应用对比经颅多普勒技术评价偏头痛和卵圆孔未闭的关系

目的：观察门诊有先兆偏头痛（MA），无先兆偏头痛（M0）患者和无头痛人群中卵圆孔未闭（PFO）的发生率，以及产生中或大分流PFO的发生率。方法：经受试者同意后，随机抽取我院神经内科门诊从2006年3月至2007年3月就诊的MA患者38例（男14例，女24例），MO患者44例（男15例，女29例），无头痛对照24例（男10例，女14例）。以肘前静脉注射手振生理盐水作为造影剂，并结合Valsaval动作，行经颅多普勒（TCD）监测，诊断PFO并对分流量进行分级。结果：MA组与对照组比，具有PFO者占42％，高于对照组的20％；其中中分流或大分流者高于对照组，差异有统计学意义。MO组具有PFO者也高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义。结论：MA患者比无头痛人群存在较多的PFO，其巾出现中分流或大分流的显著增多。     

卵圆孔未闭解剖和检查技术的进展

正心源性脑梗死的常见原因包括心房颤动、瓣膜病、近期的心肌梗死、扩张型心肌病、病态窦房结综合征、卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)合并深静脉血栓等[1],相对而言,与PFO相关的脑梗死容易在临床实践中被人们所忽略,部分医生甚至对卵圆孔的解剖生理病理和检查技术等尚感到陌生。本文将就这一问题做简要的综述。     

经颅多普勒超声微泡实验评价偏头痛及隐源性卒中与卵圆孔未闭的关系

胎儿期卵圆孔作为一个生理通道使血液从右心房流入左心房,维持胎儿血液循环。卵圆孔一般在出生后5～7个月左右随着肺循环建立、左心房压力增高而关闭。若大于3岁卵圆窝处继发膈和原发膈仍未完全融合,中间遗留斜形的     

卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛关系的研究现状

近年来,越来越多研究表明,卵圆孔未闭（PFO）与偏头痛有着密切的关系。本文总结了PFO与偏头痛相关性研究、探讨两者之间可能存在的共同发病机制、评价了卵圆孔未闭封堵术及抗血小板药物治疗对偏头痛的影响,为治疗和预防伴有PFO的偏头痛患者提供有力的理论依据。     

基于经食管超声心动图的卵圆孔未闭形态与隐源性卒中的关系研究

目的 应用经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)检查评估隐源性卒中(cryptogenic stroke,CS)患者卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)的形态学特征,探讨PFO形态与CS发生的关系.方法 回顾性选取2015年3月-2020年...     

卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛关系的研究现状

近年来,越来越多研究表明,卵圆孔未闭（PFO）与偏头痛有着密切的关系。本文总结了PFO与偏头痛相关性研究、探讨两者之间可能存在的共同发病机制、评价了卵圆孔未闭封堵术及抗血小板药物治疗对偏头痛的影响,为治疗和预防伴有PFO的偏头痛患者提供有力的理论依据。     

经颅多普勒增强实验结合经食管超声鉴别肺动静脉瘘与卵圆孔未闭所致隐源性卒中的研究

目的 探讨经颅多普勒增强实验（contrast transcranial Doppler,cTCD）结合经食管超声（transesophageal echocardiography,TEE）对于鉴别肺动静脉瘘（pulmonary arteriovenous fistula,PAVF）与卵圆孔未闭 （patent foramen ovale,PFO）所致隐源性卒中的意义。 方法 收集4例隐源性卒中患者（PAVF组2例,PFO组2例）的临床资料,行cTCD、TEE检查,比较两组的 检查结果差异。 结果 PAVF组cTCD结果显示患者平静呼吸时即见雨帘样栓子信号,Valsalva动作（Valsalva maneuver, VM）后栓子数量变化不明显;TEE彩色多普勒（color Doppler flow image,CDFI）未见异常,右心声学造 影VM后5个心动周期左房内肺静脉开口处见大量微泡。PFO组cTCD结果显示,一例平静呼吸时可见4 个栓子,VM后雨帘样栓子信号,VM作用消失后第40个心动周期有2个栓子信号。一例平静呼吸时无 栓子信号,VM后可见>50个栓子信号,VM作用消失后无栓子信号。TEECDFI示原发隔继发隔间裂隙左 向右过隔血流,右心声学造影VM后2～3个心动周期卵圆孔附近的左心房内见数个微气泡。 结论 cTCD结合TEE鉴别诊断PFO和PAVF敏感性高,易于操作。二者主要鉴别点在于cTCD平静呼吸时 是否出现大量栓子及是否受VM影响。     

TCD发泡试验对偏头痛合并卵圆孔未闭患者的筛查及封堵治疗后评价的意义

目的 观察TCD发泡试验(c-TCD)对偏头痛患者筛查卯圆孔未闭(PFO)的价值及封堵PFO后的疗效.方法 偏头痛患者126例,男45例,女81例,平均年龄42.3 ±3.6岁,其中先兆偏头痛(MA)78例,非先兆偏头痛(MO)48例.所有患者均行c-TCD、食道超声心动图(TEE)及头部CT检查.对诊断为卵圆孔未闭且同意封堵治疗的患者进行经皮穿刺介入封堵治疗,并在封堵术后1m、3m行c-TCD及常规经胸心脏超声心动图(TrE)检查,在术后6m行TTE联合TCD声学造影及头部CT检查.结果 126例偏头痛患者中,46例(36.5％) c-TCD提示心脏存在右向左分流且TEE证实存在卵圆孔未闭,其中MA 32例,MO 14例;12例(MA 8例,MO 4例)接受介入封堵治疗,其中10例封堵术后偏头痛症状消失,2例封堵术后患者偏头痛症状明显改善;4例封堵术后3m内c-TCD提示存在右向左分流,较术前明显减少,其中2例仅在Valsalva动作后出现.封堵术后6m c-TCD联合TTE声学造影检查,2例(均为术后3m常规c-TCD阳性)患者仍存在右向左分流,所有头部CT无新发梗死病灶.结论 c-TCD对PFO的筛查及介入封堵术后随访具有重要指导价值;介入封堵治疗可明显改善合并PFO患者的偏头痛症状;封堵治疗6m后仍有部分患者存在残余右向左分流.     

经颅多普勒超声在不明原因缺血性脑卒中的应用研究

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)技术结合生理盐水发泡试验在不明原因缺血性脑卒中患者卵圆孔未闭(PFO)筛查中的应用价值。方法收集51例55岁以下不明原因缺血性脑卒中患者,行TCD结合生理盐水发泡试验和经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查。结果 51例患者中,23例患者TCD检查栓子信号阳性,其中18例患者TTE检查发现PFO,而在28例TCD检查栓子信号阴性的患者中未发现PFO;TCD检查阳性患者中偏头痛发病率、合并下肢深静脉血栓比例以及房间隔瘤比例较阴性者高(P<0.05)。结论 TCD结合生理盐水发泡试验是筛查PFO的有效手段,可以作为不明原因缺血性脑卒中病因筛查的手段。     

卵圆孔未闭相关性隐源性脑卒中的研究进展

随着检查技术的发展,隐源性脑卒中的发病原因逐渐明确,其中近半数隐源性脑卒中患者的致病原因是卵圆孔未闭。文中针对卵圆孔未闭相关性隐源性脑卒中患者的流行病学、致病危险因素、检查方式及治疗做出综述,为临床医生发现并治疗卵圆孔未闭相关性隐源性脑卒中提供帮助。     

Silent brain embolism during transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale: a transcranial Doppler study

Abstract The aim of this report is to quantify the amount of spontaneous microembolism detected in brain vessels by transcranial Doppler (TCD) during transcatheter closure of right-to-left shunt (RLS). We examined 29 patients who had had a stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (17 females and 12 males; mean age 45±15 years). They all underwent TCD monitoring during the procedure and microembolic signals (MES) were recorded. Detection of MES was distributed as follows: during femoral catheterisation in 8 patients (25%), during atrial catheterisation in 5 patients (17%), during transeptal crossing in 14 patients (48%), during left disc opening in 28 patients (96%) and during right disc opening in 7 patients (24%). The highest rates of MES were observed during left disc opening and less during transeptal crossing with an average count of 31 (range 3–135) and 3 (range 1–18) respectively. Brain embolism occurs throughout the procedure after femoral catheterisation for PFO closure. Our results indicate that the majority of MES reached the brain during the opening of the left disc in the left atrium: 28/29 patients exhibited MES with an average of 31 (3–135), thus supporting the notion that gas embolism accounted for the findings.     

经颅多普勒发泡实验在筛查隐源性卒中合并卵圆孔未闭的应用价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒发泡实验(C-TCD)在筛查隐源性卒中合并卵圆孔未闭中的应用价值。方法回顾分析60例隐源性卒中患者,包括发病特点,既往史,检验检查,分析相关数据。结果 60例患者均明确诊断为急性脑梗死、短暂性脑缺血发作,行经颅多普勒超声发泡试验(c-TCD)发现,阳性33例,阴性27例,经食道超声心动(TEE)检查证实有26例合并心脏卵圆孔未闭,16例合并下肢静脉血栓形成。结论 PFO在隐源性卒中中为常见病因,但常规检查很难发现,本研究通过c-TCD初步筛查PFO,阳性率及敏感性高于TEE,特异性亦较高,对于隐源性卒中合并PFO,可作为病因筛查的首选。     

对比增强经颅多普勒超声对偏头痛与右向左分流相关性的福建地区单中心研究

目的观察偏头痛患者右向左分流(right-to-left shunt,RLS)的发生率,分析偏头痛与右向左分流的相关性。方法入选116例确诊为偏头痛的患者为病例组,75例健康志愿者为对照组,应用对比增强经颅多普勒超声(contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler,c-TCD)诊断RLS并对分流量进行分级,分析两组的阳性率,进行统计分析。结果病例组中,RLS的阳性率为50.9%(59/116),其中,Ⅰ级分流35例(30.2%),Ⅱ级分流3例(2.6%),Ⅲ级分流7例(6.0%),Ⅳ级分流14例(12.1%)。对照组中,RLS的阳性率为30.6%(23/75),其中,Ⅰ级分流18例(24.0%),Ⅱ级分流1例(1.3%),Ⅲ级分流0例(0%),Ⅳ级分流4例(5.3%)。两组RLS总阳性率的比较,病例组的RLS总阳性率高于对照组,统计学有显著差异(P=0.006,χ~2=7.583);病例组的大量分流率显著高于对照组(P=0.011,χ~2=6.530),但两组的小量分流率比较无统计学差异(P=0.273,χ~2=1.199)。结论偏头痛与右向左分流存在相关,大量分流可能是偏头痛的病因,应引起临床重点关注。     

Pregnancy, patent foramen ovale and stroke: a case of pseudoperipheral facial palsy

Abstract The pathogenetic role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in embolic stroke and its prognostic and therapeutic implications have not yet been clearly defined. Nonetheless, recent availability of non-invasive diagnostic techniques, such as the transcranial Doppler (TCD), has increased the frequency with which this anomaly is diagnosed. Here we present the case of a young woman affected by post-partum peripheral facial palsy: further exams disclosed not only its truncal-ischaemic origin, but also, significantly, the presence of PFO, as well as of anticardiolipin antibodies (acL). Given the increased embolic risk in labouring women, this study highlights the importance of searching for PFO in case of a stroke during pregnancy.     

The inferior petrosal sinus: assessment by transcranial Doppler ultrasound using the suboccipital approach.

Recently, intracranial veins and sinuses have been successfully insonated using the transtemporal and transoccipital approaches by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to prove the capacity of the Doppler method to evaluate the inferior petrosal sinus via the suboccipital approach. Venous transcranial ultrasound was performed with a range-gated 2-MHz transducer in 80 healthy volunteers and patients without central nervous system disorders ranging in age from 15-84 years (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 37.6 +/- 15.2 years). A venous signal with a flow directed toward the probe was considered to originate from the inferior petrosal sinus because of its proximity to the basilar artery. The inferior petrosal sinus was insonated in 96.3% of the cases at least on one side. It was found bilaterally in 48 (60%), on the right side in 74 (92.5%), and on the left side in 51 (63.8%) subjects, respectively. Mean blood flow velocity ranged from 8-53 cm/s (mean +/- SD, 19.6 +/- 8.7 cm/s). A significant age dependency of venous velocities was found. Weak but significant side-to-side differences were observed, reflecting the known right-sided predominance of venous outflow in humans. Using the suboccipital approach, the inferior petrosal sinus can be insonated in a high percentage of subjects without major difficulties and is defined by its vicinity to the basilar artery.     

Power M-Mode Transcranial Doppler for Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale and Assessing Transcatheter Closure

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) can benefit from a less invasive diagnostic method than transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Thirty-three gate power m-mode transcranial Doppler (pmTCD) was evaluated for its accuracy in diagnosis of PFO and utility in evaluating residual intracardiac right-to-left shunt (RLS) following transcatheter closure. METHODS: The sensitivity of pmTCD and single-gate TCD (sgTCD) to detect contrast bubble emboli through RLS was compared during transcatheter PFO closure. During 100 preclosure diagnostic evaluations and in 81 postclosure assessments, embolic tracks on pmTCD were counted following intravenous contrast injections and were graded using a 6-level logarithmic scale. The accuracy of TEE and pmTCD was separately compared to PFO anatomical findings during transcatheter closures. RESULTS: There were significantly more microemboli detectable on pmTCD (322 +/- 166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 388-257) than on sgTCD (186 +/- 109; 95% CI, 229-143; P < .001). McNemar change tests suggest that the diagnostic capabilities of pmTCD and TEE for detecting PFO are comparable and correspond to the anatomical findings determined during cardiac catheterization (P = .69 and .45, respectively). During 6-month postclosure evaluation (mean = 185 days), 66% of the patients demonstrated successful closure without significant RLS (ie, grades 0, I, or II), and 34% were found to have incomplete closure with significant RLS (ie, grades III, IV, or V). CONCLUSIONS: pmTCD provides greater sensitivity to contrast bubble emboli than does sgTCD. Among candidates for transcatheter closure, pmTCD provides an improved noninvasive method for diagnosing PFO and evaluating transcatheter closure.     

彩色多普勒和经颅多普勒对椎动脉型颈椎病牵引治疗效果的评价

背景：适宜方向、角度的牵引对于椎动脉型颈椎病疗效显著。选择性血管造影被公认为是确定血管疾病的“金标准”,核磁共振血管造影虽为无创性检查,却存在检查时间较长、易受人为因素影响、具有一定侵袭性等不足。 目的：通过彩色多普勒和经颅多普勒加转颈试验,对不同牵引方向和牵引角度治疗前后椎动脉型颈椎病患者血流参数变化进行比较分析。 方法：选择椎动脉型颈椎病患者240例,根据解剖学角度按病变部位(上颈段病变、下颈段病变、混合型)和牵引方式、角度(坐位前倾分1°~10°、11°~20°、21°~30°组,坐位后伸1°~10°、11°~20°、21°~30°组,坐位中立位组)分组,以局部按摩为对照组。通过彩色多普勒加转颈试验检测治疗前后椎动脉最窄部位血管内径、收缩期峰值速度、平均血流速度。通过经颅多普勒加转颈试验测量治疗前后左、右椎动脉和基底动脉的收缩期峰值血流速度、平均血流速度等血流参数,并进行比较分析。 结果与结论：①根据解剖部位确立了椎动脉型颈椎病的类型。椎动脉型颈椎病根据病变部位划分为上颈段(C1~C3)、下颈段(C4~C6)和混合型,这从椎骨形态和力学角度等方面为临床牵引治疗提供了指导。②确定了最佳牵引角度。即上颈段椎动脉型颈椎病患者坐位后伸11°~20°牵引疗效较好,下颈段椎动脉型颈椎病患者坐位前屈11°~20°牵引疗效较好,混合型椎动脉型颈椎病患者坐位前屈1°~10°疗效较好。③确立了彩色多普勒及经颅多普勒超声检测是指导椎动脉型颈椎病牵引治疗的简便、无创、安全可靠、重复性好的验证手段。     

对比增强经颅多普勒对隐源性缺血性卒中和先兆性偏头痛患者与右向左分流不同分流量相关性的研究

目的 对隐源性缺血性卒中和先兆性偏头痛患者的右向左分流阳性率及分流量进行对比分析,研究二者之间右向左分流的特征及可能的发病机制.方法 连续入组48例隐源性缺血性卒中患者、42例先兆性偏头痛患者、33例健康志愿者做为对照组,使用对比增强经颅多普勒诊断右向左分流,并根据分流量进行分级,对3组的右向左分流阳性率和不同分级进行...