盐酸法舒地尔治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的潜能与抗炎作用

目的：探讨盐酸法舒地尔对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的治疗效果及机制。方法：雌性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为EAE对照组、盐酸法舒地尔干预组和盐酸法舒地尔治疗组。采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白多肽诱导慢性EAE模型。干预和治疗分别在免疫后第3天和症状出现时予以腹腔注射盐酸法舒地尔,观察EAE模型小鼠体重变化和临床症状,进行苏木精-伊红和CD4＋T细胞染色,同时检测磷酸化肌球蛋白磷酸酶（p-MYPT1）和核因子（NF-κB）。结果：盐酸法舒地尔可推迟并改善EAE小鼠症状,减轻中枢神经系统炎细胞浸润,抑制脊髓和脑p-MYPT1及脊髓NF-κB的表达。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠的Iba1、IL-1β和IL-10影响

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小鼠的小胶质细胞Iba1、IL-1β和IL-10表达的影响。方法以髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白多肽35-55(MOG 35-55)免疫诱导C57BL/6雌性小鼠制备EAE小鼠模型。将30只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组:BMMSCs移植组、EAE组和正常组。采用免疫组化检测脑和脊髓的Iba1(离子钙结合衔接分子1)、IL-1β和IL-10的表达。结果 BMMSCs移植组神经功能缺损症状要轻于EAE组,BMMSCs移植组脑和脊髓的Iba1和IL-1β表达水平低于EAE组(P0.05),而BMMSCs移植组脑和脊髓的IL-10表达水平高于EAE组(P0.05)。结论 BMMSCs能改善EAE小鼠的症状,其作用机制之一可能是抑制了小胶质细胞的激活、抑制炎症因子IL-1β及促进抗炎因子IL-10的表达。     

趋化因子MCP-1、MIP-1α在EAE小鼠脊髓中的表达

目的:研究单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP)-1α与实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病的关系。方法:用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白_(35-55)多肽加福氏完全佐剂皮下注射免疫C57BL/6小鼠建立EAE模型,用免疫组织化学方法观察EAE小鼠发病后第0天(初期)、第7天(高峰期)及第30天(恢复期)脊髓中MCP-1、MIP-1α的表达的变化,并通过免疫组化染色标记星形胶质细胞及小胶质细胞,判断MCP-1、MIP-1α的细胞来源。结果: MCP-1、MIP-1α在EAE小鼠发病初期脊髓中有少量表达,发病高峰期表达增高,而恢复期无表达,MCP-1主要由星形胶质细胞产生,MIP-1α主要由小胶质细胞产生;对照组小鼠脊髓中则没有MCP-1、MIP-1α表达。结论:趋化因子MCP-1、MIP-1α在EAE小鼠CNS不同胶质细胞中表达,是EAE发病早期募集免疫反应细胞向CNS浸润的重要致炎性因子。     

雌激素受体α对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠TIMP-1及TIMP-2表达的影响

目的 以实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)作为多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的动物模型,初步探讨雌激素和雌激素受体α(estrogen receptor α,Erα)在EAE中的抗炎作用及其作用机制.方法 在小鼠侧脑室立体定位注射Erα重组慢病毒,鉴定Erα重组慢病毒在体感染中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的最佳剂量.将雌二醇及Erα重组慢病毒干预EAE小鼠与对照组比较,观察 各组小鼠的临床症状及体重的变化,通过H&E染色及Luxol fast blue-H&E染色对比各组炎症反应及脱髓鞘情况,以实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot方法检测金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(tissue-inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1)及TIMP-2.结果 15μl Erα重组慢病毒能感染小鼠CNS.与对照组相比,雌二醇及过表达Erα可以降低EAE小鼠的发病率、体重丢失及临床症状,减轻脑和脊髓中炎性细胞浸润和神经纤维的髓鞘脱失,在发病急性期增加TIMP-1及TIMP-2,减轻在缓解期TIMP-1、TIMP-2的病理性表达增高.结论 雌激素及Erα可以抑制EAE的炎症反应,该作用机制可能是通过增加EAE小鼠急性发病期脑组织中TIMP-1及TIMP-2实现的.     

咖啡因慢性干预对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎影响的观察

目的：探讨不同剂量咖啡因慢性干预对小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的影响及其分子免疫学机制。方法：C57BL／6小鼠随机分为CFA阴性对照组,EAE阳性对照组,咖啡因饮水干预组（1mg·k-1,10mg·kg-1,30mg·kg-1）。使用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55（MOG35-55）抗原诱导小鼠EAE模型,咖啡因干预至EAE造模后第20天与对照组小鼠同期处死为止。观察小鼠行为学变化、中枢炎症细胞浸润和损害程度、检测中枢细胞因子IL-17、IFN—γ、TGF—β的mRNA表达含量。结果：咖啡因干预组,特别是30mg·kg-1组的病情严重程度减轻,中枢炎症细胞浸润程度下降,促炎因子表达降低,抑炎因子表达上升。结论：慢性咖啡因干预,可通过降低促炎因子的表达,升高抑炎因子的表达,减轻小鼠EAE的炎症损伤。     

芬戈莫德对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脑组织基质金属蛋白酶-9表达影响的研究

目的探讨芬戈莫德对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脑组织基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。方法 48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)组、EAE组、芬戈莫德组。运用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55构建EAE小鼠模型,小鼠神经功能缺损评分达到1分或免疫第14天,芬戈莫德组腹腔注射芬戈莫德10 mg·kg-1,相应的CFA组、EAE组给予生理盐水。观察小鼠行为学变化,中枢炎症和脱髓鞘情况,脑组织中的MMP-9 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果芬戈莫德组小鼠临床症状减轻,体重下降减少,潜伏期延长,发病率降低,炎性病灶数减少,脱髓鞘程度减轻。芬戈莫德组MMP-9 m RNA和蛋白表达水平较EAE组降低。结论芬戈莫德能抑制EAE小鼠脑组织中MMP-9 mRNA及蛋白表达水平。     

新型Rho激酶抑制剂FSD-C11化合物抑制EAE的作用研究

目的探索新型Rho激酶抑制剂FSD-C11化合物治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的有效性及可能的作用机制,为今后可能的临床治疗提供实验依据。方法采用小鼠髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55(MOG35-55)多肽诱导雌性C57BL/6小鼠建立EAE模型,于免疫后第3天起FSD-C11组按体质量40mg/(kg·d)腹腔注射FSD-C11化合物,EAE组注射等量生理盐水,实验期间每天定时记录两组小鼠临床症状评分及体质量变化。免疫后第28天取小鼠脊髓进行HE和髓鞘染色,流式细胞术检测脾细胞M1和M2型巨噬细胞表型,Western blot检测脑组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和磷酸化核蛋白因子κB(p-NF-κB)的表达。结果FSD-C11化合物可延迟小鼠的起病时间,降低发病率,减轻临床症状,减少体质量丢失;与EAE组小鼠相比,FSD-C11可减少脊髓炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失(P0.05);抑制致炎性的M1型巨噬细胞,增加抗炎性和保护性的M2型巨噬细胞;抑制脑组织中iNOS和p-NF-κB蛋白的表达。结论新型Rho激酶抑制剂FSD-C11化合物在治疗EAE中显现出很好的潜力,其作用机制可能与调节巨噬细胞极性、抑制炎性反应有关。     

丹参酮Ⅱa对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠大脑GFAP和Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 观察丹参酮ⅡA对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠的治疗作用以及对大脑中胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)表达的影响.方法 把40只大鼠随机分成4组,空白对照组(Naive组)、EAE高剂量用药组(50 mg/kg,TSⅡA-H组)、EAE低剂量用药组(25 mg/kg,TSⅡA-L组)和EAE溶剂对照组(Vehicle组).EAE模型诱导后每天对大鼠进行神经功能评分和体质量测量.发病高峰期(第18天)处死大鼠并取材,分别进行H E染色和劳克坚牢蓝(LFB)染色检测大鼠脑组织炎性浸润改变和脊髓脱髓鞘情况.采用免疫组化法和免疫印迹法(West-ern Blot)检测各组大鼠脑组织中GFAP和Caspase-3的表达水平.结果 用药后TSⅡA-H组和TSⅡA-L组大鼠临床症状好转,大脑炎性细胞浸润减少,脊髓脱髓鞘的改变减轻,大脑中GFAP和Caspase-3的表达水平下降.结论 丹参酮ⅡA对EAE大鼠有治疗作用,其作用机制可能是通过下调GFAP和Caspase-3的表达来参与炎性反应和凋亡过程的调节.     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脊髓中细胞色素C和凋亡诱导因子表达的变化

目的观察实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脊髓中细胞色素C(CytC)和凋亡诱导因子(AIF)表达的变化。方法 C57BL/6小鼠12只随机分为EAE组和正常对照组。使用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白和完全弗氏佐剂混合抗原乳剂免疫C57BL/6小鼠制作EAE模型。每天2次记录各组小鼠体重和神经功能评分的变化。采用苏木精-伊红染色、髓鞘LFB染色、免疫组化染色,检测发病高峰期(免疫后第19天)小鼠脊髓的病理变化、髓鞘脱失程度、CytC和AIF的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,EAE组神经功能评分增加(P<0.01)、炎症细胞浸润增加(P<0.01)、脱髓鞘程度严重(P<0.01)、CytC和AIF表达均增加(P<0.01),而且与EAE的病情变化指标(最高症状评分、病理评分)均呈正相关关系。结论 EAE小鼠发病高峰期脊髓中CytC和AIF表达增加,提示EAE小鼠的病情变化与中枢神经系统的线粒体损伤有关。     

FTY720对EAE小鼠脑组织NO含量和iNOS表达影响的研究

目的探讨芬戈莫德(fingolimod,FTY720)对试验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脑组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)表达的影响。方法 48只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机平均分为3组,EAE组运用MOG35-55构建EAE小鼠模型;CFA组由生理盐水代替MOG35-55构建模型;FTY720干预组在EAE基础上给予FTY720腹腔注射,CFA组、EAE组给予生理盐水腹腔注射。HE染色和LBF染色观察炎症情况和脱髓鞘情况,ELLISA检测小鼠脑组织中的NO含量,RT-PCR检测的诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)mRNA表达。结果 FTY720组EAE小鼠较EAE组临床症状减轻,炎症程度和脱髓鞘程度减轻(P<0.05)。FTY720组小鼠脑组织NO含量较EAE组降低(P<0.05),i NOS mRNA表达量降低(P<0.05)。结论 FTY720能抑制EAE小鼠脑组织中i NOS mRNA表达,从而减少NO含量。     

Influence of abciximab on the adhesion of platelets on a shielded plasma gradient prepared on polyethylene

INTRODUCTION: Thrombotic effects of biomaterial implants are mediated merely through activation of the platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GpIIb-IIIa) receptor. Consequently, platelet GpIIb-IIIa receptor inhibitors are successfully used during stent implantation procedures to prevent thrombosis. However, currently a new generation of stents contains surface coating, which changes the surface to more hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This change markedly affects the interaction of platelets and may influence the efficiency of GpIIb-IIIa inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the influence of the wettability of biomaterials on the effectiveness of abciximab, 5-cm polyethylene gradients with contact angles of 100 degrees to 40 degrees were made by means of glow discharge. Fresh whole blood with or without abciximab was recirculated over this gradient. RESULTS: Inhibition of platelet adhesion by abciximab was maximal, but not complete, on the hydrophobic and moderate hydrophobic part of the gradient, with contact angles of 55 degrees to 90 degrees. Percentage inhibition by abciximab was maximal around 60 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate hydrophobicity of currently applied stent materials, such as stainless steel, seems optimal in combination with abciximab. However, on hydrophobic and particularly on hydrophilic materials, abciximab is less effective.     

Laser therapy on points of acupuncture on nerve repair

正Paresthesia is the name given to a temporary or permanent sensory loss caused by several surgical procedures that affected the peripheral sensory nerve.In dentistry,common iatrogenic procedures that can lead to sensory loss include third molar removal,blocking of the inferior alveolar nerve     

Effects of lorazepam on rate of forgetting,on retrieval from semantic memory and on manual dexterity

Using a double-blind procedure, 16 out of 32 volunteer subjects (students) each took 2.5 mg of lorazepam (Ativan) orally and the remainder took a placebo. To overcome the problem of wide variation in individual tolerance to the drug, impairment on a task unrelated to memory (a manual dexterity task) was used to divide drug subjects into a group appreciably affected by the drug. subgroup 1, and a group minimally affected, subgroup 2. Only subgroup 1 showed consistent impairment of episodic memory. Both subgroups showed some impairment in a semantic memory task (generation of words from a specified category), but this was confined to the rate at which the task was carried out. The main aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of lorazepam on the rate of forgetting of word lists when drug and control subjects' initial recall levels were equalized. There was no evidence that the drug affected rate of forgetting: this suggests that it does not affect retention. There was also no evidence that it affected retrieval, since there was no impairment in the recall of material presented before administration of the drug. Hence its locus of action is attributed to input, specifically to impaired encoding of contextual information.     

不同病房模式对精神分裂症病情影响的研究

目的探讨不同病房模式对首发精神分裂症患者病情的影响及康复情况。方法开放式病房的患者为研究组68例,同时选择住封闭式病房患者为对照组130例,对两组患者的临床资料进行比较分析。结果对照组患者入院时焦虑抑郁及敌对猜疑出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;研究组患者在第1周时焦虑抑郁已经开始改善,第2周时病情、阳性症状、一般精神病理、敌对猜疑、激活性也出现明显变化（P＜0.05）;第4周时研究组病情及各因子、认知功能及自知力显著改善,与对照组比较存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论开放式病房模式可以减少患者的负性影响,更快改善患者的认知功能,有利于患者自知力的恢复,使患者的病情达到更全面的康复。     

Efficacy of milnacipran on poststroke depression on inpatient rehabilitation

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has a negative impact on rehabilitation following stroke. No satisfactory antidepressant treatment for PSD has yet been developed. The present study examined the effect of milnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on PSD patients. Eleven PSD patients taking milnacipran in a rehabilitation hospital were compared to age-matched, sex-matched, and severity of depression at admission-matched PSD patients hospitalized during 2001 who did not take any antidepressant as historical control. Severity of depression was measured using self-rating depression scale for depression (SDS) assessed at admission and discharge after 3 months inpatient rehabilitation. Activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) were measured, respectively, by the functional independence measure (FIM) and a self-completed questionnaire for QOL (QUIK) as outcomes of rehabilitation. For the SDS score, the group taking milnacipran showed significant improvement compared to the control group in our study. FIM was improved in both groups. In the end QUIK did not change significantly in either group. We found no major side-effects of milnacipran among the patients. These results suggest that milnacipran is a safe and effective treatment for PSD for inpatients undergoing rehabilitation.     

Certain predictions on the effectiveness of l-DOPA on parkinsonism

Summary Sixty nine patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with L-DOPA for more than a year. L-DOPA produced remarkable improvement in akinetic patients, moderate improvement in rigidity and slight improvement in tremor. The degree of improvement in akinesia, rigidity and tremor tended to be reversely related to the severity of the disease. Rigidity and akinesia improved better in young patients, but there was no correlation between age and the response of tremor to the treatment. Except for rigidity there was no correlation between the improvement and the duration of the disease.

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Zusammenfassung 69 Parkinsonpatienten wurden während mehr als 1 Jahr mit L-DOPA behandelt. Es wurde dadurch bei akinetischen Patienten eine beachtliche, bei Patienten mit Rigor eine mäßige und bei Patienten mit Tremor eine geringfügige Besserung erreicht. Das Ausmaß der Besserung war in allen drei Formen um so geringer, je ausgeprägter die Symptome bei Behandlungsbeginn waren. Rigor und Akinesie sprachen bei jungen Patienten besser auf die Therapie an, aber es bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Alter der Patienten und der Beeinflußbarkeit des Tremors durch die L-DOPA-Therapie. Außer für den Rigor bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Ausmaß der Besserung und der Dauer der Erkrankung vor Behandlungsbeginn.