Smad4蛋白在前列腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:研究前列腺癌组织中Smad4蛋白表达情况及意义.方法:应用免疫组化的方法对49例前列腺癌组织和12例正常前列腺组织中Smad4蛋白的表达进行检测.结果:Smad4蛋白在正常前列腺组织中的阳性表达为83.3%(10/12),在T1～T2期前列腺癌中的阳性表达为52.4%(11/21),在T3～T4期的阳性表达为42.8%(12/28),后两者与正常前列腺组织相比差异具有统计学意义,P＜0.05.在高分化腺癌中阳性表达为56.5%(13/23),中分化腺癌中阳性表达为44.4%(8/18),低分化腺癌中阳性表达为25%(2/8),低分化和中分化的前列腺癌与正常前列腺组织相比均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:Smad4在低分化,高分期中表达减少可能与前列腺癌的发生、发展和预后有关.     

前列腺癌组织中PSMA基因及蛋白的表达

目的: 检测前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate specific membrane antigen,PSMA)基因及蛋白在前列腺癌组织中的表达?方法:分别采用半定量RT-PCR法及免疫组织化学法检测52例前列腺癌组织及35例前列腺增生组织中PSMA基因及蛋白的表达情况?结果:①PSMA在前列腺癌及前列腺增生组织中表达阳性率分别为84.6%(44/52)及68.6%(24/35),虽然前列腺癌组织中PSMA表达阳性率高于前列腺增生组织,但两组阳性率间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)?PSMA mRNA半定量结果在两组间存在差异,癌组织中PSMA的表达量明显高于增生组织中的表达(P < 0.05)?②前列腺癌组织中PSMA蛋白表达总阳性率高达94.2%,明显高于增生组织中的阳性率(65.7%),且以++~+++居多?结论:PSMA基因及蛋白的表达在前列腺癌组织均高于前列腺增生组织,提示其可作为前列腺癌诊断指标?     

Claudin-5 E-cad蛋白在前列腺腺癌中的表达及其病理意义

目的 研究紧密连接蛋白Claudin-5、上皮性钙黏连蛋白(E-cad)在前列腺腺癌中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法 收集苏北人民医院2010~2015年前列腺腺癌穿刺或手术切除标本213份、良性前列腺增生标本60份,采用免疫组化PV-6000法检测前列腺腺癌及前列腺良性增生组织中Claudin-5、E-cad蛋白的表达情况.结果 213例前列腺腺癌组织中,Claudin-5的阳性表达率为76.5%,E-cad的阳性表达率为53.5%;60例前列腺良性增生组织中,Claudin-5的阳性率为88.3%,E-cad的阳性表达率为96.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Claudin-5、E-cad蛋白的阳性表达与前列腺腺癌的Gleason评分/预后分级、血清PSA值呈负相关性(r=-0.274、-0.334,P<0.05),前列腺腺癌组织中Claudin-5蛋白与E-cad蛋白的表达呈正相关性(r=0.491,P<0.05).Claudin-5、E-cad蛋白在有远处转移的前列腺癌组织中与无远处转移的前列腺癌组织中的阳性表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 Claudin-5、E-cad蛋白与前列腺腺癌的发生、发展、转移有关,检测Claudin-5、E-cad蛋白的表达有助于临床预测预后.     

人端粒酶逆转录酶在良性前列腺增生?前列腺上皮内瘤及前列腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨人端粒酶逆转录酶在良性前列腺增生?前列腺上皮内瘤及前列腺癌组织中的原位表达及其意义?方法:收集良性前列腺增生15例?前列腺上皮内瘤11例及前列腺癌17例?应用免疫组织化学法检测组织中人端粒酶逆转录酶的原位表达,分析良性前列腺增生?前列腺上皮内瘤及前列腺癌中的表达差异并探讨Gleason评分与人端粒酶逆转录酶表达强度的相关性?统计学分析采用Fisher确切概率法和Spearman秩相关分析?结果:人端粒酶逆转录酶的阳性表达率差异在良性前列腺增生组与前列腺癌组间有统计学意义(0% vs 88.24%,P < 0.001);在前列腺上皮内瘤组与前列腺癌组间有统计学意义(36.36% vs 88.24%,P = 0.01);在前列腺上皮内瘤组与良性前列腺增生组间也有统计学意义(36.36% vs 0%,P = 0.022)?Gleason评分与人端粒酶逆转录酶表达强度呈正相关(P < 0.05)?结论:人端粒酶逆转录酶在前列腺组织中的高表达,对于鉴别病变的良恶性具有重要意义;人端粒酶逆转录酶在前列腺癌中的表达强度随着Gleason评分的增加而呈现增强趋势;而人端粒酶逆转录酶在前列腺上皮内瘤中表达阳性的患者应列为密切的临床监控对象?     

前列腺癌患者前列腺癌基因3的表达

目的评价前列腺癌基因3（PCA3）在前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取我院2009年11月~2010年11月收治的30例前列腺癌（前列腺癌组）、22例前列腺增生（前列腺增生组）患者及12例健康男性（对照组）,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应方法检测其外周血中PCA3 mRNA表达情况。结果对照组及前列腺增生组外周血标本中未见PCA3 mRNA阳性表达,而前列腺癌组患者外周血标本中PCA3 mRNA阳性率为99.3%（28/30）,差异有高度统计学意义（χ2=65.283,P〈0.01）。结论前列腺癌中PCA3 mRNA有明显组织特异性的阳性表达,有望成为前列腺癌诊断的新肿瘤标志物。     

α-甲酰基辅酶A消旋酶在前列腺腺癌诊断中的作用

目的探讨α-甲酰基辅酶A消旋酶(α-methylacy-CoA racemase,P504s)在前列腺腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法用EnVision二步法免疫组织化学方法检测并观察57例前列腺腺癌标本及399例良性增生前列腺组织中P504s、前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)的表达。结果57例前列腺腺癌标本均有PSA的阳性表达( ~ ),54例可检测到P504s阳性表达,多表现为癌细胞弥漫性胞质内阳性着色较深的颗粒状物( ~ ),P504s染色阳性率为94.7%(54/57),其中弥漫阳性率( )为54.4%(31/57),3例阴性表达P504s(5.3%)。99.5%(397/399)的良性增生前列腺组织未见P504s阳性表达,仅有2例可观察到P504s弱阳性表达( )。P504s在前列腺腺癌和良性增生前列腺组织中的表达差异有显著性(P<0.001)。P504s的表达程度与标本的获取手术方式及Gleason分级的关系差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论P504s在前列腺腺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要参考价值,具有较佳的敏感性(94.7%)和特异性(99.5%)。     

前列腺癌中雄激素受体及血清PSA、FPSAR表达水平的临床意义

目的探究雄激素受体(AR)及血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原百分率(FPSAR)在前列腺癌中的表达及其与病理特征、预后的关系。方法选择2017年7月至2019年9月崇州市人民医院收治的152例前列腺癌患者纳入前列腺癌组,另择同期行手术治疗的100例前列腺增生患者作为增生组。采用免疫组化及放射免疫法分别测定前列腺组织AR的表达及血清PSA水平,计算FPSAR值。结果前列腺癌组患者组织AR表达阳性率显著低于增生组(x~2=17.934,P0.05),血清PSA显著高于增生组(t=26.919,P0.05),FPSAR水平显著低于增生组(t=7.327,P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。组织中AR的表达、血清PSA水平与前列腺癌患者分化程度、临床分期、Gleason评分、骨转移相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),血清FPSAR水平与临床分期、Gleason评分、骨转移相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,Gleason评分、临床分期、骨转移、血清PSA水平、FPSAR水平、组织AR表达情况是影响前列腺癌患者生存时间的因素(P0.05)。多因素分析显示,骨转移、血清PSA水平及组织AR表达是影响前列腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论前列腺癌组织AR表达及血清FPSAR水平降低,血清PSA水平升高,且与肿瘤侵袭性及预后存在一定关系。     

凋亡抑制蛋白Livin在良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨凋亡抑制蛋白(Inhibitor of apoptosis protein IAP)家族的新成员Livin及其两种异构体Livin α和Livin β在良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌组织中的表达,及其与前列腺癌发生发展的关系.方法:采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测26例前列腺癌、20例良性前列腺增生和10例正常前列腺组织中Livin α和Livin β的表达.结果:26例前列腺癌组织中Livin α表达阳性率为65.38%,20例良性前列腺增生组织中阳性表达率为60.00%,而在正常前列腺组织中均不表达,Livin β在前列腺癌组织及良性前列腺增生和正常前列腺组织中均不表达.Livin α在正常前列腺组织中的表达率与在前列腺癌、良性前列腺增生中的阳性表达率有显著差异,而存良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌中的阳性表达率无显著差异,同时Livin α的表达与前列腺癌的病理分级和临床分期均无明显相关关系.结论:Livin α存前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生中的高表达及与前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的发生、发展密切相关.     

前列腺癌中FOXO3a、IMP3的表达水平变化

目的探究前列腺癌中叉形头转录因子的O亚型-3(FOXO3a)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱm RNA结合蛋白3(IMP3)的表达及临床意义。方法收集62例前列腺癌标本、53例良性前列腺增生患者标本,使用HE染色观察两组前列腺腺体形态变化,RT-PCR法测定前列腺组织中FOXO3a、IMP3 m RNA的表达,免疫组化法检测前列腺组织中FOXO3a、IMP3蛋白表达,分析FOXO3a、IMP3蛋白表达与临床病理参数的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier对5年生存情况进行分析,Log-Rank法检测组间生存差异。结果 HE染色显示前列腺癌组织腺体结构混乱,大小形态不规则,腺体消失。前列腺癌中FOXO3a m RNA表达量低于前列腺增生组织,IMP3 m RNA表达量高于前列腺增生组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。前列腺癌中FOXO3a蛋白阳性表达率低于前列腺增生组织,IMP3蛋白阳性表达率高于前列腺增生组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。FOXO3a表达与病理分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移存在一定关系(P0.05),IMP3表达与病理分期、病理分级存在一定关系(P0.05)。FOXO3a阳性表达者、IMP3阴性表达者5年内生存率高于FOXO3a阴性、IMP3阳性表达,生存曲线对比,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=9.190,P=0.002;χ~2=7.269,P=0.007)。结论 FOXO3a在前列腺癌中低表达,IMP3高表达,提示在前列腺的发展中发挥重要作用,可作为治疗效果、病情程度以及预后的参考指标。     

P504s及PCNA在前列腺穿刺活检诊断中的作用与意义

目的:检测前列腺癌组织及前列腺增生组织中P504s和PCNA的表达情况,并探讨前列腺癌组织中P504s和PCNA的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、临床分期以及两者之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测52例前列腺癌及28例良性前列腺增生患者穿刺活检标本中的P504s和PCNA表达水平。结果:(1)PCNA蛋白在前列腺癌组织中表达强阳性率明显高于前列腺增生组织,差异显著(P<0.01),且PCNA蛋白的强阳性表达与癌组织分化程度呈负相关(P<0.05),与临床分期呈正相关(P<0.05)。(2)P504s蛋白在前列腺癌组织中表达阳性率明显高于前列腺增生组织,差异有显著性(P<0.01),但P504s表达与前列腺癌组织分化程度和临床分期无关(P>0.05)。(3)在前列腺增生组织中PCNA与P504s蛋白的表达之间无相关性(P>0.05),在前列腺腺癌组织中,PCNA蛋白与P504s蛋白的表达呈一定程度的正相关。结论:P504s是前列腺癌敏感而特异性的标记物,P504s与PCNA联合检测可以提高前列腺癌诊断的准确率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.