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children

The authors assessed whether a period of 3 weeks, rather than the commonly used 6 weeks, of smooth Kirschner wire fixation and cast immobilization of the elbow was sufficient to achieve union of displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle treated by open reduction. The authors found only one nonunion in a case series of 104 children treated with 3 weeks of fixation. Infections occurred in two children (2%). Late review of 63 children (61%) showed abnormalities of elbow shape in 28 (44%) and wide surgical scars in 43 (68%). The abnormalities of elbow shape were mainly due to overgrowth of the lateral humeral condyle, to the formation of excessive amounts of bone over the outer surface of the condyle, or both. The authors' findings indicate that a period of 3 weeks of smooth Kirschner wire fixation and elbow immobilization is sufficient to achieve healing in most displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle treated by open reduction. The findings also indicate that new strategies are needed to reduce the occurrence of overgrowth of the lateral condyle, excessive formation of bone over the condyle, and wide scars.     

Isometric measurement of wrist-extensor power following surgical treatment of displaced lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children

Muscle disability is a common sequel after fracture management. Previous research has shown divergent results concerning muscle-power recovery after bone healing. This study has investigated the muscle function of wrist extensors after lateral condylar fracture in children, as evaluated by a hand-held dynamometer and compared with sex- and age-matched children. From 1999 to 2004, 20 patients (13 boys and seven girls; mean age: 9 years and 4 months) with displaced lateral condylar fracture of the humerus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wire). The duration of K-wire fixation was 35 days and the mean follow-up time was 50 months. A total of 180 healthy age-, sex- and weight-matched children were used as control groups. A paired Student's test was applied for the analysis of statistical significance. The range of motion of the elbow and radiographic findings were not significantly different between the injured limb and normal control groups. The maximum isometric power of wrist-extensor muscles after surgical treatment of lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in final follow-up was not statistically different from that in the normal control children. Muscle power therefore recovers to its normal status after the healing of lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children.     

Internal oblique radiographs for diagnosis of nondisplaced or minimally displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children

BACKGROUND: Several radiographic criteria based on only standard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs have been suggested for predicting the stability of lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children. Despite adherence to these guidelines, further displacement often occurs after the initial diagnosis and stability assessment. The purpose of this study was to define the usefulness of an internal oblique radiograph in the assessment of these fractures. METHODS: We prospectively studied fifty-four lateral humeral condylar fractures in fifty-four children seen between March 2002 and December 2004 to determine the efficacy of internal oblique radiographs in gauging the amount of displacement and the fracture pattern. Plain anteroposterior, lateral, internal oblique, and external oblique radiographs were initially made for all fifty-four patients, and three-dimensional computed tomography scans were performed for seven patients. RESULTS: A large percentage (70%) of the fractures were seen to have different amounts of displacement on the anteroposterior and internal oblique radiographs, and a large percentage (75%) were seen to have different fracture patterns, according to the criteria suggested by Finnbogason et al., on the two views. The internal oblique radiograph was more accurate for demonstrating the fracture gap (thirty cases were seen to have more displacement on that view) and for demonstrating the fracture pattern (twenty cases were seen to have more instability on the internal oblique view). We also confirmed the direction of the fracture line and the location of the fragment more accurately with three-dimensional computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: It is not optimal to evaluate the amount of displacement and the stability of a lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children on the basis of just anteroposterior and lateral elbow radiographs. Classifications should be based on the greatest displacement seen on at least three radiographic views, especially the internal oblique view.     

经皮微创接骨板固定术外侧切口在老年肱骨近端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨在肱骨近端骨折(PFHs)中应用上臂近端经皮微创接骨板固定术(MIPPO)外侧切口的临床疗效.方法 2019年1月至2020年9月福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院骨伤科PHFs患者共51例;男15例,女36例;平均年龄73.3(68～85)岁.均为Neer分型的Ⅱ型骨折及不伴有粉碎及脱位的Ⅲ型骨折,术前无肩袖损...     

改良外侧入路切开复位治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的前瞻性研究

目的 通过与传统外侧入路比较,探讨改良外侧入路切开复位治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效. 方法采用前瞻性的研究方法,自2004年1月至2007年5月,将76例儿童肱骨髁上骨折随机分成两组,分别有34例采用改良外侧入路和42例采用外侧入路切开复位克氏针固定,比较改良外侧入路和外侧入路切开复位治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果,观察指标:手术时间、住院时间、手术后并发症、克氏针在位状况及Flynn肘关节功能评定. 结果所有患者均获得随访,时间9～24个月,平均19个月.改良外侧入路组手术时间、住院时间均短于外侧入路组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).改良外侧入路组手术并发症包括:克氏针松动移位2例,肘关节活动范围减少4例,发生率为17.6%(6/34).外侧入路组手术并发症包括:切口感染1例,克氏针松动移位5例,尺神经损伤2例,肘内翻2例,肘外翻1例,肘关节活动范围减少8例,发生率为45.2%(19/42).两组并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.480,P<0.05).Flynn肘关节功能评定结果,改良外侧入路组满意率为94.1%(32/34),而外侧入路组满意率为73.8%(31/42),两组比较筹异有统计学意义(χ2=5.465,P<0.05).结论 改良外侧入路切开复位治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折能取得较好疗效,值得临床推广应用.     

Management of supracondylar fractures of humerus with condylar involvement in children

The intent of this study was to heighten awareness and to present the authors' experience of an uncommon supracondylar humerus fracture in children. Twenty-two children were studied over a period of 18 years. The average age was 7 years, and oldest child was 11 years at time of injury. The fracture subtypes with medial condyle, lateral condyle, and intercondylar extensions were classified based on radiographs. The patients were followed for an average of 6.5 years. Eighteen injuries (82%) were graded excellent or good, and there were two each with fair or poor outcomes. The most common complication was loss of carrying angle of more than 10 degrees, which occurred in three children. The best results were seen in cases where three or four cross-fixing wires were used across the fractures. The authors recommend closed reduction techniques and percutaneous multiple cross-pin fixation for the displaced fracture. The fracture is unique and distinctive enough to warrant a designation as supracondylar fracture type IV with subtypes in the younger child.