Effects of Three Treatment Modes on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Uraemic Patients

Plasma lipids, chemical composition of various lipoprotein fractions, apolipoprotein B concentrations and apolipoprotein E phenotypes were studied in 12 uraemic patients on conservative treatment (CT), in 16 patients on haemodialysis (HD) and in 18 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment (CAPD). Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were increased in the CAPD patients in comparison to the HD patients and the control subjects. Moreover, the CAPD patients had higher LDL cholesterol concentration than the CT and HD patients. The HDL cholesterol concentration was lower in the HD and CAPD patients than in the control subjects. The chemical composition of lipoproteins in all fractions of the CT and HD patients and in VLDL, IDL and LDL fractions of the CAPD patients differed from those of the control subjects. The main differences were the increased proportion of triglycerides in VLDL and LDL fractions of all the patient groups and in HDL fraction of the CT and HD patients in comparison to the control subjects. Moreover, the proportion of cholesterol was increased in VLDL and IDL fractions of the CT and the CAPD patients and decreased in HDL fraction of the CT and HD patients compared to the control subjects. In conclusion, in addition to the alterations in the lipoprotein concentrations in uraemic patients there are also marked changes in the chemical composition of the lipoprotein particles that may further contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis among uraemic patients. The abnormalities are particularly prevalent in CAPD patients.     

Practices for caring in nursing: Brazilian research groups

ERDMANN A.L., DE ANDRADE S.R., FERREIRA DE MELLO A.L., KLOCK P., DO NASCIMENTO K.C., SANTOS KOERICH M. & STEIN BACKES D. (2011) Practices for caring in nursing: Brazilian research groups. International Nursing Review 58 , 379–385 Background: The present study considers the production of knowledge and the interactions in the environment of research and their relationships in the system of caring in nursing and health. Aim: To elaborate a theoretical model of the organization of the practices used for caring, based on the experiences made by the research groups of administration and management in nursing, in Brazil. Methods: The study is based on grounded theory. Twelve leaders of research groups, working as professors in public universities in the south and the south‐east of Brazil, distributed in sample groups, were interviewed. Findings: The core phenomenon ‘research groups of administration and management in nursing: arrangements and interactions in the system of caring in nursing’ was derived from the categories: conceptual bases and contexts of the research groups; experiencing interactions in the research groups; functionality of the research groups; and outputs of the research groups. The research groups are integrated in the system of caring in nursing. Conclusions: The activities of the Brazilian administration and management in nursing research groups are process oriented and in a process of constant renovation, socially relevant, operate in a complex scenario and contribute to the advancement of the organizations of the system of caring in nursing through strengthening the connection among academia, service and community.     

安徽省二级及三级公立医院超声基线调查情况及分析

目的了解安徽省二级、三级公立医院超声科的基本情况。 方法安徽省超声医学质量控制中心于2018年11月下发超声质控基线调查表,调查对象为安徽省内公立二级及三级医院的超声科,调查内容包括2018年上述医院超声科的科室负责人基本情况、科室工作人员数目、科室面积、机房数目、超声仪器数目及医院实际开放床位数共6个部分。 结果本次调查共收到安徽省15个地市共205家医院的调查表,其中,三级医院62家,二级医院143家。安徽省二级及三级公立医院超声科负责人大多数具有本科学历、中高级职称、专业年限大于20年。各级医院超声科工作人员数目平均数分别为二级9.3人,三级19.3人。超声科平均面积分别为二级195.1 m²,三级505.9 m²。平均机房数目分别为二级4.9间,三级11.3间。平均超声仪器数目分别为二级4.9台、三级11.5台。医院实际开放床位平均数分别为二级510.7张,三级1407.5张。 结论目前,安徽省二级医院超声仪器基本能满足临床工作的需要,三级医院超声仪器相对短缺;超声科工作人员不足是二级及三级医院共同面临的问题,以三级医院更明显。     

Effects of exposure to morning bright light in the blind and sighted controls

Summary. Seven blind subjects and 11 sighted controls were exposed to 3300 lux of cool-white fluorescent light for either 1 h or 15 min in the morning for 2 weeks during the winter. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentration, melatonin concentration in saliva, body temperature from the armpit, subjective sleepiness, and depressive symptoms were measured before and after the 2-week trial. The intervention resulted in a significant elevation in the concentration of melatonin at 21.00 hours in the healthy controls but at 23:00 hours in the blind subjects. The body temperatures measured were increased in the controls but decreased in the blind in the morning following the cessation of the intervention, and these opposite changes resulted in significant differences in the temperatures between the two groups. The decreases in the body temperature were associated with the increases in the levels of melatonin in the blind but not in the controls. Bright light administered in the morning decreased subjective sleepiness and improved mood in the healthy controls and in the blind subjects as well. The intervention had no effect on the levels of vitamin D in either of the two groups.     

The expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in proliferative endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND. The activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is increased in inflammation and in several cancer types. We investigated the expression of COX-2, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) and nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS-3) in normal proliferative and secretory human endometrium, and in endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS. Human endometrium was collected at hysterectomy. Seven samples were in proliferative and 11 samples in secretory stage. Twelve specimens from endometrial carcinoma were collected, as well. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of COX-1, COX-2, NOS-2 and NOS-3. RESULTS. COX-2 immunostaining was detected in most specimens of normal proliferative glandular epithelium (86%) and of endometrial carcinomas (92%). COX-2 staining was often detected in cancer cells on the border areas of the tumour and on the areas of invasive growth. Staining for COX-2 was seen in proliferative glands usually only in the basal layer of the endometrium. NOS-2 was usually absent or negligible in proliferative endometrial glands and also in the cancer cells of endometrial adenocarcinomas. No staining for either COX-2 or NOS-2 was seen in specimens of secretory glandular epithelium. The expression of the constitutive COX-1 and NOS-3 was negligible or weak in the glandular epithelium of proliferative and secretory endometrium and in endometrial cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS. The expression of the inducible COX-2 but not of COX-1 is stimulated in the glandular epithelium of proliferative endometrium and in the cancer cells of human endometrial adenocarcinoma, in particular in those in the borders of carcinoma and spreading into lymphatic vessels.     

骨旁骨肉瘤的影像学特点

目的:总结、分析骨旁骨肉瘤临床与影像学的特点。方法:分析研究51例骨旁骨肉瘤,51例中1例发生在髂骨,发生在股骨近端4例,股骨远端30例,胫骨近端7例,胫骨远端1例,肱骨近端7例,肱骨远端1例。结果:发生在股骨远端及胫骨近端的37例病例中X线表现为皮质骨增厚,软组织内可见团状和菜花状不规则高密度瘤骨。其中8例与骨皮质关系密切病例可见到骨皮质与肿瘤骨之间有一透亮带。发生在肱骨近端和股骨近端的11例均表现为密度增高的多发团状的瘤骨。结论:骨旁骨肉瘤的影像学综合检查分析对临床诊断和手术有着重要的指导作用。     

针刺对过敏性哮喘大鼠肺肠组织SP-AmRNA表达的影响

目的探讨针刺对过敏性哮喘(哮喘)大鼠肺肠组织表面蛋白A(SP-A)mRNA表达的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、哮喘模型组、针刺肺组、针刺肠组、针刺肺肠组,每组各8只。除空白组外,余4组采用腹腔注射卵蛋白致敏,2周后尾静脉注射卵蛋白激发哮喘发作进行造模。空白组、哮喘模型组不针刺,针刺肺组针刺尺泽、孔最、列缺、肺俞穴,针刺肠组针刺曲池、合谷、天枢、上巨虚穴,针刺肺肠组针刺孔最、列缺、曲池、天枢穴。检测并比较各组大鼠针刺后肺肠等组织中SP-A mRNA的表达。结果哮喘模型组肺、大肠及小肠组织中SP-A mRNA的表达均较空白组高(P0.01);针刺肺组、针刺肠组、针刺肺肠组的肺、大肠及针刺肺肠组小肠组织中SP-A mRNA的表达均较哮喘模型组高(P0.05);针刺肺组、针刺肠组的小肠组织中SP-A mRNA的表达与哮喘模型组比较无明显差异(P均0.05)。结论哮喘大鼠肺肠组织SP-A mRNA表达均发生异常,其中肺与大肠生物学相关性最为密切。     

Bradykinin and kallidin levels in the trapezius muscle in patients with work-related trapezius myalgia, in patients with whiplash associated pain, and in healthy controls - A microdialysis study of women

The origins of chronic muscle pain development and maintenance are debated regarding the relative contributions of peripheral nociception and central pain processing. Bradykinin (BKN) and kallidin (KAL) have been suggested to be algesic kinins involved in muscle pain. This in vivo study investigates whether there were significant differences in interstitial muscle concentrations of BKN and KAL between chronic work-related trapezius myalgia (TM), chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD), and healthy controls (CON). These subjects were studied at rest, during a 20-min repetitive low-force exercise and recovery. The interstitial concentrations of BKN and KAL of trapezius were determined using the microdialysis technique. The interstitial concentration of KAL was overall significantly higher in TM than in CON. [KAL] and [BKN] increased significantly during the brief exercise in all groups. The increase in [BKN] during exercise was significantly higher in TM than in the other two groups, whereas the increase in [KAL] during exercise was highest in WAD. In chronic pain, positive correlations existed between the two kinins and the difference in pain intensity between recovery and baseline. In this in vivo study of two groups of patients with chronic pain clinically involving the trapezius muscle, we found alterations - most prominent in TM - in the interstitial concentrations of BKN and KAL. The results indicated that the two kinins were involved in aspects of hyperalgesia.     

Colitis in Behçet's disease: Characteristics on double-contrast barium enema examination in 20 patients

We performed a retrospective review of double-contrast barium enema examinations of 20 patients with clinically proven Behçet's colitis. Main lesion was ovoid or geographic ulcers with a mean diameter of 2.7 cm. The number of ulcers was single in 15 cases and multiple in five. On six resected specimens, ulcers involved submucosa in three, muscle layer in one, and serosa in two cases with an undermining tendency and transmural inflammation. Aphthous ulcers were present in three cases. Neither perforation nor fistula was demonstrated. In all 20 patients, the ulcer was localized in the ileocecal area, with extension to the ascending colon in seven. Skip lesions were observed in the transverse colon and descending colon in three cases. Destruction of surrounding mucosa resulted in cecal contraction in 19 cases, widening of the ileocecal valve in 19, and fold thickening in the terminal ileum in 12. Six cases (30%) manifested as ileocecal mass accompanied by ulcer, fold thickening, and adjacent mucosal deformity. The appendix was visualized in only three (20%) of the 15 patients with no history of appendectomy. On follow-up study of 15 cases, the ulcers disappeared or decreased in size in 13 cases (86%) and the mucosal deformity was not improved in all cases. On the basis of our results, we believe that the characteristic findings of colitis in Behçet's disease in barium enema examination are ovoid or geographic, relatively large, and deep ulcerations with persistent surrounding deformity which tend to localize in the ileocecal area.     

Cardiological effects of catecholamine-secreting tumours

Correlations between endocrine and cardiological findings were investigated in 106 patients with catecholamine-secreting tumours during the florid phase of their illness. Endocrine data showed an elevation of urinary catecholamine or vanillylmandelic acid excretion in all but one subject. Hypertension was found in 78%, symptoms of coronary heart disease in 26% and arrhythmias in 20% of the patients. Twelve per cent of the patients came to the hospital with heart attacks, 7% with acute left heart failure and 6% with myocardial infarction. At admission electrocardiograph (ECG) analysis showed a sinus rhythm in 98%, tachycardia > 100 min⁻¹ in 14% and bradycardia <60 min⁻¹ in 10%. In 16% of the ECGs cQT was increased, in 17% the ST segment was lowered and in 37% abnormal T waves occurred. Indices of myocardial hypertrophy such as the Sokolow index, the modified Romhilt–Estes score and the Murphy score were raised in 29%, 19% and 38% respectively. In 23 of 51 (45%) patients echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy, in 16% mitral valve insufficiency and in 24% disturbances of contractility. Comparison of cardiac and endocrine parameters confirm in vitro and animal studies indicating that, in particular, the α-mimetic noradrenaline (NA) has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Urinary NA, but not adrenaline or dopamine, excretion was significantly higher in constantly hypertensive than in normotensive patients and associated with an elevation of the Sokolow index and the Romhilt–Estes score. Both indices and plasma NA were higher in patients with myocardial hypertrophy and we found a significant correlation between the Romhilt–Estes score and NA excretion.     

Cardiological effects of catecholamine-secreting tumours

Correlations between endocrine and cardiological findings were investigated in 106 patients with catecholamine-secreting tumours during the florid phase of their illness. Endocrine data showed an elevation of urinary catecholamine or vanillylmandelic acid excretion in all but one subject. Hypertension was found in 78%, symptoms of coronary heart disease in 26% and arrhythmias in 20% of the patients. Twelve per cent of the patients came to the hospital with heart attacks, 7% with acute left heart failure and 6% with myocardial infarction. At admission electrocardiograph (ECG) analysis showed a sinus rhythm in 98%, tachycardia > 100 min^?1 in 14% and bradycardia <60 min^?1 in 10%. In 16% of the ECGs cQT was increased, in 17% the ST segment was lowered and in 37% abnormal T waves occurred. Indices of myocardial hypertrophy such as the Sokolow index, the modified Romhilt–Estes score and the Murphy score were raised in 29%, 19% and 38% respectively. In 23 of 51 (45%) patients echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy, in 16% mitral valve insufficiency and in 24% disturbances of contractility. Comparison of cardiac and endocrine parameters confirm in vitro and animal studies indicating that, in particular, the α-mimetic noradrenaline (NA) has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Urinary NA, but not adrenaline or dopamine, excretion was significantly higher in constantly hypertensive than in normotensive patients and associated with an elevation of the Sokolow index and the Romhilt–Estes score. Both indices and plasma NA were higher in patients with myocardial hypertrophy and we found a significant correlation between the Romhilt–Estes score and NA excretion.     

结直肠癌中p16基因的甲基化改变与蛋白表达的关系

目的 检测结直肠癌患者肿瘤组织中p16基因启动子区异常甲基化改变及蛋白表达情况,探讨其与结直肠癌发生发展与临床的关系。方法 采用甲基化特异PCR(MSP)和免疫组织化学链霉素过氧化物酶(SP)方法,对32份结直肠癌标本p16基因甲基化改变及蛋白表达情况进行检测分析。结果 p16甲基化阳性率为40.6％;p16蛋白表达阳性率75.0％;在病理分期中,DukesC、D期患者肿瘤组织中p16甲基化发生率63.0％,p16蛋白表达发生率为69.0％;DukesA、B期患者p16甲基化发生率为25.0％,p16蛋白表达阳性率为81.0％;在组织分化程度中,低分化癌中的p16甲基化阳性率为100.0％,p16蛋白表达阳性率为20.0％;在高、中分化癌中,p16甲基化的阳性率为30.0％,p16蛋13表达阳性率为85.0％;淋巴结转移癌患者肿瘤组织中p16基因甲基化阳性率为63.0％,淋巴结未转移的阳性率为25.0％;在肿瘤部位中,直肠癌p16蛋白表达阳性率为65.0％,结肠癌的阳性率为100.0％。结论 p16甲基化的改变可能影响p16蛋白的表达;p16甲基化、蛋白表达与结直肠癌的发生发展密切相关,p16甲基化和蛋白表达是结直肠癌患者诊断及预后的候选标志物之一。     

2005年江西省安远县县乡医疗机构传染病漏报及报告质量分析与改进策略探讨

目的了解安远县实现传染病网络直报后的医院传染病报告工作质量,发现存在问题和探讨改进策略。方法根据《江西省医院法定传染病与死亡病例管理及报告质量调查方案》(2005版),对安远县县乡(镇)两级医疗机构的传染病漏报情况及报告质量进行调查和分析。结果实行网络直报后,安远县医院传染病实际报告率和及时性均有明显提高,漏报率仍然很高,报告及时率和报告质量较低。其中,门诊和辅助科室病例漏报率高于住院病例;性病专科医院和性病科的性病漏报率高于其他医院和科室病例;乡镇卫生院漏报率高于县级医院;但传染病报告的不及时率则县级医院明显高于乡镇卫生院。县乡两级医疗机构的报告卡填写和录入质量无明显差异。结论对传染病报告工作还须从政府的政策、医疗机构的内部管理与疫情报告人员的培训、疾控机构的督查指导等方面采取综合措施加以改进。     

广东省城乡残疾人社会参与状况的比较

目的:对广东省各类残疾人的社会参与状况进行分析,探讨城乡之间各类残疾人社会参与状况的异同,并提出相应的康复对策。方法:采用广东省第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中WHO-DAS Ⅱ分项目残疾人社会参与评定的数据进行等级资料的统计分析。结果:总体上,乡村各类残疾人比城市所占比例大,社会参与较为困难。城市与乡村视力、言语、智力残疾人的社会参与能力的等级差异无显著性意义;听力、肢体及精神残疾人的社会参与能力的等级差异有显著性意义。结论:广东省绝大多数各类残疾人均存在不同程度的社会参与局限,尤其是乡村残疾人数量多、比例大,是今后康复工作的主要对象。建议完善三级康复网络,建立社区卫生服务中心及新农合康复站,以及重大专项疾病的防治康复网。     

治疗股骨转子间骨折时头颈拉力螺钉不同置入位置的有限元计算

背景：课题组总结发现,股骨转子间骨折股骨近端髓内钉置入内固定治疗后出现髋内翻的病例中,除小部分由于股骨转子部粉碎性骨折和个别存在复位问题之外,绝大多数出现并发症的患者术后复查X射线片可见,2枚头颈拉力螺钉位置均位于股骨颈中上部。 目的：通过有限元计算,验证股骨近端髓内钉头颈拉力螺钉不同置入位置的生物力学性能,从而指导股骨近端髓内钉置入以减少置入后并发症的发生。 方法：利用MIMICS中的布尔运算将股骨近端髓内钉置入骨折模型,建立三维模型。实验分为2组：中下组股骨近端髓内钉头颈拉力螺钉置于股骨颈中下1/3处;中上组股骨近端髓内钉头颈拉力螺钉置于股骨颈中上1/3处。利用有限元软件计算头颈拉力螺钉于不同方向置入时股骨及股骨近端髓内钉的应力分布情况。 结果与结论：骨折断端应力分布结果显示,中下组小转子处所受压应力小于中上组,并且中下组股骨近端髓内钉各钉所受最大应力平均值大于中上组。骨折断面张开角测量结果显示,加载后中下组骨折断面张开角小于中上组。载荷与位移关系分析结果显示,加载后中下组股骨上部合位移小于中上组。说明2枚头颈拉力螺钉置入股骨颈中下1/3处时,生物力学性能更好,结构相对更稳定,受力更合理,在临床中具有重要的参考价值。     

Detection of glycosylated protein in glomeruli of STZ-induced diabetic rats using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reaction

Detection of glycosylated protein in renal tissues was determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reaction. The glycosylation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) components such as laminin and fibronectin was examined in vitro using the same method. Immunofluorescence staining of laminin or type IV collagen was also performed in renal tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats. There was no significant difference in the intensity of NBT in renal tissues between 4 week STZ-induced diabetic rats and control rats of the same age. The intensity of NBT staining in the glomerular mesangial areas and capillary walls was marked in 12 week diabetic rats. The mean values of fructosamine measured by the NBT reaction in the glycosylated-laminin and fibronectin were increased dose dependently. In immunofluorescence, laminin and type IV collagen were observed significantly in the glomerular mesangial areas and capillary walls of 12 week diabetic rats. However, there was no significant change in renal histopathology in 4 and 12 week diabetic rats. It appears that the non-enzymatic glycosylation and expression of ECM components in glomeruli increased in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy prior to the appearance of marked histologic alterations. In conclusion, non-enzymatic glycosylation of glomerular structural components may play an important role in the initiation of the early stage of renal injuries in diabetes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

在超声医学专业质量管理控制指标专家共识指导下的安徽省超声医学质量控制现状

目的总结在超声医学专业质量管理控制指标专家共识指导下安徽省超声医学质量控制取得的成效和发现的问题。 方法2020—2021年安徽省超声医学质量控制中心分别下发超声医学质量控制调查表，调查对象为安徽省内二级及三级医院的超声科，对照《超声医学专业质量管理控制指标专家共识（2018年版）》中提到的7个超声质量控制关键指标，结合《安徽省超声医学质量控制中心医疗质量控制标准》进行对比分析。 结果二级医院2020年和2021年平均每日超声检查人次分别为189.5人次、206.9人次；三级医院2020年和2021年平均每日超声检查人次分别为425.5人次、516.2人次，均有所提升；二级医院2020年和2021年超声科医患比分别为1.51人/万人次、1.44人/万人次；三级医院2020年和2021年超声科医患比分别为1.49人/万人次、1.36人/万人次，均有所下降；2021年超声科医师数与超声诊断仪器数比二级和三级医院分别为0.89和1.40，较2020年的0.99和1.50变化不大；平均住院超声检查预约时间有所延长、危急值通报例数略有变化，二级医院通报率有所降低（94.12% vs 95.55%）；2020—2021年二级医院和三级医院超声报告阳性率分别为62.42%、62.13%；72.66%、79.53%；二级医院超声报告阳性率有所下降；超声诊断符合率分别为79.68%、81.66%；85.06%、88.24%，均呈上升趋势。 结论在超声医学专业质量管理控制指标专家共识指导下，通过专业规范的培训指导和质量控制管理，超声诊断效率与诊断质量有所提高，而在指标监测机制方面还需进一步完善。     

Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle Rhythmicity of Serotonin in Primary Headaches

We investigated the platelet and plasma levels of serotonin and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in patients suffering from episodic tension-type headache and migraine with and without aura, during headache-free period. In female subjects, blood samples were drawn during the follicular, ovulatory, and late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. In tension headache and migraine with aura, the group mean values of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in platelets and plasma were significantly increased, but migraine without aura patients' levels were normal. The pattern of menstrual cycle-related fluctuations in platelet serotonin levels were similar in female patients with tension headache and in controls, with a maximum value in the follicular phase. In both migraine groups, in contrast, the peak occurred in the ovulatory phase. The results are discussed in view of whether these aberrations in peripheral markers of the metabolism and menstrual cycle-related rhythmicity of serotonin may reflect similar alterations in the central nervous system.     

Sphingosine modulation of cAMP levels and beating rate in rat heart

Sphingolipids, especially as elements of the sphingomyelin signal transduction cycle, are thought to play a significant role as second messengers and modulators of events in heart muscle cells. A possible modulatory role of sphingosine in signal transduction in the beta-adrenergic pathway in the heart was examined. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with sphingosine and/or other agents after which cAMP levels and contraction rates were measured. Heart rate in anaesthetized rats was also measured before and after sphingosine injection in the jugular vein. Sphingosine caused a decrease in basal cAMP levels and diminished isoproterenol-induced increase in cAMP levels. These changes were dose- and time-dependent and showed a significant negative effect on signal transmission in the beta-adrenergic pathway in cardiomyocytes. Increase in cAMP intracellular levels by forskolin, which activates adenylcyclase, was not inhibited by sphingosine. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used in all experiments in which cAMP was measured excluding effects on cAMP breakdown. It was also demonstrated that sphingosine caused reduction in the beating rate of cultured cardiomyocytes and a dose-dependent reduction in heart rate of anaesthetized rats. The sphingosine-induced inhibition of bradycardic response of anaesthetized rats reached a maximum about 5-10 min after the onset of sphingosine administration and returned to normal within 60 min. Sphingosine may modulate the signal transmission of the beta-adrenoceptor pathway upstream of adenylcyclase in rat cardiomyocytes. This may contribute to the sphingosine-induced decrease in heart rate of rats in vivo.     

门诊输液室建立医、护、药合作的药品不良反应监测体系探讨

目的:探讨在门诊输液室建立医、护、药合作的药品不良反应监测体系,为门诊输液用药安全提供有利条件。方法:以输液室护士为监测员,急诊内科和儿科医生对发生的不良反应进行处置,药学服务部药师进行药品不良反应评价,形成医院药品不良反应监测体系。结果:2008、2009年开展医、护、药合作后,药品不良反应监测报告数量与2007年相比分别增长了13.3和10.6倍,药学服务部应用该资料在门诊调节药物使用方法分别为2次、5次,根据该资料停止使用药品批次分别为1次、3次。结论:在门诊输液室建立医、护、药合作的药品不良反应监测体系,为门诊输液安全提供了有利条件。