急性脑梗死患者血清YKL-40、hs-CRP水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块与人类软骨糖蛋白-39(YKL-40)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量的关系.方法 选取130例急性脑梗死患者和30例正常对照者检测血清YKL40、hs-CRP水平.对急性脑梗死患者结合颈动脉超声检查结果,分为颈动脉IMT正常组30例、颈动脉IMT增厚组30例、颈动脉斑块组70例,其中稳定斑块37例,不稳定斑块33例,测定并比较各组血清YKL40、hs-CRP水平.结果 急性脑梗死组血清YKL40、hs-CRP水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);在急性脑梗死患者中,有颈动脉粥样硬化组血清YKL-40、hs-CRP水平较颈动脉IMT正常组明显升高(P＜0.01),颈动脉IMT斑块形成组血清YKL-40、hs-CRP水平较颈动脉IMT增厚组明显升高(P＜0.01),颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块组血清YKL-40、hs-CRP水平显著高于稳定斑块组;线性相关分析表明YKL-40水平和hs-CRP水平无明显相关性(r=0.04,P＞0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:YKL-40、hs-CRP是发生颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(OR=1.128,95％C1 1.21～1.87;OR=2.62,95％ CI1.76 ～4.47).结论 YKL-40、hs-CRP可能反映急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症程度以及斑块的不稳定程度,病变越重,斑块越不稳定,YKL-40、hs-CRP水平越高,且YKL-40水平独立于hs-CRP水平.     

血清MMP-9与脑梗死患者及其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系研究

目的检测具有不同性质颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死患者的血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平,探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及相关炎性标志物MMP-9水平与脑梗死的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检查48例颈内动脉系统的急性脑梗死患者（CI组）颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,同时检测患者血清MMP-9水平,并与20例慢性脑供血不足患者（CCCI组）及20例体检健康者（对照组）比较;根据斑块性质将CI组分为不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组及无斑块组3个亚组,并进行组内比较。结果脑梗死组斑块检出率、不稳定斑块率及血清MMP9水平均明显高于慢性脑供血不足组及对照组（P〈0．05）;脑梗死不稳定斑块组MMP-9水平显著高于脑梗死稳定斑块组,脑梗死稳定斑块组高于脑梗死无斑块组（P〈0．01）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及其稳定性与脑梗死发生有密切关系,具有不同性质颈动脉斑块的脑梗死患者的血清MMP-9水平存在差异,MMP-9可能是不稳定性粥样硬化斑块及脑梗死的一个潜在的血清标志物。     

急性脑梗死患者血清Angpls 2水平对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清Angpls 2水平对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响。方法选取2014-03—2017-04在郑州大学第五附属医院神经内科住院治疗的初诊急性脑梗死患者191例,根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为稳定性斑块组(n=57)、不稳定性斑块组(n=69)和无斑块组(n=65),同期,选取健康者45例作为对照组,收集临床资料,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清Angptl 2水平。结果急性脑梗死患者血清Angptl 2水平为(3. 74±0. 97)ng/mL,对照组为(1. 14±0. 17) ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=17. 871,P=0. 000);不稳定性斑块组TC、LDL-C、hs-CRP和Angptl 2均高于稳定性斑块组和无斑块组,而HDL-C低于稳定性斑块组和无斑块组,且稳定性斑块组Angptl 2高于无斑块组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); Pearson相关分析显示,急性脑梗死患者血清Angptl 2水平与LDL-C和hs-CRP均呈正相关(r=0. 234和0. 618; P=0. 001和0. 000),而与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0. 183,P=0. 011);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,hs-CRP和血清Angptl 2水平是影响颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的独立风险因素(P0. 05); ROC曲线分析显示,血清Angptl 2水平在判定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性时,曲线下面积0. 900(95%CI:0. 848～0. 953),当血清Angptl 2取4. 16ng/mL时,灵敏度79. 7%,特异度87. 7%。结论急性脑梗死患者血清Angptl 2水平升高,且与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性有关,是影响颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的独立风险因素。     

急性脑梗死患者血清IL-35、MMP-9与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清白细胞介素-35(IL-35)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系。方法选择急性脑梗死患者89例,应用彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉斑块,根据颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性分为易损斑块组和稳定斑块组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血清IL-35、MMP-9水平,并分析IL-35、MMP-9与斑块稳定性的关系。结果颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块组的患者41例,稳定斑块组的患者48例。易损斑块组血清IL-35水平(17.89±7.21 ng/ml)明显高于稳定斑块组(9.08±3.45 ng/ml)(P<0.05)。MMP-9水平易损斑块组(430.36±72.78 ng/ml)亦显著高于稳定斑块组(305.16±45.63 ng/ml)(P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论脑梗死患者血清IL-35、MMP-9水平可能与颈动脉斑块稳定性有关。     

老年脑梗死病人血脂与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块超声特征及相关性研究

目的：分析并评价老年脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块超声与血脂指标之间的相关性。方法将我院自2010-03-2012-04收治的420例老年脑梗死住院病人作为观察组,另将我院同期住院的420例非脑梗死病人作为对照组,比较2组血脂指标;同时按超声检查结果,将420例脑梗死病人根据颈动脉是否存在斑块情况分成有斑块组（306例）与无斑块组（114例）,分析颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生与各血脂指标之间的相关性。结果观察组颈动脉斑块检出率为76·9％（323例）,对照组检出率为18·1％（76例）,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝11·452,P＜0·01）。观察组血清中TG、TC、apoB、LDL-C及LPa水平明显高于对照组（t＝7·451,9·043,7·054,6·953,7·439,P＜0·01或＜0·05）,而血清中HDL-C及apoA水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t＝8·151,8·042,P＜0·05）。观察组中颈动脉有斑块组血清中TG、LDL-C、Lpa以及apoB含量明显高于无斑块组,血清中LDL-C及LPa含量与颈动脉粥样硬化间呈正相关（P＜0·05）。结论 LDL-C与LPα水平升高是诊断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的主要指标,超声联合血脂检测对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的早期诊断、指导治疗及预防具有重要参考价值。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的相关分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生与相关因素。方法应用美国ATL-5000彩色多普勒超声诊断仪，分别对急性脑梗死组（120例）和对照组（45例）行颈动脉超声检测，观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生与血糖、血脂、血浆纤维蛋白原的关系。结果急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率为82．5％，对照组为33．3％，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于分叉处；梗死侧颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率高于非梗死侧；两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；年龄、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原和低密度脂蛋白升高是脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死有密切相关性。超声检查能早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化。对有效预防脑梗死的发生有重要意义。急性脑梗死患者普遍有颈动脉粥样斑块的形成，是急性脑梗死发病的重要因素之一。     

血清TC、TG及ox-LDL水平与急性非心源性脑梗死患者颈动脉易损斑块的相关性

目的 探讨血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)水平与急性非心源性脑梗死患者颈动脉易损斑块的相关性。方法 103例急性非心源性脑梗死患者依据颈动脉斑块稳定性分为稳定组(n=61)与易损组(n=42)。比较两组基础资料信息及实验室指标差异,通过多因素Logistic回归分析明确颈动脉易损斑块形成的危险因素。结果 易损组合并糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症患者占比显著高于稳定组,血清TC、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ox-LDL水平显著高于稳定组,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于稳定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析证实血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、ox-LDL均能用于急性非心源性脑梗死患者颈动脉易损斑块形成的预测,且均有P<0.05。经多因素Logistic回归分析证实,合并糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症及TC≥5.455 mmol/L、TG≥1.305 mmol/L、LDL-C≥2.655 mmol/L、HDL-C≤1.230 mmol/L、ox-LDL≥457.765μg/L...     

不稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响因素分析

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性与外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板及空腹血糖、血脂、尿酸的关系。方法不稳定斑块组83例,同期稳定斑块组75例,比较两组外周血各指标的差异。采用Logistic回归分析颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的危险因素。绘制ROC曲线。结果不稳定斑块组中性粒细胞数、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸高于稳定组(P 0. 05);不稳定斑块组淋巴细胞数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A低于稳定组(P 0. 05)。采用Logistic回归分析:PDW(OR=1. 321,P=0. 022)、血糖(OR=1. 612,P=0. 023)、尿酸(OR=1. 010,P=0. 004)是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素。结论 PDW、血糖、尿酸是不稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的独立危险因素。     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清高敏C反应蛋白水平的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、急性脑梗死之间的关系.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声检测仪对58例急性脑梗死患者及35例健康对照者进行颈动脉超声检查,观测颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)、粥样斑块类型,同时检测血清hs-CRP水平.结果 脑梗死组患者血清hs-CRP、颈动脉IMT及粥样斑块发生率较对照组明显增加(P＜0.05);脑梗死患者中不稳定斑块、稳定斑块、无斑块组血清hs-CRP水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清hs-CRP水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关.结论 颈动脉IMT、粥样硬化斑块、血清hs-CRP与脑梗死有密切的关系,hs-CRP能反映颈动脉粥样硬化的程度及斑块的稳定性.     

血清五聚素3、超敏C反应蛋白、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平以及微栓子信号与大动脉粥样硬化型急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的相关研究

目的探讨血清五聚素3(PTX3)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LpPLA2)水平以及微栓子信号(MES)与大动脉粥样硬化型急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系。方法依据中国缺血性卒中亚型分型(CISS),选取起病72 h内大动脉粥样硬化型急性脑梗死患者78例,使用二维彩色多普勒超声检测仪对颈动脉斑块的解剖和病理类型进行分析,将患者分为不稳定斑块组(40例)和稳定斑块组(38例),并同期从体检中心选取健康成人30名作为对照组。测定所有观察对象血清PTX3、hsCRP以及Lp-PLA2水平,分析各组间三种血液学指标水平的差异,并分别对三种血液学指标水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性进行相关性分析。对不稳定斑块组和稳定斑块组患者行TCD监测,分析两组之间MES检出率的差异。结果不稳定斑块组及稳定斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平及高血压的比例均明显高于对照组(均P0.05);不稳定斑块组他汀类用药史的比例明显高于对照组,血清PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平明显高于稳定斑块组(均P0.05)。不稳定斑块组的MES检出率显著高于稳定斑块组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,血清PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平是与斑块稳定性密切相关的影响因素(均P0.05)。血清PTX3水平预测斑块稳定性的ROC曲线下面积为0.963(P0.05),其临界值为2.57 ng/m L时,灵敏度为78.9%,特异度为84.2%。血清Lp-PLA2水平预测斑块稳定性的ROC曲线下面积为0.927(P0.05),其临界值为54.35μg/L时,灵敏度为72.9%,特异度为81.6%。结论血清PTX3、Lp-PLA2水平可能是预测颈动脉斑块稳定性的生物学指标。MES监测对于颈动脉斑块的稳定性评估具有一定的临床意义。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Investigating the construct validity of the SPAI-C: comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the SPAI-C and the SAS-A

Investigates the construct validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with another self-report measure of social anxiety, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Participants were 252 adolescents (124 males and 128 females) 13-17 years old. Adolescents completed the SPAI-C and the SAS-A and were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child Version (ADIS-IV:C). Parents were also interviewed and composite diagnoses were formed. Youth were classified as socially phobic or non-anxious based on these composite diagnoses. By comparing clinical cutoff scores with diagnostic group classification, the sensitivity and the specificity of the SPAI-C and SAS-A were compared. Results indicated that the SPAI-C was a more sensitive measure than the SAS-A (61.5% vs. 43.6%) providing evidence of the scale's construct validity. The two measures were similar with regard to specificity (82.7% for both). Implications of these results for assessment and research are discussed.     

Afferent and sympathetic innervation of the dome and the base of the urinary bladder of the female rat.

The afferent and sympathetic innervation of different regions of the urinary bladder (bladder dome vs. bladder base) was examined in the female rat using simultaneous injections of two fluorescent tracers. Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L1-L3 and L6-S1), the sympathetic chain (SC; T12-L6), the inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) and the major pelvic ganglia (MPG). There were very few double-labeled cells, indicating that the dome and the base of the bladder receive innervation (afferent or sympathetic) from separate and distinct neuronal populations. Most of the sympathetic innervation of the bladder arose from the SC (dome: 77%; base: 89%) and it was carried equally by the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. The distributions of SC postganglionic neurons innervating the dome and the base of the bladder were very similar. In contrast, the contribution of IMG neurons was almost entirely restricted to the dome of the bladder (22%), with less than 1% innervating the base. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH) neurons in the MPG displayed a strong sexual dimorphism. Many TH neurons were found in the male MPG, but very few in the female MPG. In the female, these TH neurons projected almost exclusively to the bladder base of the female rat and were responsible for 10% of the sympathetic innervation of the base. Less than 1% innervated the dome. Therefore, prevertebral ganglia (IMG and MPG) show a strong regional selectivity in the innervation of the bladder of the female rat. The possible functional implications of this organization are discussed.     

Fibrous xanthomas and xanthosarcomas of the meninges and the brain

Summary Three cases of intracranial fibrous xanthomas and a case of multicentric cerebral xanthosarcoma are reported. All three fibrous xanthomas developed in the temporal area of boys in their early teens, one was within the leptomeninges (without dural attachment), the other two involved meninges and the superficial portions of the temporal lobe itself. These tumors were characterized by mono- and multinucleated cells with morphological features of histiocytes, Touton type giant cells and a storiform pattern in areas of spindleshaped tumor cells.Because of cellular atypism, giant cells and mitotic figures such tumors may suggest the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme but the absence of glial fibers, negative Cajal impregnation, presence of reticulin fibers in close proximity to tumor cells and the morphological similarity to the bizarre cells found in atypical xanthofibromas of the skin and soft tissues help to establish the diagnosis. Since the menigeal forms are probably derived from local meningeal mesenchyme, occasional abortive whorls and pseudopsammoma bodies may be encountered, the overall picture, however, is very different from meningiomas. Two patients had a 2.5 and a 12 year long symptomfree survival, respectively. The third boy had a local recurrence 14 months after initial removal which was excised and the patient is presently doing well.The xanthosarcoma first developed in the right frontal lobe of a 26 year old woman. This tumor was almost exclusively made up of various sized anaplastic cells filled with birefringent lipids. It is suggested that this tumor which had a diffuse network of reticulin, had originated from primitive adventitial cells. It was histologically more malignant than the first three and the patient died within a year after removal of the frontal lobe tumor, from a second mass in the cerebellum. The relationship of this tumor to glioblastomas and to other types of giant cell sarcomas is discussed.This paper was presented in part at the 6th International Congress of Neuropathology in Paris, France, on August 31, 1970.