聚集素基因多态性与Alzheimer病相关性的Meta分析

目的探讨聚集素(CLU)基因rs11136000多态性与Alzheimer病(AD)的相关性。方法运用Meta分析的方法检索PubMed、EMBASE、AlzGene、CBM、CHKD等数据库,收集符合纳入标准的CLU基因多态性与AD关系相关病例-对照研究文献。对纳入文献进行H-W遗传平衡检验及异质性检验,选择固定效应模型,以CLU基因rs11136000位点(TT+TC)/CC基因型及T/C等位基因分布的优势比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)为效应指标,利用RevMan 5.0、Stata 11.0软件计算合并OR值及95%CI;偏倚分析评估发表偏倚。结果纳入10篇文献共29个研究群体。按种族分为高加索亚组、亚洲亚组、非洲亚组、西班牙亚族及其他种族亚组,组内无显著异质性。AD高加索亚组与对照组比较,CLU基因rs11136000(TT+TC)/CC基因型和T/C等位基因分布的合并OR=0.83(95%CI:0.79～0.86)和0.88(95%CI:0.85～0.90),总体效应检验Z=8.44、9.74(均P<0.001)。亚洲亚组、非洲亚组、西班牙亚组及其他种族亚组(TT+TC)/CC基因型和(或)T/C等位基因分布差异无统计学意义。偏倚分析未发现明显发表偏倚。结论 CLU基因rs11136000多态性与高加索人群AD易感性相关,携带T等位基因可能降低AD发病风险。其对于亚洲人、非洲裔、西班牙人及其他种族人群的影响尚不确定。     

脑啡肽酶基因多态性与散发性阿尔茨海默病的关系研究

目的探讨脑啡肽酶(neprilysin,NEP)基因单核苷酸多态性与中国北方汉族散发性阿尔茨海默病(sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,SAD)的关系。方法临床确诊的99例中国北方汉族SAD患者及109例正常对照,提取外周血基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性结合DNA直接测序法确定NEP基因rs989692位点及rs6776185位点基因型,分析上述两个位点单核苷酸多态性与AD的关系。结果 AD组和正常对照组NEP基因rs989692位点各等位基因频率及基因型分布无显著性差异(P>0.05);AD组NEP基因rs6776185位点A等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组(88.9%vs 81.2%,P=0.029),AA基因型频率显著高于正常对照组(80.8%vs 67.0%,P=0.024);携带A等位基因者,发生AD的风险是不携带A等位基因者的1.85倍(OR=1.85,95%CI 1.07~3.20);经载脂蛋白E基因(apolipoprotein E,Apo E)ε4等位基因及年龄分层比较,携带ε4基因及年龄<75岁组,AD组A等位基因及AA基因型分布频率仍明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论 NEP基因rs6776185位点A等位基因和AA基因型可能是中国北方汉族人群SAD的危险因素,可使AD发病年龄提前,并与Apo Eε4等位基因可能具有协同作用。     

聚集素基因多态性与脑卒中后血管性痴呆的相关性分析

目的 探讨聚集素基因多态性与脑卒中后血管性痴呆的关系。方法 选取2019年12月-2020年12月本院收治的88例脑卒中后血管性痴呆患者作为观察组,并选取同期体检健康的60例健康者作为对照组,采用竞争性等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应(Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction, KASP)基因分型检测技术和基因测序法测定聚集素基因多态性(rs11136000和rs9331888位点基因亚型和等位基因分布频率),分析聚集素基因多态性与脑卒中后血管性痴呆的相关性。结果 2组基因分布符合哈代-温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg)平衡(F值分别为0.439和0.546,P>0.05),2组基因型分布频率达到基因遗传平衡标准,可体现人群基因分布情况,样本具有代表性,且观察组聚集素基因rs11136000位点TT基因型(1.14%)、TG基因型(32.95%)和T等位基因(43.18%)分布频率显著低于对照组的8.33%、50.00%、60.00%,而GG基因型(65.91%)和G等位基因(97.73%)分布频率显著显著高于对照组...     

胰岛素样生长因子1、载脂蛋白酶E基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病关系的研究

目的探讨河南省汉族人群胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin like growth factor 1,IGF-1)基因rs972936位点多态性、载脂蛋白酶E(Apo E)基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)之间的相关性。方法选取58例AD患者和126例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照(ND)者为研究对象,柱层析法提取外周血基因组DNA,采用PCR和基因测序技术检测IGF-1基因rs972936位点及Apo E基因型多态分布,并进行对比分析。结果与ND组比较,AD组IGF-1基因rs972936位点3种基因型分布总体差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.108,P=0.047),其中AD组中GG基因型的频率高于对照组(70.7%51.6%,χ~2=5.935,P=0.015),G等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组(χ~2=6.502,P=0.011);AD组Apo Eε4等位基因频率可能增加AD的患病风险(OR=2.872,95%CI 1.542~5.351)(P=0.001);Apo Eε4等位基因不影响IGF-1基因rs972936位点的基因型或等位基因的分布频率(P0.05)。结论 IGF-1基因rs972936位点多态性与河南汉族人群AD的发病可能有相关性,其中GG基因型、G等位基因可能是AD发病的独立于Apo Eε4等位基因的危险因素。Apo Eε4等位基因是散发性AD的主要危险因素。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶Pi基因多态性与Alzheimer病的关系

目的研究谷胱甘肽硫转移酶Pi(GSTPi)基因多态性与Alzheimer病(AD)的关系。方法 AD患者48例,按1:2匹配选择与AD患者同性别、同年龄、同文化程度、无血缘关系、认知功能正常、身体健康的96例老人作为正常对照,外周血提取基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测GSTPi基因第5外显子rs1695位点和第6外显子rs1138272位点基因型。结果 rs1695位点存在A/A、A/G和G/G三种基因型;rs1138272位点存在C/C和C/T两种基因型,未发现T/T型。AD组和对照组rs1695位点基因型分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但AD组等位基因G的频率(32.3%)明显高于对照组(21.9%)(P=0.05)。AD组和对照组rs1138272位点基因型分布及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GSTPi基因染色体单体型G/T(即rs1695位点为等位基因G,rs1138272位点为等位基因T)的频率,AD组(9.1%)明显高于对照组(2.4%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.01)。结论 GSTPi基因rs1695位点等位基因G和rs1138272位点等位基因T可增加AD发生的危险,尤其rs1695位点等位基因G可能与AD发病关系更大。     

GSK3B基因启动子区多态性与中国北方汉族人群阿尔茨海默病的相关分析

目的研究中国北方汉族人群中糖原合成酶激酶38基因（GSK3B）启动子区rs334558位点基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病（AD）易感性的相关性。方法采用直接测序的方法,对403例AD病例及369名对照外周血DNA的GSK3B基因多态位点rs334558进行基因分型。结果AD组与对照组rs334558位点等位基因和基因型分布相似,等位基因T的频率在AD组和对照组分别为38．8％和37．9％,差异无统计学意义（y。一0．130,P〉0．05）。按照性别或者是否携带AopF~4等位基因分别进行分层分析,发现AD组和对照组之间等位基因频率和基因型分布的差异无统计学意义（,分别为0．331,0．565;P〉0．05）。结论GSK3B基因启动子区多态性位点rs334558可能与中国汉族人群AD发病无关。     

凝溶胶蛋白基因rs3827677位点多态性与阿尔茨海默病关系的研究

目的 探讨河南省汉族人群凝溶胶蛋白(gelsolin,GSN)基因rs3827677位点多态性与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)之间的相关性.方法 选取58例AD患者和126例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照者为研究对象,柱层析法提取外周血基因组DNA,采用PCR和基因测序技术检测GSN基因rs3827677位点基因型多态分布,并进行对比分析.结果 AD组与对照组GSN基因rs3827677位点基因型均有两种:AG型、GG型,两组间基因型及等位基因的频率差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.055,P=0.814;x2 =0.036,P=0.850).结论 GSN基因启动子区rs3827677位点多态性与河南汉族人群AD的发病可能无明显相关性.     

Neprilysin基因单核苷酸多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究

目的探讨neprilysin基因单核苷酸多态性与中国北方汉族散发性阿尔茨海默病(sporadic Alzheimer's disease,SAD)的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法对157例SAD患者(AD组)和125例正常对照(对照组)进行neprilysin基因rs3736187位点单核苷酸多态性基因分型后,进行病例-对照相关分析。结果基因型的频率在病例组和对照组中分布差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中CC基因型与TT基因型相比,AD组CC基因型频率增高,TT基因型频率降低,CC基因型可以增加散发性AD的发病风险(P<0.05)。等位基因频率在两组中的分布差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Neprilysin基因rs3736187位点的CC基因型可能通过某种途径增加中国北方汉族散发性阿尔茨海默病的发病。     

载脂蛋白D基因多态与散发性阿尔茨海默病的相关性

目的 通过检测载脂蛋白D基因(apolipoprotein D gene,ApoD)单核苷酸多态位点,探讨其与北方汉族人群散发性阿尔茨海默病(sporadic Alzheimer's disease,SAD)的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及直接测序筛查ApoD基因所有外显子及其两端内含子多态位点.选取等位基因频率大于10%的位点,利用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,采用病例-对照相关性研究方法 ,研究256例SAD患者以及294名健康人的ApoD多态位点与SAD发病的关系.同时对位点间的连锁不平衡及构建的单体型进行相关性分析.结果 ApoD第2号外显子存在T/C多态性(rs5952),第3号内含子(rs1568566)存在C/T多态性.ApoD rs5952 T/C和rs1568566 C/T等位基因频率和基因型频率在SAD组和对照组间的分布差异有统计学意义.Logistic回归分析表明携带rs5952C或rs1568566T等位基因分别增加SAD发病风险:校正后rs5952 χ2=9.282(P=0.002);rs1568566 χ2=5.072(P=0.024).进一步分析证实性别和ApoD多态性存在交互作用.rs5952-rs1568566位点间存在连锁不平衡.结论 北方汉族人ApoD基因存在第2号外显子rs5952和第3号内含子rs1568566 2个多态位点;ApoD多态可增加SAD发病风险;携带rs5952T或rs1568566C单体型可能对SAD的发病有一定的保护作用.     

中国汉族人泛醌NADH脱氢酶Fe-S蛋白1基因多态性与氯氮平所致代谢综合征的关联研究

目的:探索中国汉族精神分裂症患者人泛醌NADH脱氢酶Fe-S蛋白1(NDUFS1)基因多态性与长期服用氯氮平所致代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:收集388例长期服用氯氮平2年的慢性精神分裂症患者临床资料及代谢指标;分为MS组(159例)和非MS组(299例);对NDUFS1基因rs13024804、rs1044120、rs6435330、rs4147713这4个位点进行多态性检测,并进行组间及性别间分析。结果:NDUFS1基因4个位点各等位基因及基因型分布两组间差异无统计学意义;性别分层后发现,两组女性患者中携带rs1044120 T等位基因(GT+TT vs GG,P=0.002,OR=0.25,95%CI:0.10～0.61)、rs6435330 T等位基因(GT+TT vs GG,P 0.001,OR=0.21,95%CI:0.09～0.50)及rs4147713 G等位基因(TG+GG vs TT P=0.002,OR=0.26,95%CI:0.11～0.61)者患MS的危险性下降。男性患者中rs1044120位点T等位基因携带者血浆高密度脂蛋白水平显著高于非携带者[(1.33±1.26) mmol/L vs(1.09±0.48) mmol/L,P=0.034];女性患者中rs6435330位点T等位基因携带者舒张压显著低于非携带者[(71.43±7.134) mmHg vs (74.47±6.419) mmHg,P=0.032]。结论:在中国汉族精神分裂症患者中,NDUFS1基因多态性与氯氮平相关的MS无关联,女性患者中NDUFS1基因多态性与氯氮平相关的MS存在关联。     

Genetic findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence and in adulthood

Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) are on the rise, and affected children, 1-2% of the general population, often are seriously impaired in their development. OCD is characterized by recurrent, intrusive and disturbing thoughts as well as by repetitive stereotypic behaviours. Depending on their age and developmental status, patients usually try unsuccessfully to suppress the obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours. The current state of genetic research on OCD and early-onset OCD is presented and discussed. OCD, especially early-onset OCD, has been shown to be familial. Convincing evidence indicates that both environmental and genetic factors substantially influence OCD. Various approaches, including linkage and association studies, yielded conflicting results as well as the notion that multiple genes of modest effect sizes, in interaction with environmental factors, cause vulnerability to the disorder. The phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of OCD complicate the identification of specific genetic factors. Further studies have to be designed in consideration of subtypes, e.g. age at onset, symptom dimensions, or comorbid disorders.     

Changes in extra- and intracellular pH in the brain during and following ischemia in hyperglycemic and in moderately hypoglycemic rats

Incomplete forebrain ischemia of 15-min duration was induced in rats made hyperglycemic or moderately hypoglycemic prior to ischemia. Tissue CO2 tension, CO2 content, labile tissue metabolites, and extracellular pH (pHe) were measured, and intracellular pH (pHi) was derived by calculation on the assumption that cerebral intracellular fluids can be lumped into one space. In hypoglycemic animals, mean tissue lactate content increased from 2 to 10 mumol g-1. Tissue CO2 content was virtually unchanged and the CO2 tension increased from approximately 50 to approximately 145 mm Hg. In hyperglycemic animals, tissue lactate content rose to 20 mumol g-1, and the CO2 content decreased by 25%, demonstrating that some CO2 was lost to the blood supplied by the remaining perfusion. Accordingly, tissue CO2 tension did not rise above 200 mm Hg. pHe was reduced in proportion to the amount of lactate accumulated, the values obtained in hypo- and hyperglycemic animals showing relatively little scatter (6.76 +/- 0.03 and 6.25 +/- 0.04, respectively). In hypoglycemic animals the extracellular HCO-3 concentration was virtually unchanged, demonstrating that any influx of lactic acid from the cells must have been accompanied by H+ efflux and/or HCO-3 influx via independent routes. In hyperglycemic animals [HCO-3]e fell by greater than 10 mumol ml-1. In both groups [HCO-3]e was reduced during the first 5 min of recovery. Recovery of pHe was slower in hyper- than in hypoglycemic animals. During ischemia calculated pHi fell to 6.37 +/- 0.04 and 5.95 +/- 0.06 in hypo- and hyperglycemic animals, respectively. Differences in pHi were maintained for the first 15 min of recovery, but in both hypo- and hyperglycemic animals pHi had normalized after 30 min. It is concluded that preischemic hyperglycemia leads to a more pronounced intra- and extracellular acidosis than normo- and hypoglycemia, an acidosis that also resolves more slowly during recirculation.     

Dopamine-derived alkaloids in alcoholism and in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases

Summary Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) alkaloids and 1-carboxy TIQ derivatives have been found in human fluids and/or tissues. The possible biosynthetic pathways of salsolinol (Sal), taken as an example of TIQs, are discussed, and the possibility that biosynthesis occurs through a stereospecific enzymatic reaction is considered. In this respect, it is reported that the R enantiomer of Sal predominates in urines of healthy volunteers, whereas the S enantiomer predominates in port wine and possibly in other beverages and foods, suggesting that Sal present in humans could have, at least partially, and endogenous enzymatic origin.TIQs and other dopamine-derived alkaloids are weak MAO inhibitors, the R enantiomer of Sal and salsolidine being more potent than the S form.The changes in monoamine oxidase activity and the nigrostriatal concentrations of dopamine and homovanillic acid in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases and in alcoholism are reviewed. In these pathological situations, changes in the levels of dopamine-derived alkaloid levels may occur. The possibility that the modifications found might cause or contribute to changes in mental and/or neurophysiological states in these pathological situations is considered.