改变肝癌早期诊断和治疗现状的新肝癌血清标志物

  目的  探讨血清高尔基体蛋白73 (GP73) 及其与甲胎蛋白(AFP) 和CA199联合检测对原发性肝癌(PHC) 诊断的价值。   方法  收集肝癌患者50例、肝炎患者20例、肝硬化患者20例、除肝癌外其他消化系统恶性肿瘤患者20例及健康对照者20例。用酶联免疫分析方法定量检测各组人群血清GP73, 用电化学发光法测定AFP和CA199。   结果  肝癌组血清GP73含量中位数(104.4μg/L) 明显高于肝炎组(22.7μg/L)、肝硬化组(53.8μg/L)、其他消化系统肿瘤组(41.4μg/L) 和对照组(19.3μg/L), P均 < 0.05。单项指标中GP73用于肝癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确率均最高, 分别为72.0%、95.0%和86.2%, GP73/AFP/CA199平行实验灵敏度最高(92.0%), GP73+AFP+CA199系列实验特异性最高(100%), GP73/AFP平行实验准确率最高(87.7%)。ROC曲线分析GP73曲线下面积最大, 为0.824。三个检测指标之间相关性分析无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。   结论  GP73是一种新的更有效的肝癌诊断的血清标志物, 其联合AFP和CA199检测可提高对PHC的诊断价值。     

Complements as new diagnostic tools of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients

Serum complements, C3, C4, and C3 proactivator (C3PA), were evaluated prospectively for their diagnostic power in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Sixty-three LC patients, including 36 LC with HCC patients, were recruited for this study during the period from March to November 1986. The cutoff values of the complements were set according to retrospective study including 17 LC patients and 20 HCC patients. The values with highest accuracy, 75 mg/dl C3, 16 mg/dl C4, and 18 mg/dl C3PA, were selected. Based on these data, the positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and the accuracies of complements were as follows: C3, 88.9%, 85.2%, and 87.3%; C4, 93.8%, 80.6%, and 87.3%; and C3PA, 66.7%, 90.9%, and 70.9%, respectively. The accuracy elevated to 93.7% when C3, C4, and alpha-fetoprotein were combined as the diagnostic criteria. This study supports the use of complement testing as a new diagnostic tool for HCC screening in LC patients and for follow-up evaluation in posttherapy patients of LC with HCC.     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断与治疗(附16例报告)

目的　探讨肝细胞癌 (HCC)合并胆管癌栓的诊断、治疗及影响预后的因素。方法　对1987年 7月～ 1998年 10月收治的 16例HCC合并胆管癌栓的诊疗情况进行回顾性总结和分析。结果16例中 ,除 1例行肝左外叶切除 肝动脉结扎插管 胆总管癌栓取出术外 ,余 15例均行肝切除术及胆管癌栓取出术。随访满 1年以上的 14例中 ,10例生存 1年以上 ,1年生存率为 71.4% ,其中 3例女性生存分别为 4年、6年和 12年 ;8例术后 1年内出现肿瘤复发 ,1年复发率 5 7.1%。结论　提高对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的认识、力争及早确诊并予以积极的手术治疗 ,是改善此病预后的关键。     

A pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma with biochemical features of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

A case of pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma with biochemical characteristics similar to those of fibrolamellar carcinoma is described. During chemotherapy there was a marked disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism.     

Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with the highest incidence in regions with high prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis infection, especially hepatitis B infection. HCC commonly metastasises to lungs, lymph nodes, adrenal gland and bones, including the skull. The overall prognosis of patients with metastatic HCC is poor. Randomised clinical trials are needed, which evaluate new treatment strategies and stratify patients on the basis of recent staging criteria and known prognostic indicators. This review presents a case report that illustrates the distinctive pathological features of metastatic HCC, along with a brief review of pathological features, staging, treatment and prognosis.     

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Summary Primary hepatocellular cancer is a common and virulent malignancy found all over the world. New insights into this disease are being provided by evaluation of the impact of epidemiologic data (hepatitis viral exposure, race, sex, HLA typing, and environmental factors). An enhanced appreciation of the biochemical modulators of hepatocellular cancer metabolism is now also possible. The limited success of current therapies is far from satisfactory, but prospects for the future seem more varied and promising than ever before.     

Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma

Subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma are important for 2 primary reasons: they help improve diagnostic accuracy, as different subtypes have their own diagnostic...     

肝细胞癌的治疗

肝细胞癌的治疗主要包括手术治疗和非手术治疗,手术治疗包括部分肝切除术及原位肝移植,非手术治疗包括经皮酒精注射、射频消融治疗、经肝动脉化疗栓塞以及激素治疗等.现综述肝细胞癌的治疗进展.     

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In many countries, including the United States, a definite increase in the incidence of HCC has been reported recently, largely attributable to the increasing incidence of hepatitis C infection. Unfortunately, the current management of HCC is confusing due to the large number of treatment options available. The difficulty of managing a patient with HCC is compounded by the lack of well-designed, randomized clinical trials comparing the various treatment modalities. Nevertheless, many exciting management options are currently available that may prove valuable in the treatment of this disease. Partial hepatic resection or, in some instances, liver transplantation offers the best chance for cure. However, various ablative therapies, including percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, and cryosurgery, may produce a survival benefit. In the future, systemic chemotherapy and transarterial chemoembolization, employed either alone or as adjuncts to ablation or resection, may play an increasing role in palliating or down-staging a patient with advanced HCC. This overview of the state-of-the-art management of HCC attempts to guide the practicing physician in selecting the best treatment plan for an individual with HCC.     

Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the human cancers clearly linked to viral infections. Although the major viral and environmental risk factors for HCC development have been unravelled, the oncogenic pathways leading to malignant transformation of liver cells have long remained obscure. Recent outcomes have been provided by extensive allelotype studies which resulted in a comprehensive overview of the main genetic abnormalities in HCC, including DNA copy gains and losses. The differential involvement of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in tumors associated with various risk factors has been largely clarified. Evidence for a crucial role of the reactivation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, through mutations in the beta-catenin and axin genes in 30-40% of liver tumors, represents a major breakthrough. It has also been shown that the Rb pathway is frequently disrupted by methylation-dependent silencing of the p16INK4A gene and stimulation of Rb degradation by a proteosomal subunit. Presently, the identification of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in the most frequently altered chromosomal regions is a major challenge. Great insights will come from integrating the signals from different pathways operating at preneoplastic and neoplastic stages. This search might, in time, permit an accurate evaluation of the major targets for therapeutic treatments.     

同时发生的肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌一例并文献复习

目的:探讨肝肉瘤样癌患者的临床表现、诊断、治疗方法及预后.方法:结合我院收治的1例同时发生的肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌患者,并复习国内外文献,分析该病的临床特点,实验室检查、影像学及病理学表现,治疗及预后.结果:肝肉瘤样癌临床上较少见,病理学上肿瘤包含上皮样成分及梭形细胞肉瘤样成分,肿瘤生长迅速,恶性程度高,预后差.结论:肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌同时发生的病例临床罕见,病因不明,预后较差.     

Diagnostic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress

The diagnostic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has recently undergone marked progress. The advent of the ultrasound (US) contrast agent Sonazoid, approved in January 2007, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the liver-specific MRI contrast agent gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI), approved in January 2008, are of particular significance. Sonazoid contrast-enhanced US (Sonazoid-CEUS) is useful not only for the diagnosis of HCC, but also for guiding treatment and assessing treatment response. Sonazoid-CEUS has proven to be particularly effective for screening and staging, which used to be considered impossible with CEUS, through the introduction of the newly developed diagnostic technique of defect reperfusion imaging. It is still not possible if other vascular agents such as SonoVue and Definity are used. In particular, Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI has been suggested to be much more reliable in the differentiation of early HCC from precancerous dysplastic nodules than any other modalities such as multidetector raw computed tomography, dynamic MRI, and superparamagnetic iron oxide-MRI. A decrease in contrast uptake in the hepatocyte phase observed on EOB-MRI is strongly suggestive of cancer, and the absence of early staining in the arterial phase suggests early HCC. The differential diagnostic capacity of Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI is considered to far exceed that of what were previously the most useful imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) during hepatic arteriography or CT during arterial portography, and to be comparable to that of the pathological diagnosis by pathologists specialized in liver.