Smoking and lens optical density

Epidemiological evidence indicates that smoking increases the risk of age-related cataract. No information is currently available, however, on the effects of smoking on the lens prior to cataract development. In this study, we relate smoking behavior to lens optical density (OD) in younger individuals without frank cataract. Fifty three never smokers and 41 current smokers were compared directly. Thirty one past smokers were tested to examine the relationship between years since smoking cessation and lens OD. Lens OD was measured psychophysically by comparing scotopic thresholds obtained at 410 (measuring) and 550 nm (reference). Stimuli were presented in Maxwellian view. The smokers in the sample smoked an average of 17.3 +/- 11.3 cigarettes/day for 20.4 +/- 12 years. No significant differences (other than in fat intake) were found between the smokers and nonsmokers in iris color, dietary patterns, or age. Despite their overall similarity, lens OD was significantly (p = 0.005) higher in the smokers. Moreover, we found a significant dose-response relationship (p = 0.02) between smoking frequency and lens OD. There was also a weak relationship between smoking frequency and lens OD for past smokers (p = 0.06), but no relationship between lens OD and years since smoking cessation. Our data indicate that smoking is directly related to age-related increases in lens OD throughout life and that these increases persist even after smoking cessation.     

Iris color and incident cataract and cataract surgery: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

PURPOSE: To assess whether an association exists between iris color and the incidence of cataract and cataract surgery. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 predominantly Caucasian participants aged 49+ years during 1992-1994, and then 2335 survivors (75.1%) after 5 years. Iris color was determined by comparison with four standard photographs. Slit-lamp and retro-illumination lens photographs were graded for presence and severity of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular cataract. Incident cataract surgery was recorded by history and from the photographs. RESULTS: Participants with dark brown iris color had an increased incidence of nuclear cataract, odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 2.8, and cataract surgery (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.4-4.2) in multivariate models, compared with participants with blue iris color. CONCLUSION: Incidence data from this study support previous cross-sectional findings linking dark brown iris color with age-related cataract.     

Erratum: Iris Color and Macula Pigment Optical Density

The present study was designed to assess the relationship between iris color and macular pigment optical density. Both melanin and carotenoids (responsible for iris color and macular pigment composition, respectively) appear to protect the retina through similar mechanisms and higher concentrations may reduce the incidence of retimal degenerations. The evaluate this relationship, 95 subjects were examined and the following variables were measured: iris color; macular pigment optical density (MP); plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and beta carotene; dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and beta-carotene; and total fat intake. Iris color was determined by self assessment and classified as blue or gray (group I), green or hazel (group II) or brown or black (group III). MP density was measured psychophysically by measuring foveal and parafoveal sensitivities to lights of 460 and 550 nm, using the method of heterochromatic flicker photometry. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Dietary intake was determined by a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. Despite similarities in diet and in blood concentrations of carotenoids, significant differences in macular pigment density (P<0·02) were found for different colored irises (group I,n=38, MP=0·25; group II,n=26, MP=0·32; group III,n=31, MP=0·38). The covariation of iris color and MP indicates that past epidemiologic studies have not adequately determined the independent effects of either factor. The relationship of MP and iris color may be the result of one or two factors: the evolution of a shared tendency to accumulate melanin and carotenoids due to similar environmental pressures (e.g. light and oxygen); and/or MP might be depleted due to the tendency for eyes with light irises to transmit more light than eyes with dark irises, thus causing increased oxidative stress.     

Iris color and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between eye color and cataract. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study (N = 3654) was conducted near Sydney, Australia. Lens photographs were graded for cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract. Iris color was assessed at slit-lamp examination by comparison with four photographic standards. RESULTS: Eyes with dark brown irises were more likely to have nuclear (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.28) or posterior subcapsular cataract (adjusted odds ratio, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.57 to 3.98) than eyes with lighter-colored irises. CONCLUSIONS: People with dark brown eyes are at increased risk of cataract and should be encouraged to protect their eyes from direct exposure to sunlight.     

Iris color and visual functions

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate if iris color is associated with differences in visual functions such as intraocular straylight (IOSL), contrast sensitivity (CS), or best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, which is a subgroup analysis of a large prospective trial about visual impairments in European car drivers, we included 853 persons between 20 and 80 years of age and without a history of ocular surgery or any eye disease including cataract. Subjects participated in an ophthalmological examination, grading of lens opacity, and the measurement of visual functions such as IOSL, CS, and BCVA. Dependent on iris color, participants were divided into four groups: light-blue, blue-grey, green-hazel, and brown.

Results

Independent of age, IOSL was significantly (all p values?<?0.0001, Fisher’s LSD test) higher in participants with light-blue colored iris (1.14 log(IOSL) [95 % CI: 1.11–1.17]) compared to participants with blue-grey (1.07 log(IOSL) [95 % CI: 1.05–1.09]), green-hazel (1.06 log(IOSL) [95 % CI: 1.04–1.08]) or brown (1.06 log(IOSL) [95 % CI: 1.04–1.08]) iris color. CS was also lower in participants with light-blue pigmented irises (1.60 log(CS) [95 % CI: 1.58–1.62]) than in the other groups, but statistically significant (p?=?0.013, Fisher’s LSD test) only compared to brown iris color. For BCVA we could not found any difference between the four groups.

Conclusions

We could show in this study that iris color has a significant impact on IOSL and to a lower degree on CS, but not on BCVA. Persons with light-blue iris color who showed significantly higher IOSL values therefore may experience disability glare in daily situations such as driving at night more often than others.     

Ocular hypotensive effects of cholinergic and adrenergic drugs may be influenced by prostaglandins E2 in the human and rabbit eye

PURPOSE: Increased PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo. Various cholinergic and adrenergic compounds are traditionally used as antiglaucoma drugs, and their effect on IOP reduction is antagonised by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indicating a role for eicosanoids in their hypotensive activity. One of the most potent antiglaucoma drugs, PG2 alpha (Latanoprost), reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow and also increases PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body in vivo. We investigated whether cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma drugs induce the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro by: 1) the iris-ciliary body (ICB) of rabbits and, 2) irises of glaucoma patients. METHODS: Pilocarpine 2%, epinephrine 1% and echothiophate iodide 0.125% were applied topically to both eyes of Albino rabbits. Control groups were treated with the corresponding vehicles, or untreated completely. Human iris specimens were obtained from nine untreated cataract eyes, and five eyes under antiglaucoma medication undergoing surgery. PGE2 were determined by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: PGE2 production by the ICB of treated rabbits in vitro was twice that of vehicle-treated or untreated rabbit eyes (p<0.001, for either group). In vitro PGE2 production by treated glaucoma patients' irises was three times higher (p<0.001) than in cataract control patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study found an increase in in vitro production of PGE2 by the irises of eyes treated with cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma medications. This suggests a role for endogenous PG production in the hypotensive effect of both classes of drug.     

Pupil size in Jewish theological seminary students

PURPOSE: To investigate the authors' clinical impression that pupil size among myopic Jewish theological seminary students is different from pupil size of similar secular subjects. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 28 male Jewish theological seminary students and 28 secular students or workers who were matched for age and refraction. All participants were consecutively enrolled. Scotopic and photopic pupil size was measured by means of a Colvard pupillometer. Comparisons of various parameters between the groups were performed using the two-sample t-test, Fisher exact test, a paired-sample t-test, a two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients as appropriate. RESULTS: The two groups were statistically matched for age, refraction, and visual acuity. The seminary students were undercorrected by an average of 2.35 diopters (D), while the secular subjects were undercorrected by only 0.65 D (p<0.01). The average pupil size was larger in the religious group under both scotopic and photopic luminance. This difference was maintained when the two groups were compared according to iris color under both conditions, reaching a level of statistical significance (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in photopic pupil size between dark and light irises (p=0.049), but this difference was not maintained under scotopic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The average pupil size of young ultraorthodox seminary students was significantly larger than that of matched secular subjects. Whether this is the result of intensive close-up work or of apparently characteristic undercorrection of the myopia is undetermined.     

区域折射人工晶状体SBL-3对年龄相关性白内障的治疗效果

目的：观察区域折射人工晶状体SBL-3在年龄相关性白内障患者中的临床应用效果。

方法：选取2016-02/2017-12期间本院诊治的年龄相关性白内障患者90例90眼,随机分为对照组(45例45眼)和观察组(45例45眼)。对照组植入单焦点人工晶状体,观察组植入区域折射人工晶状体SBL-3。比较两组患者手术前后的裸眼视力、VF-14量表评分、角膜内皮细胞情况及术后对比敏感度。

结果：术前两组患者的裸眼视力、VF-14量表评分及角膜内皮细胞情况无明显差异(均P>0.05)。术后12wk,观察组患者的裸眼视力、VF-14量表评分优于对照组,明光及暗光对比敏感度低于对照组(均P<0.05),而角膜内皮细胞情况、明光眩光及暗光眩光对比敏感度无明显差异(均P>0.05)。

结论：区域折射人工晶状体SBL-3在年龄相关性白内障患者中的临床应用效果较好,对患者的视觉质量有积极的改善作用,且对角膜的不良影响较小。     

The association between eye color and corneal sensitivity measured using a Belmonte esthesiometer.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the association between corneal sensitivity measured using a pneumatic esthesiometer and eye color quantified objectively. METHODS: Twenty subjects had ocular surface sensitivity measured using a Belmonte esthesiometer. An ascending method of limits followed by the method of constant stimuli were used to estimate 1) cold detection thresholds, 2) discomfort detection thresholds (both using pneumatic stimuli at 20 degrees C, 3) mechanical detection thresholds using pneumatic stimuli at 50 degrees C (ocular surface temperature approximately 33 degrees C), and 4) percent CO2 chemical detection thresholds using 50 degrees C pneumatic stimuli at flow rates set at half of each subject's pneumatic detection threshold (therefore detected by the chemical content and not the mechanical content). Eye color was estimated 1) clinically by two observers ranking the color (light to dark) of digital images of each subject's iris, 2) photometrically by measuring iris luminance, and 3) using chromaticity obtained from a Photo Research 650 spectroradiometer with controlled illumination. Correlation and linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to examine relationships between variables. RESULTS: There were no associations between eye color (determined clinically or objectively) for mechanical and chemical detection thresholds (best r = 0.15, all p > 0.05). There was a significant linear association between 20 degrees detection thresholds and eye color (r = 0.39), which was substantially improved with a two-line function (part level and part increasing linearly, r = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: We were generally unable to demonstrate the relationship between eye color and sensitivity reported previously using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. However, for a subset of subjects with palest irises, there appears to be a linear association between eye color and sensitivity to cooling stimuli.     

虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环在晶状体脱位中的应用

目的：评价虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)在外伤性白内障晶状体脱位手术中的应用效果。

方法：对23例23眼合并晶状体半脱位的外伤性白内障患者行白内障手术,分为两组。观察组14眼术中使用虹膜拉钩固定囊袋,植入CTR,然后行超声乳化及后房型折叠人工晶状体囊袋内植入; 对照组9眼使用常规白内障超声乳化手术方式。

结果：两组间比较,观察组术后视力提高明显,二者比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01); 观察组并发症发生率低,二者比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论：在超声乳化治疗晶状体脱位的白内障手术中运用CTR联合虹膜拉钩,能提高手术的可操作性和安全性,减少手术并发症,术后人工晶状体可以安全稳定地位于囊袋内,视力恢复好。     

Long-term renormalization of chromatic mechanisms following cataract surgery

The optical density of the human crystalline lens progressively increases with age, the greatest increase in the visible spectrum being at short wavelengths. This produces a gradual shift in the spectral distribution of the light reaching the retina, yet color appearance remains relatively stable across the life span, implying that the visual system adapts to compensate for changes in spectral sensitivity. We explored properties of this adaptive renormalization by measuring changes in color appearance following cataract surgery. When the lens is removed, cataract patients often report a large perceptual shift in color appearance that can last for months. This change in color appearance was quantified for four cataract patients (63-84 years) by determining the chromaticity of stimuli that appeared achromatic before surgery, and at various intervals after surgery for up to 1 year. Stimuli were presented on a calibrated CRT as 9.5-deg spots, with 3-s duration and 3-s interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Chromaticity was adjusted by the subjects in CIE L*a*b* color space with luminance fixed at 32 cd/m2, on a dark background. We also estimated the optical density of the cataractous lens by comparing absolute scotopic thresholds from 410 nm to 600 nm before and after surgery. The results demonstrated that immediately following surgery there is a large increase in the short-wave light reaching the retina, mainly below 500 nm. The achromatic settings generally showed an initial large shift in the "yellow" direction after surgery that gradually (but never fully) returned to the original achromatic point before surgery. The shifts in the achromatic point occur over a number of months and appear to occur independently of the fellow eye.     

Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat

Purpose: To investigate the effect of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced cataract. Methods: Brown‐Norway rats (pigmented) and Fischer‐344 rats (non‐pigmented) were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 5 kJ/m² UVR. Each strain was split into two groups, each receiving either mydriatic (tropicamide) or miotic (pilocarpine) eye‐drops. One week after exposure, the degree of ocular inflammation and damage in the anterior segment was determined. The lenses were extracted, photographed and the degree of forward light scattering (cataract) was quantified. Results: The cataract types differed between the two strains. All Fischer rats developed macroscopically identifiable UVR cataract while only 41% of Brown‐Norway rats did so. All groups except the miotic Brown‐Norway developed significant light scattering. The Fischer rats developed 3–4‐fold more lens light scattering than the Brown‐Norway rats. The miotic Fischer group exhibited significantly more light scattering than the mydriatic Fischer group. There was no significant difference in light scattering between the two Brown‐Norway groups. There was a correlation between ocular inflammation and degree of light scattering, with Brown‐Norway rats exhibiting less inflammation and lens light scattering. Conclusions: Pigmented rats develop less UVR cataract and less ocular inflammation than non‐pigmented rats. Pupil size plays a smaller role in UVR cataract development in pigmented rats than in non‐pigmented. The role of UVR‐induced ocular inflammation in cataract development is still ambiguous.     

A case-control study on risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract: The Casteldaccia Eye Study

PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular age-related cataract. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on subjects aged 40 years and older, living in Casteldaccia, Sicily. Twenty-seven potential risk factors were investigated. Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities of the lens were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Subjects with advanced lens opacities represented the cases, while an identical number of subjects without or with early cataract, matched for sex and age, were recruited as controls from within the same population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that myopia and iris atrophy were significantly associated with nuclear cataract. Iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract were positively correlated with cortical cataract. Myopia, iris atrophy, use of corticosteroids and familial occurrence of cataract presented an association with posterior subcapsular cataract. After multivariate analysis, the variables that remained significantly associated were myopia and iris atrophy for nuclear cataract; iris atrophy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and familial occurrence of cataract for cortical cataract; and myopia, iris atrophy and familial occurrence of cataract for posterior subcapsular cataract. CONCLUSION: In addition to well known risk factors such as myopia or use of corticosteroids, the Casteldaccia case-control study shows that iris atrophy represents a previously unrecognized risk factor for each of the three types of cataract.     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术保留晶状体前囊或后囊的观察比较

目的观察玻璃体视网膜疾病伴有白内障需行玻璃体切除时保留品状体前囊和后囊的临床反应和疗效。方法30例（30眼）玻璃体视网膜疾病伴有白内障者,随机分成两组,每组15例（15眼）。A组（保留品状体后囊）行小切口白内障摘出后再行玻璃体切除,B组（保留晶状体前囊）行常规闭合式三通道手术,先在晶状体前囊下切除晶状体再行玻璃体切除术。结果术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后1周,眼压升高者：A组4例（4眼）,B组1例（1眼）;虹膜后粘连者：A组5例（5眼）,B组0例。术后1～2个月,虹膜后粘连者：A组15例（15眼）均出现程度不一的虹膜后粘连,9例因瞳孔闭锁,虹膜高度膨隆出现继发性青光眼;B组0例且眼压均正常。结论玻璃体切除合并白内障保留晶状体前囊可以避免虹膜后粘连及其引起的继发性青光眼,并减轻了眼部组织的损伤。     

Lens autofluorescence and light scatter in relation to the lens opacities classification system, LOCS III.

PURPOSE: To compare values of the human lens autofluorescence and back light scatter measurements with the improved Lens Opacities Classification System, LOCS III. METHODS: We measured autofluorescence and back light scatter of the lens from 122 smoking males aged 57 to 76 years who participated in a cancer prevention study. The retroillumination and slit-lamp photographs of the lenses were graded according to LOCS III by the Center for Ophthalmic Research in Boston. Lens fluorometry was carried out with a previously described technique using blue-green (495 nm/520 nm) autofluorescence range. Interzeag Lens Opacity Meter 701 was used for light scatter measurements. RESULTS: LOCS III nuclear opalescence and color grades were statistically significantly correlated with lens autofluorescence as well as with light scatter values. The lens transmission index of autofluorescence measurements showed the highest correlation with the nuclear color (r = -0.71; p < 0.0001) and the light scatter value with nuclear opalescence (r = 0.64; p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between autofluorescence measurements and LOCS III grades of cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract. A weak relation could be found between the grades of cortical cataract and light scatter values. CONCLUSIONS: The lens fluorometry provides a practical clinical technique to evaluate the yellow coloration and opalescence of the human lens nucleus. It may be a useful additional tool together with a subjective grading system in the follow-up of optical changes occurring in the nuclear region of the lens.     

The rod-mediated multifocal electroretinogram in aging and in early age-related maculopathy

PURPOSE: To measure function with the rod-mediated multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in younger and older subjects with normal vision and with early age-related maculopathy (ARM). METHODS: Thirty subjects were studied: 10 healthy subjects with a mean age of 31 years (young group), 10 healthy subjects with a mean age of 71 years (old group), and 10 early ARM subjects with a mean age of 71 years (early ARM group). The influence of cataract was approximated by retesting five subjects of the young group through an 0.3 neutral density filter (ND filter group). We analyzed first-order N1P1-amplitude and P1-implicit time (P1-IT) mfERG responses and correlated them with funduscopic changes as defined by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) group. RESULTS: Averaged concentric ring P1-ITs were significantly delayed in the old (p = 0.02) and early ARM (p < 0.001) compared with the young group and in the early ARM group compared with the old and ND group (p < or = 0.01). There were no significant differences in N1P1-amplitudes between groups, but there was a significant location effect for all groups with highest mean amplitudes for the most peripheral ring of hexagons (p < 0.01). Significantly delayed overall P1-ITs (p < 0.05) were correlated with progressive funduscopic changes. CONCLUSIONS: Aging and early ARM affects the rod-mediated mfERG, and there is good correlation with funduscopic changes. Although a lens effect cannot be excluded, a neuronal transmission alteration at the postreceptoral level is suggested.     

Pupillary functions after cataract surgery using flexible iris retractor in patients with small pupil

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess pupillary functions after small pupil cataract surgery using the flexible iris retractor. METHODS: Subjects were 11 patients (12 eyes) with small pupils who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Pupils were enlarged using the flexible iris retractor intraoperatively, and postoperative iriscorder data were compared with the data of 20 normal controls who underwent standard phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS: Although pupillary area before light stimulus did not differ between the groups, contraction rate after light stimulus was significantly lower in the small pupil group than in the normal controls. The velocity of contraction and dilation was also significantly slower in the small pupil group. Wider pupillary stretching during surgery resulted in deteriorated pupillary functions after surgery. Eyes of patients on long-term miotic therapy with pilocarpine showed poorer pupillary reaction postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate use of the flexible iris retractor causes an atonic, chronically enlarged postoperative pupil. To avoid postoperative pupillary complications, miotic pupils should not be stretched to larger than a 5.0 x 5.0 mm square.     

西藏地区藏族白内障患者两种手术方式的对比

目的：：比较分析西藏高原地区白内障患者行小切口非超声乳化与超声乳化两种不同手术方式的术后视力、术中及术后并发症情况。方法：收集2014-10/2015-01西藏自治区藏医院眼科收治的白内障患者413例413眼,随机分成白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术(超乳组)200例200眼,小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术(小切口组)213例213眼。分别比较两组术后1、5 d裸眼视力、术中及术后并发症情况。结果：术后1、5d两组患者裸眼视力≥0.5分别为小切口组150眼(70.4%),196眼(92.0%),超声乳化组156眼(78.0%),185眼(92.5%);与小切口组相比,超乳组术后1d与术前视力差值有统计学意义(P<0.05);小切口组和超乳组术后5d与术后1d裸眼视力差值比较差别无统计学意义(P=0.33)。核硬度Ⅰ级白内障患者,术后超乳组视力≥0.5患眼数与小切口组比较无统计学差异( P>0.05);核硬度Ⅱ级白内障患者,术后超乳组视力≥0.5患眼数明显多于小切口组(P<0.01);核硬度Ⅲ级白内障患者,术后超乳组视力≥0.5患眼数明显多于小切口组( P<0.01);核硬度Ⅳ级白内障患者,术后超乳组视力≥0.5患眼数与小切口组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);核硬度Ⅴ级白内障患者,术后超乳组视力≥0.5患眼数与小切口组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。小切口组与超乳组患者角膜水肿者比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。小切口组与超乳组患者虹膜反应比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：本研究表明老年性白内障仍是西藏地区白内障患病的主要病因之一,目前手术治疗白内障仍是最有效的治疗方式。超声乳化组核硬Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的白内障患者术后1d 视力提高较小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术组显著,而核硬度Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级无统计学差别。两组在术后5d视力、角膜水肿、虹膜反应等并发症无明显差异,因此,在没有条件进行超声乳化手术的情况下,小切口非超声乳化手术同样可以达到相似的治疗效果。     

Pupil abnormalities on the first postoperative day after cataract surgery

Most, if not all, ophthalmologists strive to achieve a round pupil after cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation. The presence of pupil abnormalities and iris modifications is cosmetically undesirable and may affect the quality of postoperative vision. The pupillary motility may be changed which will in turn affect both pupillary light reflexes and pupillary dilatation during fundus examination. In this paper, we prospectively studied 2 groups of patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation; 100 patients who had planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), and 130 patients who underwent phacoemulsification. On the first postoperative day, we found a 16% rate of pupil abnormalities in the group which underwent ECCE surgery while only 5.3% of the phacoemulsification group had pupil abnormalities. There were different causes in which the two groups. The most common cause of pupil abnormality after ECCE was due to iris sphincter rupture, whereas the most common cause after phacoemulsification was due to iris trauma during phacoemulsification. These pupil abnormalities are the direct consequence of factors in surgery and we suggest ways to minimize the occurrence of such abnormalities in cataract surgery.     

糖尿病性白内障超声乳化术的临床观察

目的：观察糖尿病性白内障患者施行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后视力变化及其影响因素。方法：对42例48眼糖尿病性白内障患者及48例48眼单纯老年性白内障患者行超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,观察术后视力及术后并发症。结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病组术后视力较差,但两组无明显统计学差异。糖尿病组术后角膜内皮水肿、纤维素性渗出和虹膜后粘连显著增多。结论：糖尿病患者白内障术后视力的恢复与眼底病变程度、病程及术后并发症的影响有关。