川芎嗪、顺铂对人小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡的影响及机制探讨

目的观察川芎嗪、顺铂对小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法将对数生长期的NCI-H446细胞分为A、B、C、D组。A组常规培养,B组加入川芎嗪培养液100μg/ml,C组加入顺铂培养液2μg/ml,D组加入上述浓度的川芎嗪及顺铂培养液,均继续培养72 h。流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率,Westernblot法检测各组细胞中的Bcl-2、p53。结果 A组NCI-H446细胞凋亡率为5.23%±1.01%、Bcl-2蛋白为0.87±0.003 5、p53蛋白为0.19±0.002 3,B组分别为16.37%±1.23%、0.58±0.004 8、0.31±0.001 4,C组分别为19.2%±1.51%、0.32±0.003 9、0.46±0.002 5,D组分别为21.2%±1.79%、0.23±0.001 9、0.62±0.002 7。B、C、D组与A组相比,P均〈0.05;D组与B、C组相比,P均〈0.05。结论川芎嗪、顺铂联合应用可诱导小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡,可能与其降低Bcl-2表达水平、升高p53表达水平有关。     

热疗联合顺铂对小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡的影响及机制探讨

目的观察热疗联合顺铂对小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法将对数生长期的NCI-H446细胞随机分为A、B、C、D组,A组常规培养不进行特殊处理,B组将细胞消化后放置离心管中在42℃水浴中加热2 h,C组加入含2μg/mL顺铂的培养液4μg/孔,D组先经过水浴处理后加入顺铂。继续培养72 h后,采用流式细胞仪测算各组细胞凋亡率,采用Western blot法检测各组细胞中的Bcl-2、Bax。结果 NCI-H446细胞凋亡率A组为4.25%±0.56%、B组为8.12%±0.64%、C组为10.02%±0.82%、D组为12.12%±0.49%,B、C、D组细胞凋亡率与A组比较,P均<0.05;D组与B、C组比较,P均<0.05。NCI-H446细胞中Bcl-2、Bax相对表达量A组分别为0.89±0.002 8、0.18±0.001 8,B组分别为0.61±0.004 2、0.32±0.002 0,C组分别为0.30±0.003 6、0.48±0.001 4,D组分别为0.21±0.001 7、0.64±0.002 5。B、C、D组与A组比较,P均<0.05;D组与B、C组比较,P均<0.05。结论热疗联合顺铂可诱导小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞凋亡,其机制与降低细胞中Bcl-2表达、升高Bax表达有关。     

蒿甲醚在体外及荷瘤小鼠体内条件下抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的机制

目的:探讨蒿甲醚(artemether,ART)在体外以及荷瘤小鼠体内对于人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的杀伤作用及增殖抑制作用及具体机制.方法:采用MTT法检测不同浓度ART在体外环境下对于人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的抑制作用,采用流式细胞术对经过不同浓度的A RT处理后的人胃癌S G C-7901细胞进行细胞周期分析,检测凋亡情况.建立人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,通过计算肿瘤体积和抑瘤率探讨ART在荷瘤裸鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用.利用Western blot方法探讨ART抑制肿瘤细胞生长增殖的具体机制.结果:MTT结果显示,相比于对照组ART对该株肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤作用(P0.05),分析应用的A RT变化、作用时间和细胞不良反应变化关系发现,ART对于人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901杀伤作用呈现时间依赖和剂量依赖特性(P0.05);FCM检测结果表明,ART抑制癌细胞增殖的机制主要是在于阻滞细胞周期进程,使其细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期和诱导细胞凋亡;与对照组比较,中、高剂量ART组对人胃癌S G C-7901细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长抑制效果最明显(P0.05),抑瘤率分别为34.5%和41.0%.Westernblot法检测发现A R T处理后细胞增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cellnuclearantigen,P C N A)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白表达量下降,Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2associated X protein,Bax)蛋白表达量上升(P0.05).结论:ART对人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901有较明显的细胞毒效应,且具有时间依赖性和剂量依赖性;其抑制作用与阻滞细胞周期进程和诱导细胞凋亡有关.ART对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长具有明显的抑制作用,ART阻滞细胞周期进程和诱导细胞凋亡可能与抑制PCNA、Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进Bax蛋白表达相关.     

藤梨根提取物抗肺癌作用的体内实验研究

目的研究藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物对肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,探讨其可能机制。方法用肺癌A549细胞建立肺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组、治疗组（高剂量组、低剂量组）。根据瘤体积变化绘制移植瘤生长曲线,根据终末瘤质量比较计算抑制率,移植瘤细胞凋亡指数检测采用TUNEL法,移植瘤细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白、Ki-67抗原表达检测采用免疫组化SP法,RT-PCR检测移植瘤Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达。结果各治疗组经藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物治疗后移植瘤生长缓慢,治疗结束时治疗组移植瘤质量及瘤体积明显低于对照组（P均〈0.01）,高、低剂量组的瘤质量抑制率分别为69.00%和45.09%。治疗组移植瘤细胞透射电镜下均可见不同阶段典型的凋亡细胞形态学变化。各治疗组移植瘤组织凋亡指数明显高于对照组,而增殖指数明显减低,Bcl-2 mR-NA及蛋白表达较对照组亦明显减少,Bax蛋白及mRNA表达较对照组明显增加,高剂量组尤其明显（P均〈0.01）。结论藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物对肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长有抑制作用,其机制与抑制移植瘤细胞的增殖活性和诱导癌细胞凋亡有关,而降低Bcl-2基因表达、上调Bax基因表达可能是其诱导细胞凋亡机制之一。     

肺癌肿瘤抑制因子1对膀胱癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及机制

目的 观察肺癌肿瘤抑制因子1(TSLC1)对膀胱癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法将TSLC1过表达人膀胱癌T24细胞株(Ad-TSLC1-T24组)、空载体对照T24细胞株(Ad-T24组)及空白对照T24细胞株(T24组)种植于裸鼠皮下,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,种植细胞5周处死全部裸鼠留取肿瘤组织标本,测量肿瘤体积,称量瘤重,计算抑瘤率,光镜观察移植瘤组织病理变化,RT-PCR法检测移植瘤组织中TSLC1、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)mRNA表达,Western blotting法检测移植瘤组织中TSLC1、Bcl-2、Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果 肿瘤生长曲线显示Ad-TSLC1-T24组移植瘤生长明显慢于Ad-T24组及T24组,种植细胞5周Ad-TSLC1-T24组肿瘤体积及质量低于Ad-T24组及T24组(P均<0.05),抑瘤率高于Ad-T24组(P<0.05)。HE染色结果显示,Ad-TSLC1-T24组移植瘤细胞出现明显的核固缩、核碎裂等凋亡现象。与Ad-T24组、T24组比较,Ad-TSLC1-T24组移植瘤中TSLC1、Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量增加,Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量降低(P均<0.05)。结论 TSLC1过表达可抑制膀胱癌裸鼠移植瘤生长,其机制可能与上调Caspase-3表达和下调Bcl-2表达促进了肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

乙酰肝素酶反义寡核苷酸对裸鼠人食管鳞癌移植瘤的抑制作用

目的 研究乙酰肝素酶(Hpa)抑制剂反义脱氧寡核苷酸(ASODN)对食管癌裸鼠移植瘤的体内抑瘤作用.方法采用低分化食管鳞癌细胞TE-13接种裸鼠,构建食管癌皮下侵袭模型,随机分为1mg/kg ASODN组(A组)、2mg/kg ASODN组(B组)和生理盐水(NS,2ml/kg)对照组(C组),每组5只,分别在肿瘤接种区皮下注射相应剂量的ASODN和NS.观察肿瘤体积和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD),采用RT-PCR和免疫组化染色检测移植瘤中Hpa的表达.结果接种后第6天,所有裸鼠在接种部位均长出肿瘤.接种后第21天,A、B组肿瘤体积较C组明显缩小(P<0.01),A、B组抑瘤率分别为50.27%和49.67%.A、B组MVD较c组明显降低(P<0.01).A、B、C组Hpa mRNA阳性表达分别为0.43±0.01、0.45±0.12、1.33±0.05,Hpa蛋白阳性表达分别为45.60±4.57、43.40±7.80、121.20±11.90.A、B组Hpa mRNA、蛋白表达均较C组降低(P<0.01).结论应用ASODN可以抑制肿瘤生长,其作用机制可能在于抑制肿瘤Hpa mRNA、蛋白合成,从而抑制肿瘤血管新生.2mg/kg与1mg/kg Hpa ASODN比较,未能显示更强的抑瘤效果.     

音乐疗法与运动疗法对老年小鼠海马细胞凋亡影响的比较

目的探究音乐疗法与运动疗法对老年小鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响。方法昆明种10月龄雄性老年小鼠32只随机分为对照组(A组)、大强度运动组(B组)、中等强度运动组(C组)和音乐组(D组)各8只。A组正常饲养,B组和C组每周进行5次不同强度运动干预,D组每周进行5次音乐干预。实验8 w后,采用Tunnel免疫组化法观察小鼠海马组织凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤(Bcl)-2、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和海马神经凋亡情况。结果与A相比较,C组和D组海马神经元Bcl-2表达显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),D组Bax表达显著降低(P0.05),C组和D组凋亡细胞数显著减少(P0.05,P0.01)。与B组比较,C组和D组海马神经元Bcl-2表达显著升高(P0.05),D组Bax表达显著降低(P0.05),海马凋亡细胞数显著减少(P0.01)。与C组比较,D组海马凋亡细胞数显著减少(P0.05)。结论音乐疗法和中等强度运动疗法有助于减少老年小鼠海马细胞凋亡,提示音乐疗法和中等强度运动疗法对神经退行性疾病有一定的防治作用,音乐疗法效果更好。     

核糖核酸干扰缺氧诱导因子-1α对食管鳞癌细胞的抑制效果研究

目的 探讨人食管鳞癌细胞系Eca-109中RNA干扰抑制缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α的体内、外实验效果.方法 用针对HIF-1α mRNA的小发夹RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体转染人食管鳞癌细胞Eca-109,检测HIF-1α、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、葡萄糖载体蛋白(GLUT)-1表达,挑选干扰效果最好的细胞命名为Eca-109/shRNA,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率.6周龄BALB/C裸鼠30只,按皮下注入细胞不同均分为三组,A组为Eca-109,B组为转染空质粒Eca-109(Eca-109/Neo),C组为Eca-109/shRNA.观察肿瘤出现时间,测量裸鼠体质量、瘤体大小,计算肿瘤体积.28 d后处死全部裸鼠,取瘤体称重.用Western印迹法检测肿瘤组织HIF-1α蛋白、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、凋亡抑制蛋白bcl-2和生存素的表达.结果 Eca-109/shRNA细胞的HIF-1α蛋白表达明显被抑制,同时MMP-2,GLUT-1表达也明显下调,细胞凋亡率为(21.32±1.12)%,比Eca-109细胞和Eca-109/Neo细胞[(1.17±0.85)%和(5.31±1.46)%]明显升高(P＜0.01).A、B组裸鼠接种1周左右成瘤,C组裸鼠2周左右成瘤,成瘤时间较A、B组延迟,且瘤体生长减慢.28 d后移植瘤体积:A组为(1.29±0.34)cm3,B组为(1.19±0.35)cm3,C组为(0.45±0.20)cm3.瘤重:A组为(0.73±0.13)g,B组为(0.71±0.15)g,C组为(0.21±0.11)g.C组与A、B组比较移植瘤体积和瘤重差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),抑瘤率达65%.Western印迹检测蛋白表达,C组HIF-1α、VEGF、bcl-2和生存素表达均比A、B组明显减少(P值均＜0.01).结论 在食管癌Eca-109细胞中利用RNA干扰HIF-1α能抑制肿瘤生长,其机制为抑制VEGF介导的肿瘤血管生成和无氧糖酵解,可能与影响bcl-2和生存素的表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡有关.     

rshCD_（40）L、IFN-γ对食管癌Eca109、Eca9706、TE13细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的观察可溶性重组人CD40L（rshCD40L）、IFN-γ对食管癌Eca109、Eca 9706、TE13细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法取正常培养的食管鳞癌细胞株Eca109、Eca 9706、TE13,分别用PBS、100 U/ml IFN-γ、100 ng/ml rsh-CD40L、100 U/ml IFN-γ＋100 ng/ml rshCD40L培养,分别为A、B、C、D组。用MTT法测算各组细胞增殖抑制率,用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡率。结果 C组Eca109、Eca9706、TE13细胞增殖抑制率分别为40.6%±4.2%、31.5%±5.7%、44.6%±6.7%,明显高于A、B组（P均〈0.05）;D组分别为56.7%±4.9%、41.2%±6.2%、51.6%±5.2%,均高于C组（P均〈0.05）。C组Eca109、Eca9706、TE13细胞凋亡率分别为33.6%±3.7%、30.5%±2.8%和37.6%±4.9%,明显高于A、B组（P均〈0.05）;D组分别为43.7%±4.7%、34.2%±5.1%、41.5%±5.7%,均高于C组（P均〈0.05）。结论 rshCD40L能促进食管癌Eca109、Eca9706、TE13细胞凋亡,并抑制其增殖。IFN-γ可增强这一作用。     

腺病毒携带凋亡素和内皮抑素双基因对小鼠肝癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨肝癌基因治疗的新方法。方法建立C57BL／6j小鼠皮下种植性肝癌模型,随机分为A、B、C、D组各8只。A组注射腺病毒携带凋亡素和内皮抑素双基因,B组注射腺病毒携带凋亡素单基因,C组注射腺病毒携带绿色荧光蛋白基因,D组注射生理盐水。治疗后连续12d监测各组肿瘤体积,计算抑瘤率,RT-PCR法检测肿瘤组织中凋亡素、内皮抑素mRNA表达;TUNEL染色法检测肿瘤组织的原位凋亡并计算凋亡指数。结果治疗后第7天A组肿瘤体积明显小于其他各组,抑瘤率明显高于其他各组（P均〈0．05）;A组肿瘤组织中有凋亡素和内皮抑素mRNA表达,B组肿瘤组织中有凋亡素mRNA表达;A组凋亡指数明显高于其他各组,P〈0．05。结论腺病毒携带凋亡素和内皮抑素双基因能显著抑制小鼠肝癌细胞生长并能诱导其凋亡;该病毒有望用于肝癌的基因治疗。     

Cooperative inhibitory effect of sinomenine combined with 5-fluorouracil on esophageal carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effects of sinomenine(SIN)combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:Esophageal carcinoma(Eca-109)cells were cultured in DMEM.The single or combined growth inhibition effects of SIN and 5-FU on the Eca-109 cells were examined by measuring the absorbance of CCK-8dye in living cells.Hoechst 33258 staining and an Annexin V/PI apoptosis kit were used to detect the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis.Western blotting was used to investigate the essential mechanism underlying SIN and 5-FU-induced apoptosis.SIN at 25mg/kg and 5-FU at 12 mg/kg every 3 d,either combined or alone,was injected into nude mice and tumor growth inhibition and side effects of the drug treatment were observed.RESULTS:SIN and 5-FU,both in combination and individually,significantly inhibited the proliferation of Eca-109 cells and induced obvious apoptosis.Furthermore,the combined effects were greater than those of the individual agents(P<0.05).Annexin V/PI staining and Hoechst 33258 staining both indicated that the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by SIN and 5-FU combined or alone were significantly different from the control(P<0.05).The up-regulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 showed that the essential mechanism of apoptosis induced by SIN and 5-FU occurs via the mitochondrial pathway.SIN and 5-FU alone significantly inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts in vivo,and the combined inhibition rate was even higher(P<0.05).During the course of chemotherapy,no obvious side effects were observed in the liver or kidneys.CONCLUSION:The combined effects of SIN and 5-FU on esophageal carcinoma were superior to those of the individual compounds,and the drug combination did not increase the side effects of chemotherapy.     

Effects of endogenous nitric oxide induced by 5-fluorouracil and L-Arg on liver carcinoma in nude mice

AIM： To study the effects of endogeous nitric oxide induced by 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） and L-arginine （L-Arg） on the human liver carcinoma model in nude mice. METHODS： The human liver carcinoma model in nude mice was established with BEL-7402 cells and normal saline （NS）, 5-FU and 5-FU ＋ L-Arg injected intraperitoneally. The tumor size was measured. The necrotic degree and range were observed under microscope. The apoptosis of cancer cell was detected by turmina deoxynucleotidyl transferanse mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. Immunohistochemical method was performed to determine the expression of iNOS, P16, BAX. The chemical colorimetry was used to test the activity and nitrate reductase method was adopted to test the concentration of nitric oxide （NO） in the tumor tissue. The BI2000 pathological image analyzer was used to analyze the result of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： 5-FU combined with L-Arg could inhibit the tumor growth apparently. In NS, 5-FU and 5-FU＋L- Arg groups, the changes of tumor volumes were 257.978 ± 59.0, 172.232 ± 66.0 and 91.523 ± 26.7 mm3, respectively （P 〈 0.05 5-FU vs 5-FU ± L-Arg group;P 〈 0.05 NS ys 5-FU ± L-Arg group; P 〈 0.05, NS ys 5-FU group）. The necrotic range and apoptosis index were significantly increased after the drug injection. The necrotic range was biggest in 5-FU ＋ L-Arg group （X^2= 15.963, P 〈 0.05）. The apoptosis indexes were as follows： NS, 17.4% ± 6.19%; 5-FU, 31.3% ± 12.3%; and 5-FU ± L-Arg, 46% ± 15.24% （P 〈 0.05, 5-FU ys 5-FU ± L-Arg; P 〈 0.05, NS ys 5-FU ± L-Arg; P 〈 0.05, NS ys 5-FU）. The expression and activity of iNOS were increased in the tumor tissue. The concentration of NO was also increased. F of opticaldensity of iNOS, iNOS activity and NO concentration are 31.693, 21.949, and 33.909, respectively, P 〈 0.05. The concentration of NO was related to the expression of PI6 and BAX. The correlation coefficient was 0.764 and 0.554. CONCLUSION： 5-FU combined with L-Arg can inhi     

IQ-G-OBzl 对人食管癌细胞体内外抑制作用的研究

目的：探讨N-异喹啉-3-羧酸-L-甘氨酸苄酯（ IQ-G-OBzl）对人食管癌细胞的体内外抑制作用。｀方法①体外实验：人食管癌细胞分为5-FU组、L-甘氨酸苄酯组、3-羧酸异喹啉组及IQ-G-OBzl组,分别采用相应药物干预;MTT法检测药物对细胞的IC50值;流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧（ ROS）水平。②体内实验：制作115只小鼠食管癌移植瘤模型,分为生理盐水组、IQ-G-OBzl组、L-甘氨酸苄酯组、3-羧酸异喹组及5-FU组,分别给予相应药物干预后计算抑瘤率。结果在体外实验中IQ-G-OBzl 组的IC50高于5-FU组,但低于L-甘氨酸苄酯组、3-羧酸异喹啉组（P＜0．05）;IQ-G-OBzl组细胞内ROS水平明显高于L-甘氨酸苄酯组、3-羧酸异喹组及生理盐水组（P＜0．05）。体内实验中IQ-G-OBzl组抑瘤率高于L-甘氨酸苄酯组及3-羧酸异喹组（P＜0．05）。结论 IQ-G-OBzl体内、外均有抗食管癌作用;其作用机制可能为升高细胞内ROS水平。     

苦参碱联合5-氟尿嘧啶对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的　研究苦参碱和5 -氟尿嘧啶(5- FU)联用对人胃腺癌SGC 7901裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及骨髓毒性作用。方法　将42只Balb/c小鼠分为阴性对照组(12 只)、5- FU组(6 只)、苦参碱A组(50 mg/kg,6只)、苦参碱B组(100 mg/kg,6只)、联合用药A组(苦参碱50 mg/kg+5 -FU,6只)和联合用药B组(苦参碱100 mg/kg+5 -FU,6只)。观察苦参碱和5 -FU联合用药对胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用,计算出相对肿瘤体积(RTV)和肿瘤抑制率(IR);取裸鼠骨髓,计数有核细胞数并进行骨髓集落培养。结果　联合用药B 组抑瘤作用为70. 4%,与其他各组相比疗效明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与联合用药A组相比,联合用药B组抑瘤作用亦显著增强(P<0.05)。联合用药组对骨髓的抑制作用与5 FU组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。骨髓集落培养后,与对照组相比,用药组骨髓集落明显生长旺盛。结论　苦参碱和5 -FU联用对人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用明显优于两者单独应用;联合用药对裸鼠骨髓增殖期造血细胞抑制作用有所加重,但不损伤静止期骨髓干细胞。     

Expression of IL 1betaconverting enzyme in 5-FU induced apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells

AIM:To study the role of interleukin 1beta converting enzyme(ICE)in antitumor drug induced apoptosis in tumor cells.METHODS:Morphological changes in human esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells after treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were observed under light and electron microscope. Expression of ICE in the tumor cells exposed to 5-FU was examined by the immunocytochemical method.RESULTS:The cells treated with 5-FU displayed disappearance of nucleoli, chromatin gathering under nuclear envelope, karyorrhexis, budding and the formation of apoptotic bodies.The expression of ICE was negative in control cells, and 5-FU could induce the ICE expression in Eca-109 cells undergoing apoptosis. The number and the staining intensity of positive cells increased with the extension of action time.CONCLUSION: 5-FU may induce apoptosis in human esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells; ICE gene may be involved in the regulation of 5-FU induced apoptosis; and ICE protein may mediate apoptosis induced by 5-FU.     

The Expression of Msi-1 and Its Significance in Small Intestinal Mucosa Severely Damaged by High-Dose 5-FU

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to investigate the expression of musashi-1 (msi-1) and its significances in small intestinal mucosa that was severely damaged by high-dose 5-FU. METHODS: A total of 40 adult C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 8, group A) and experimental group (n = 32). The mice in the control group were treated with PBS by intraperitoneal injection, and the other mice were treated with high-dose 5-FU (150 mg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days) by intraperitoneal injection. At the 1st (group B), 3rd (group C) and 5th (group D) day after treatment with high-dose 5-FU, the dying mice were killed, HE staining and immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of the putative marker of intestinal epithelial stem cells, msi-1, in samples of the middle intestine from these mice, and the percentage of the msi-1-positive cells from the intestinal mucosal cells of the mice in group B was detected by FACS. RESULTS: After treatment with high-dose 5-FU, the intestinal mucosa suffered severe damage: the villi and crypts disappeared, the number of msi-1-positive cells increased greatly, the intestinal epithelial cells could be divided into two fractions by FACS, and the percentage of msi-1-positive cells was up to 67.75% in the fraction in which the value of FSC was higher. CONCLUSIONS: After treatment with high-dose 5-FU, the percentage of intestinal stem cells had increased significantly, which was useful for the further isolation and enrichment of intestinal epithelial stem cells.     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷联合苦参碱对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的 探讨二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)抑制核因子-κ B(NF-κ B)活化后对苦参碱抑制人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响.方法 建立人肝癌细胞HepG2裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组(灭菌等渗盐水)、苦参碱组(35 mg/kg)、PDTC组(120 mg/kg)和PDTC(120 mg/kg)+苦参碱(35 mg/kg)联合组,腹腔注射用药.绘制肿瘤生长曲线,测定肿瘤生长抑制率;TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡情况;电泳迁移率变动分析法检测细胞核内NF-κB的活化水平;免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织bcl-2和bax蛋白表达水平;RT-PCR法检测肿瘤细胞NF-κB、bcl-2和bax的mRNA表达水平.多组间比较用SNK-q检验,单独效应比较采用LSD法,相关分析采用Pearson法进行分析.结果 PDTC增强了苦参碱对肿瘤增殖的抑制作用(P＜0.05);苦参碱在诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的同时激活NF-κB;PDTC能显著抑制苦参碱诱导的NF-κB活化,NF-κB活性的灰度值由93.64±2.95降至65.78±5.65(F=124.754,P＜0.01),同时促进苦参碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡指数由55.9%±2.8%升高至74.3%±4.8%(P＜0.05).NF-κB的mRNA表达水平与bcl-2的mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.983,P＜0.01).结论苦参碱诱导皮下移植瘤细胞凋亡的同时激活NF-κB;PDTC可通过抑制NF-κB的活化而下调bcl-2的表达,改变bcl-2与bax的比值,增强苦参碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between activation of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κ B) and apoptosis induced by matrine(MT) in transplanted tumor of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mouse. Methods Tumors were established by injection of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 into the back of nude mice. The mice were divided randomly into four groups: Control group, MT group (35 mg/kg), PDTC group (120 mg/kg) and Combination group: PDTC+MT group (120 mg/kg+35 mg/kg), the reagents were injected peritoneally. The tumor growth curve of nude mice bearing transplanted tumor were observed and the inhibition ratios were evaluated. Apoptosis of carcinoma cells was analyzed by TUNEL. The DNA-bingding activity of NF-κ B was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of bcl-2 and bax in carcinoma tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method.NF-κ B mRNA, bcl-2 mRNA and bax mRNA in carcinoma tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) could enhance the inhibition of matrine on carcinoma proliferation (P＜0.05). The apoptosis and activation of NF-κB in carcinoma cells could be induced by matrine. PDTC significantly suppressed NF-κ B activation induced by matrine in carcinoma cells from 93.64±2.95 to 65.78±5.65 (F=124.754, P＜0.01). Meanwhile, PDTC increased the apoptosis induced by matrine from 55.9%±2.8%to 74.3%±4.8% (P＜0.05).A positive correlation observed between the expressions of NF-κ B and of bcl2 (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.983,P＜0.01). Conclusions Matrine could induce apoptosis and activation of NF-κ B in transplanted tumor. PDTC could increase apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells might be due to the suppression of NF-κ B activation and the enhancement of bcl-2 expression.     

Inhibitory effect of interferon-α-2b on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in human hepatocellular carcinoma inoculated in nude mice

AIM： To evaluate the effects of interferon-α-2b （IFN- α-2b） on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） inoculated in nude mice and to study the underlying mechanism of IFN-α- 2b against HCC growth. METHODS： Thirb/-two nude mice bearing human HCC were randomly divided into four groups （n = 8）. On the 10th day after implantation of HCC cells, the mice in test groups （groups A, B and C） received IFN-α- 2b at a serial dose （10000 IU for group A, 20000 IU for group B, 40000 IU for group C sc daily） for 35 d. The mice in control group received normal saline （NS）. The growth conditions of transplanted tumors were observed. Both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis of tumor cells in nude mice was detected by TUNEL assay after treatment with IFN-α-2b. RESULTS： Tumors were significantly smaller and had a lower weight in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups than those in the control group （P 〈 0.01）, and the tumor growth inhibition rate in groups A, B and C was 27.78%, 65.22% and 49.64%, respectively. The expression levels of both genes and proteins of COX-2 and VEGF were much lower in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. The apoptosis index （AI） of tumor cells in the IFN-α-2b treatment groups was markedly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. Group B had a higher inhibition rate of tumor growth, a lower expression level of COX-2 and VEGF and a higher AI than groups A and C （P 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between groups A and C. CONCLUSION： The inhibitory effects of IFN-α-2b on implanted tumor growth and apoptosis may be associated with the down-regulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression. There is a dose-effect relationship. The medium dose of IFN-α-2b for inhibiting tumor growth is 20 000 IU/d.     

Synergistic anticancer effect of exogenous wild-type p53 gene combined with 5-FU in human colon cancer resistant to 5-FU in vivo

AIM To investigate the anticancer effect of a recombinant adenovirus-mediated p53(r Ad-p53) combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) in human colon cancer resistant to 5-FU in vivo and the mechanism of r Ad-p53 in reversal of 5-FU resistance.METHODS nude mice bearing human colon cancer SW480/5-FU(5-FU resistant) were randomly assigned to four groups(n = 25 each): control group, 5-FU group, r Ad-p53 group, and r Ad-p53 + 5-FU group. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h and 168 h after treatment, 5 mice were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed using an overdose of anesthetics. The tumors were removed and the protein expressions of p53, protein kinase C(PKC), permeability-glycoprotein(P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1(MRP1)(Western blot) and apoptosis(TUNEL) were determined.RESULTS The area ratios of tumor cell apoptosis were larger in the r Ad/p53 + 5-FU group than that in the control, 5-FU and r Ad/p53 groups(P 0.05), and were larger in the r Ad/p53 group than that of the control group(P 0.05) and the 5-FU group at more than 48 h(P 0.05). The p53 expression was higher in the r Ad/p53 and the r Ad/p53 + 5-FU groups than that of the control and 5-FU groups(P 0.05), and were higher in the r Ad/p53 + 5-FU group than that of the r Ad/p53 group(P 0.05). Overexpression of PKC, P-gp and MRP1 was observed in the 5-FU and control groups. In the r Ad/p53 + 5-FU group, the expression of P-gp and MRP1 was lower that of the control and 5-FU groups(P 0.05), and the expression of PKC was lower than that of the control, 5-FU and r Ad/p53 groups at more than 48 h(P 0.05). In the r Ad/p53 group, the expression of P-gp and MRP1 was lower that of the control and 5-FU groups at more than 48 h(P 0.05), and the expression of PKC was lower than that of the control and 5-FU groups at more than 120 h(P 0.05).CONCLUSION5-FU combined with r Ad-p53 has a synergistic anticancer effect in SW480/5-FU(5-FU resistance), which contributes to reversal of 5-FU resistance.