舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因在高龄患者下肢手术术后镇痛的研究

目的 探讨舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因在高龄患者下肢手术术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)使用的安全性和合适浓度.方法 择期行下肢手术的高龄患者80例,按随机数字表法分为A、B、C、D四组,每组20例,术后PCEA泵内舒芬太尼浓度分别为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 μg/ml,并联合0.125%罗哌卡因.记录术后4、10、24、48 h静息状态时视觉模拟评分(R-VAS)、活动状态时视觉模拟评分(C-VAS)、改良Bromage运动神经阻滞评分、Ramsay镇静评分.观察PCEA泵使用情况及其不良反应.结果 术后各时间点A、B组C-VAS、镇痛药用量、有效按压次数明显高于C、D组(P＜0.01或＜0.05);按压有效率明显低于C、D组(P＜0.05);而C、D组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D组术后10、24 hRamsay镇静评分[(4.5±0.5)、(4.6±0.6)分]明显高于A组[(2.7±0.8)、(2.7±0.8)分]、B组[(2.9±0.9)、(2.7±0.9)分]、C组[(3.0±0.7)、(2.9±0.5)分](P＜0.05).四组患者均未发生低血压和呼吸抑制.结论 四种舒芬太尼剂量联合罗哌卡因用于高龄患者下肢手术术后PCEA均安全有效,其中以0.3μg/ml舒芬太尼浓度联合罗哌卡因镇痛效果更好,且不良反应少.

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Objective To investigate the safty and proper concentration of using the sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) under lower limb surgery in elderly. Methods Eighty patients scheduled for lower limb surgery were divided into 4 groups by random digits table with 20 cases in each. The concentration of the sufentanil were 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 μ g/ml in group A, B, C, D respectively. The concentration of the ropivacaine were 0.125% in each group for the PCEA.R-VAS, C-VAS , Bromage score, Ramsay score, press times ,dosage and side effects were monitored and recorded at 4,10,24 and 48 h after operation. Results Compared with those in group C, D, C-VAS,dosage of the analgesia,press times of PCEA were higher in group A,B (P＜0.01 or ＜ 0.05),the efficacy of press was lower in group A, B(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between group C and group D(P＞0.05 ).The Ramsay score 10,24 h after operation in group D[(4.5 ± 0.5 ), (4.6 ± 0.6) scores] was higher than that in group A,B,C [(2.7 ±0.8), (2.7 ±0.8) scores vs.(2.9 ± 0.9), (2.7 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.0 ±0.7), (2.9 ±0.5) scores] (P ＜0.05). There were no case with hypotension and respiratory depression.Conclusion PCEA of four methods are safe and effective in elderly which 0.3 μ g/ml sufentanil combined with 0.125% ropivacaine have good analgesic effect and less side effect.     

吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术治疗盆腔器官脱垂的临床研究

目的 探讨吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术在治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)中的效果.方法 将60例POP患者按随机数字表法分为吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术组(研究组,30例)、经阴道后路悬吊带术组(P-IVS组,15例)、骶棘韧带固定术组(SSLF组,15例).比较三组手术情况、疗效及随访情况.结果 研究组手术时间[(30.5±5.3)min]较SSLF组[(43.5±10.6)min]缩短(P＜0.05),术后下床时间[(1.5±0.6)d]明显早于SSLF组[(3.1±0.7)d]和P-IVS组[(3.3±0.8)d](P＜0.05).三组患者出院时POP-Q分类法均为0度或Ⅰ度,达到治愈标准.随访3～16个月,研究组复发率和性生活质量下降率[0和3.3%(1/30)]均明显低于P-IVS组[20.0%(3/15)和13.3%(2/15)]和SSLF组[6.7%(1/15)和26.7%(4/15)](P＜0.05).结论 吊带法双侧骶棘韧带固定术是一种操作简单、坚固性强、术后阴道位置没有轴性改变,更符合解剖结构的术式,在治疗POP中有很高的实用价值,值得在临床中推广.

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Objective To investigate the effect of bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods Sixty patients with POP received operation were divided into bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method group (study group,30 cases),posterior intravaginal sling plasty group (P-IVS group, 15 cases) and sacrospinous ligament fixation group (SSLF group, 15 cases) by random digits table. The data of the three groups, such as operation time, bleeding during the operation, indwelling urinary catheter time, duration out of bed after operation, cure rate, recurrence rate and the quality of sexual life were observed. Results The operation time in study group [( 30.5 ± 5.3 ) min] was significantly shorter than that in SSLF group [(43.5 ± 10.6) min](P ＜ 0.05 ), and the duration out of bed in study group [( 1.5 ± 0.6) d] was earlier than that in SSLF group [(3.1 ±0.7) d] and P-IVS group [(3.3 ±0.8) d](P＜0.05). The POP-Q stage of all the patients being hospital was 0 or Ⅰ , approached the cure standard. Patients were followed up for 3-16 months after operation, the recurrence rate and the decrease of the quality of sexual life in study group [0,3.3%(1/30)]were lower than those in P-IVS group [20.0%(3/15),13.3%(2/15)] and SSLF group[6.7%(1/15),26.7%(4/15)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation by Pavlik harness method is a simple, firm operation, and the position of vagina does not axialitily change and suits the anatomy, so it is effective and worth spreading clinically to treat the POP.     

超声在女性压力性尿失禁诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声参数在评估女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)中的作用及意义.方法 应用超声测量46例女性SUI患者(研究组)行经闭孔无张力悬吊带术(TVT-O)前后膀胱颈活动度、膀胱尿道后角、尿道角及残余尿量的变化,并与43例体检正常妇女(对照组)进行比较.结果 研究组术前膀胱颈活动度及膀胱尿道后角[(14.46±1.28)mm、(124.87±2.95)°]大于对照组[(7.47±0.55)mm、(107.83±3.24)°](P＜0.01),尿道角[(23.61±2.28)°]小于对照组[(36.24±2.23)°](P＜0.01);研究组术后各参数与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组术后膀胱颈活动度及膀胱尿道后角[(7.84±0.76)mm、(108.74±3.63).]小于术前(P＜0.01),尿道角[(34.39±3.46).]大于术前(P＜0.01),而残余尿量组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 女性SUI患者经手术治疗后膀胱颈活动度、膀胱尿道后角、尿道角都有不同程度的改变,可以基本恢复到正常状态,且疗效相对稳定;手术不增加患者的残余尿量;超声在排除精神心理因素之后,对客观评估病情轻重和治疗后的恢复状态有着其他检查手段不可代替的优势.

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Objective To evaluate the significance and role of ultrasound parameters in the female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods The changes of the distance of bladder neck mobility,posterior urethra-vesical angle,urethral angle and residual urine volume before and after the operation of transobturator tension-free vaginal tape surgery (TVT-O) for 46 cases of female SUI (experimental group ) by ultrasound were studied,and compared with 43 normal women (control group). Results The experimental group before the operation had the greater distance of bladder neck mobility and posterior urethra-vesical angle [(14.46 ± 1.28) mm, (124.87 ±2.95)°] than the control group [(7.47 ±0.55) mm, (107.83 ±3.24)°] (P ＜ 0.01 ), but the urethral angle [( 23.61 ± 2.28 )°] was smaller than the control group [(36.24 ±2.23 )°] (P ＜ 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the distance of bladder neck mobility, posterior urethra-vesical angle, urethral angle and residual urine volume between the experimental group after the operation and the control group (P ＞ 0.05 ). The experimental group before the operation had the greater distance of bladder neck mobility and posterior urethra-vesieal angle than those after the operation [(7.84±0.76) mm, (108.74±3.63)°] (P ＜0.01), the urethral angle was smaller than that after the operation [(34.39 ± 3.46)°] (P ＜ 0.01 ), but the residual urine volume had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions After the operation, there are some changes in the distance of bladder neck mobility, posterior urethra-vesical angle and urethral angle for the patients with female SUI,and these parameters can be restored the normal state,and have the relatively stable effect. The residual urine volume dosen't increase after the operation. Ultrasound has the advantage in objectively assessing the severity and recovery status after the operation exclusion of mental and psychological factors.     

急性缺血性脑卒中急诊取栓流程优化

目的 评价脑血管病急诊模式优化措施对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者急诊取栓效率的影响.方法 收集本院实施脑血管病急诊模式优化前后收治的AIS患者,采用回顾性分析比较各组患者的相关指标.结果 对照组与优化组各收集到患者49例,两组自接诊到CT检查、送入导管室、静脉溶栓及动脉取栓再通的时间分别为24.1±13.6min vs 13.4±7.6 min,=4.417(P ＜0.001);87.8±48.0min vs 70.6±23.0 min,t=2.095(P=0.020);49.5±24.7 min vs 38.9±12.5 min,t=2.034(P=0.024);197.0±62.3 min vs 142.6±46.6 min,t=4.053(P=＜0.001),差异均具有统计学意义.优化的脑血管急诊模式可显著缩短AIS患者自抵达急诊到CT检查、静脉溶栓、抵达导管室、动脉取栓再通的时间.结论 优化的脑血管急诊模式可显著提高急诊取栓效率.     

矽肺患者氧化应激指标及外周血单核细胞NF-κB水平的变化

目的 观察矽肺患者氧化应激指标及外周血单核细胞NF-κB水平的变化,探讨矽肺发生发展的机制.方法 选择某铸造厂接触矽尘作业工龄在1年以上的工人200例为接尘组,该厂2008年住院及门诊随访的矽肺患者130例为矽肺组,32例0+病例为观察对象组,同时选择某酒店服务人员100例为对照组.分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力,一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),外周血单核细胞核蛋白中NF-κB水平.结果 与对照组比较,接尘组和矽肺组NO含量明显升高,SOD活力明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与对照组及接尘组比较,矽肺组T-AOC水平、NOS活力、MDA含量均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与对照组[(223.360±46.838)U/ml]比较,接尘组及矽肺组GSH-Px活力[(231.164±36.484)、(270.469±39.228)U/ml]明显升高,且矽肺组GSH-Px活力明显高于接尘组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与观察对象组[(256.906±21.418)U/ml]和Ⅰ期矽肺组[(259.594±34.790)U/ml]比较,Ⅲ期矽肺组GSH-Px活力[(290.750±39.129)U/ml]明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组[(59.71±9.27)ng/L]比较,接尘组及矽肺组NF-κB水平[(72.06±9.12)、(85.25±11.64)ng/L]明显升高,且矽肺组NF-κB水平明显高于接尘组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).血清中GSH-Px活力与矽肺分期呈正相关(r=0.507,P＜0.01).外周血单核细胞核蛋白NF-κB水平与矽肺分期、年龄、GSH-Px活力、NO含量呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r值分别为0.376、0.243、0.233、0.221,P＜0.01).结论 机体氧化和抗氧化系统的失衡与矽肺的发生发展有关,并与NF-κB的活化一致.

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Objective To investigate the change of indicators of oxidative stress in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with silicosis, and explore the mechanism of the development of silicosis. Methods The subjects were divided into (1) 200 workers exposed to SiO2 for at least 1 years in a foundry served as the dust-exposure group; (2) 130 cases with silicosis (Ⅰ phase silicosis 64 cases, Ⅱ phase 46 cases Ⅲ phase 20 cases) served as the silicosis goup; (3) 32 cases with 0+ phase silicosis in the foundry served as the observed group,(4)100 subjects from a hotel served as the control group. The serum including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) and NF-κB protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined, respectively. Results Compared with the control group,NO levels in dust-exposed group and silicosis group significantly increased, and SOD decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Compared with the control group and dust-exposed group, T-AOC, NOS, MDA levels in silicosis group significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). GSH-Px in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were (231.164±36.484) and (270.469±39.228)U/md, respectively which were significantly than that [(223.360±46.838) U/ml] in control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of GSHPx between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group significantly (P＜0.01). GSH-Px level [(290.750±39.129) U/ml] in Ⅲ phase silicosis group were significantly higher than those [(256.906±21.41) and (259.594±34.79) U/ml] in observation group and Ⅰ phase silicosis group (P＜0.05). NF-κB levels [(72.06±9.12) and (85.25±11.64) ng/L] in dust-exposed group and silicosis group were significantly higher than that [(59.71±9.27) ng/L] in control group (P＜0.01), and there was significant difference of between the silicosis group and the dust-exposed group (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum GSH-Px level and the silicosis stages (r=0.507,P＜0.0l). Also there was a positive correlation between NF-κB level and silicosis stages, age, GSH-Px or NO levels (r=0.376, 0.243, 0.233, 0.221, P＜0.01). Conclusion The imbalance of oxidative and anti-oxidation system and the activation of NF-κB are related with the occurrence and development of silicosis. The monitoring of oxidative stress indicators and NF-κB is beneficial to the prediction and prognosis assessment of silicosis.     

高频喷射通气对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响

目的 研究高频喷射通气(HFJV)对单肺通气患者氧化应激反应的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术患者45例,按随机数字表法分为双肺通气组(A组)、单肺通气组(B组)、单肺通气时非通气侧给予HFJV(驱动压力1 kg/cm2,频率100次/min)组(C组),每组15例.分别于开胸前(T0),单肺通气后(A组于开胸后)30 min(T1)、90 min(T2)、150 min(T3),手术结束时(T4)测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度.结果 T2～T4时B、C组SOD活性[B组:(47±10)、(37±9)、(41±7)kU/L;C组:(58±12)、(51±11)、(49±9)kU/L]低于A组[(78±8)、(75±7)、(79±6)kU/L](P＜0.05),T1～T4时B、C组MDA、NO浓度高于A组(P＜0.05);T3时C组SOD活性明显高于B组(P＜0.05),T1～T4时C组MDA浓度及T2～T4时NO浓度低于B组(P＜0.05).结论 HFJV能在一定程度上抑制单肺通气患者的氧化应激反应.

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Objective To determine the effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on oxidative stress in patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods Forty-five patients undergoing elective radical esophageal cancer resection were divided into three groups with 15 cases each by random digits table: two lung ventilation group ( group A), OLV group (group B), HFJV- OLV group ( group C, working pressure 1 kg/cm2 and frequency 100 times/min). Venous blood samples were taken before induction (T0),at30min (T1),90min (T2),150min (T3) after OLV and the end of operation (T4) for measuring serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Results SOD was lower at T2-T4 in group B[(47 ± 10), (37 ±9), (41 ±7) kU/L] and group C[(58 ± 12), (51 ± 11), (49 ± 9) kU/L] than those in group A [(78 ±8), (75 ±7), (79 ±6) kU/L](P＜ 0.05),and MDA and NO were lower at T1-T4 in group B and group C than that in group A(P＜ 0.05). SOD was higher at T3 in group C than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05), MDA at T1-T4 and NO at T2-T4 were lower in group C than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion HFJV can effectively decrease oxidative stress in patients during OLV.     

脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者抑郁的治疗研究

目的 评价道家认知疗法对脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者抑郁及生活质量的影响.方法 77例脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期伴发抑郁的老年患者,按随机数字表法分为常规治疗组(38例)和综合治疗组(39例),常规治疗组采用抗抑郁剂联合一般支持性心理治疗,综合治疗组在此基础上进行道家认知治疗,两组均治疗8周,随访6个月.于治疗前,治疗后2、4、8周末及随访期末,采用汉密尔顿抑郁分级量表(HAMD)、脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)分别对患者的抑郁症状及生活质量进行评定,并进行统计学分析.结果 常规治疗组治疗后HAMD评分逐渐下降,治疗后8周[(22.35±4.69)分]与治疗前[(29.62±5.95)分]比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.425,P＜0.01);随访期末HAMD评分[(24.48±4.12)分]又升高,与治疗后8周比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.014,P＜0.05),但较治疗前HAMD评分仍显著降低(t=4.836,P＜0.01).常规治疗组SS-QOL评分在治疗后逐渐升高,治疗后8周[(105.39±25.84)分]与治疗前[(86.63±23.84)分]比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.933,P＜0.01);随访期末SS-QOL评分[(96.09±21.37)分]较治疗后8周又有所下降(t=2.543,P＜0.05),但较治疗前仍显著升高(t=2.790,P＜0.05).综合治疗组治疗后HAMD评分持续下降,治疗后8周[(20.08±4.60)分]及随访期末[(15.21±3.42)分]与治疗前[(30.14±4.92)分]比较差异均有统计学意义(t=8.341、15.443,P＜0.01),并且随访期末HAMD评分显著低于治疗后8周(t=4.724,P＜0.01).综合治疗组治疗后SS-QOL评分呈逐渐升高趋势,治疗后8周[(117.56±26.22)分]及随访期末[(126.57±21.82)分]较治疗前[(86.54±23.90)分]显著升高(t=6.716、8.916,P＜0.01);随访期末SS-QOL评分也较治疗后8周显著升高(t=2.378,P＜0.05).综合治疗组治疗后8周及随访期末HAMD评分显著低于常规治疗组同时间点评分(t=2.118,P＜0.05;t=8.405,P＜0.01),SS-QOL评分显著高于常规治疗组同时间点评分(t=3.123,P＜0.05;t=6.580,P＜0.01).结论 抗抑郁剂联合一般支持性心理治疗或在此基础上进行的道家认知治疗均可不同程度地改善脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期老年患者的抑郁症状,提高其生活质量.道家认知疗法起效虽慢,但远期疗效好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy on depression of aged patients with cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence. Methods Seventy-seven hemiplegia convalescence patients with depression were divided into general treatment group (38 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy) and combined treatment group (39 patients, received general back-up psychology therapy and Taoist cognitive psychotherapy) by random digits table. All patients were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 6 months. Two groups were evaluated with HAMD and SS-QOL before treatment and at the end of the 2 weeks,4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after treatment. The results were analyzed with statistics. Results In general treatment group, the HAMD scores were gradually decreased, and the HAMD scores of patients after 8 weeks' treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment[(22.35 ± 4.69)scores vs. (29.62 ± 5.95 ) scores,t = 6.425 ,P ＜ 0.01]. At the end of 6 months after treatment, the scores increased [(24.48 ± 4.12 ) scores vs. (22.35 ± 4.69 ) scores, t = 2.014, P ＜ 0.05], but they were lower than those before treatment(t = 4.836, P ＜ 0.01 ). At the end of 6 months after treatment, the SS-QOL scores were lower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =2.543,P ＜0.05),but they were higher than those before treatment (t = 2.790,P ＜ 0.05 ). In combined treatment group, the HAMD scores decreased continuously,and the scores after 8 weeks' treatment [(20.08 ± 4.60) scores] and 6 months' treatment [( 15.21 ± 3.42)scores] were significantly lower than those before treatment [( 30.14 ± 4.92 ) scores] (t = 8.341,15.443, P ＜0.01). Meanwhile,the HAMD scores after 6 months'treatment were significantly Iower than those after 8 weeks' treatment (t =4.724,P ＜ 0.01 ). The SS-QOL scores after 8 weeks' treatment [( 117.56 ± 26.22)scores] and 6 months' treatment [(126.57 ±21.82) scores] were significantly higher than those before treatment[(86.54 ± 23.90) scores] (t = 6.716,8.916,P ＜ 0.01 ) ,and there was significantly difference(t=2.378,P ＜ 0.05). The HAMD scores of combined treatment group after 8 weeks' and 6 months' treatment were significantly lower than those of general treatment group at the same time(t = 2.118, P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 8.405,P＜ 0.01 ) ,and SS-QOL scores were significantly higher than those of general treatment group at the same time (t = 3.123,P ＜ 0.05 ;t = 6.580,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions General back-up psychology therapy combined with Taoist cognitive psychotherapy can improve depression and life quality of cerebral stroke hemiplegia convalescence in aged patients. The effects of Taoist cognitive psychotherapy is slower, but it is more beneficial in the long time.     

不同血浆靶浓度的普鲁泊福对鼻内镜手术应激反应的影响

Objective To observe the effect of propofol target controlled infusion with different blood plasma target concentration on stress reaction during the nasal endoscope operation. Methods Sixty patients with ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ scheduled for the nasal endoscope operation were divided into three groups by random digits table: each group was 20 patients, group A, B, C was given propofol target controlled infusion with blood plasma target concentration 3,4,5 μ g/mi respectively. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood glucose, serum cortisol, bispectral index ( BIS ), extubation time were recorded before anesthesia,at 30 min after the operation starting and 60 min after the extubation.Results The descent degree of HR and MAP at 30 min after the operation starting were group C ＞ group B ＞ group A (P = 0.024,0.010 );the descent degree of MAP at 60 min after the extubation were group C ＞group B ＞ group A (P = 0.011 ). BIS and extubation time were 65 ± 8 and (25 ± 7) min in group A, 53 ± 11 and( 36 ± 13 ) min in group B, 45 ± 12 and(45 ± 9 ) min in group C, there were significant differences among three groups(t = 2.476,P= 0.023;t = 2.657,P= 0.012). The blood glucose was increased at 30 min after the operation starting and 60 min after the extubation, the ascensus degree were group A ＞ group B ＞ group C (P= 0.000、0.000);the serum cortisol was decreased at 30 min after the operation starting, the descent degree was group C ＞ group B ＞ group A (P= 0.000), increased at 60 min after the extubation, the ascensus degree was group A ＞ group B ＞ group C (P= 0.001 ). Conclusions Propofol target controlled infusion with blood plasma target concentration 4-5 μ g/ml can ensure eligible depth of anesthesia, decrease pain stimulus, remain stable vital sign,depress the stress reaction caused by nasal endoscope operation efficiently,with short extubation time. It is an eligible blood plasma target concentration.     

哺乳期瘢痕子宫早孕流产方式的临床研究

Objective To estimate abortion ways and announcements of early-staged gestation termination in lactation scarred uterus. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical date of 312 early-staged gestation termination cases in lactation scarred uterus. These cases were divided into three groups based on abortion ways: induced abortion group (group A,92 cases), drugs abortion group (group B,98 cases), misoprostol combined uterine aspiration group (group C,122 cases). The abortive efficiency,operation time, operative bleeding, colporrhagia time, postoperative infection and drug adverse reaction were observed and compared. Results Complete abortion rates in group A (97.8%,90/92) and group C(99.2%,121/122) were significantly higher than that in group B (77.6% ,76/98),colporrhagia times in group A [(5.9 ± 1.1) d] and group C [(5.6 ± 1.2) d] were significantly lower than that in group B [(12.4 ± 1.8) d],postoperative infection and drug adverse reaction rate were lower in group A and group C, with significant difference compared to group B (P ＜ 0.05). The operation time was shorter, bleeding was less,third-grade pain rate was lower in group C, there was significant difference between group A and group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Misoprostol combined uterine aspiration terminated early-staged gestation in lactation scarred uterus is effective and safe, makes the operation easy and simple, decreases the blood loss. The influence to mother and infant is smaller, it is the best abortion style.     

内外源性β-葡萄糖醛酸酶与原发性胆总管结石的关系

目的 探讨内外源性β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(β-G)与原发性胆总管结石的关系.方法 应用改良Fishman法检测35例原发性胆总管结石患者(试验组)和11例胆囊息肉患者(对照组)胆总管内胆汁中内外源性β-G活性.结果 试验组和对照组手术当天胆汁中内源性β-G活性分别为(7859.1±738.5)、(2174.9±348.4)U/L(P＜0.01);外源性β-G活性分别为(6786.1±544.3)、(1504.7±655.7)U/L(P＜0.01);试验组中13例急性患者手术当天与术后第7天胆汁中外源性β-G活性分别为(8935.7±845.9)、(2176.1±956.7)U/L(P＜0.05);22例慢性患者分别为(5137.2±540.7)、(1838.8±733.3)U/L(P＜0.05);急性患者手术当天胆汁中外源性β-G活性明显高于慢性患者(P＜0.05).结论 内、外源性β-G参与原发性胆总管结石的形成.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the role of endogenous and exogenous β-glucuronidase( β-G) in the development of primary common duct stones.Method Using modified Fishman method to test the activities of the endogenous and exogenous β -G in 35 patients with primary common duct stones(experimental group) and 11 patients with cystic polypus (control group) respectively.Results The activities of endogenous β -G in the bile of experimental group and control group were (7859.1 ± 738.5 ),(2174.9 ± 348.4 ) U/L(P ＜0.01).While the activities of exogenous β-G in experimental group and control group were (6786.1 ±544.3),(1504.7 ±655.7) U/L (P ＜0.01).In experimental group,there were significant statistical differences in the activities of the exogenous β -G in the sample obtained on the day of operation and 7 days after operation from 13 cases with the acute inflammation [(8935.7 ± 845.9),(2176.1 ± 956.7) U/L]and from 22 cases with the chronic inflammation [(5137.2 ±540.7),(1838.8 ±733.3) U/L],and there were significant higher in the activities of the exogenous β -G in the sample obtained on the day of operation from the acute inflammation compared to those from the chronic inflammation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions There is obvious correlation between either endogenous or exogenous β -G with primary common duct stones.And the endogenous β -G might be one of the fundamental cause in the development of primary common duct stones. c inflammation (P ＜     

高海拔地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者血清瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平与营养不良的关系

目的 探讨高海拔地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者血清瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平与营养不良的关系.方法 将162例高海拔地区COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病稳定期患者分为营养不良组（A组,n=104）和营养正常组（B组,n=58）,并以40例健康志愿者为对照（C组）.采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清瘦素和TNF-α水平.结果 A组患者的血清瘦素水平为（9.5±1.8）ng/ml,明显高于B组的（7.3±2.0）ng/ml和C组的（6.7±2.3）ng/ml（P均＜0.01）;B组和C组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.A组患者的血清TNF-α水平为（17.3±2.2）ng/ml,明显高于B组的（13.5±2.3）ng/ml和C组的（12.8±2.1）ng/ml（P均＜0.01）;B组和C组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.A组患者的血清瘦素水平与体重指数（r=-0.745,P=0.0005）、理想体重百分比（r=-0.887,P=0.0005）、三头肌皮褶厚度（r=-0.725,P=0.0005）、上臂中部周径（r=-0.761,P=0.0005）和血清白蛋白水平（r=-0.558,P=0.0005）呈显著负相关,与血清TNF-α水平呈显著正相关（r=0.527,P=0.0005）.结论 高海拔地区COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者的血清瘦素和TNF-α水平与营养不良有关.     

低频神经和肌肉刺激仪在分娩镇痛中的应用价值及其对母儿的影响

目的探讨低频神经和肌肉刺激仪在分娩镇痛中的应用价值及其对母儿的影响。方法选择2013年5月至2015年2月在武汉市第五医院住院并自然临产的120例产妇的临床资料,根据患者治疗意愿分为低频神经和肌肉刺激仪组(A组)、椎管内麻醉组(B组)和对照组,每组40例。比较3组产妇各产程时间、各产程疼痛程度、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分及产后并发症。结果 A、B两组产妇第一、二产程及总产程时间[(6.12±2.04)h、(38.72±15.14)min、(6.85±2.10)h;(8.07±2.48)h、(51.92±19.77)min、(9.11±2.52)h]均短于对照组[(10.02±2.53)h、(85.21±21.32)min、(11.65±2.67)h](P0.05),且A组产妇第一、二产程及总产程时间明显短于B组(P0.05);A、B两组产妇第一、二、三产程疼痛程度评分[(3.9±1.5)分、(4.8±2.4)分、(5.4±2.7)分;(3.8±1.6)分、(4.7±2.2)分、(5.2±2.5)分]明显低于对照组[(5.7±2.2)分、(7.4±2.6)分、(9.0±2.8)分](P0.05);A组产妇阴道顺产率(55.0%)明显高于B组(40.0%)及对照组(42.5%)(P0.05);阴道助产率(15.0%)明显低于B组(27.5%)(P0.05),而剖宫产率(30.0%)明显低于对照组(42.5%)(P0.05);A、B两组产后2 h出血量[(127.5±45.4)m L、(211.2±57.8)m L]明显低于对照组[(276.4±64.1)m L](P0.05),且A组产后2 h出血量也明显低于B组(P0.05)。结论低频神经和肌肉刺激仪分娩镇痛效果与椎管内麻醉相似,但可明显缩短产程时间,减少产后2 h出血量,提高阴道顺产率,且对母儿安全可靠。     

自制透视定位器在老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折微创治疗中的应用

目的 比较自制透视定位器与普通定位方法对老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体后凸成形术时,其接受的X线投照量、手术时间的差异.方法 选取68例(75椎)老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,均进行经皮椎体后凸成形术.按照随机数字表法将患者分为两组,采用自制透视定位器34例(39椎)(试验组),采用普通定位方法34例(36椎)(对照组),对两组患者接受的X线投照量、手术时间及术后椎体高度恢复情况进行比较.结果 所有患者手术穿刺均获成功,试验组确定穿刺点时的X线投照量[(196.92±10.93) mA·s]明显低于对照组[(826.67±25.89)mA·s],手术时间[(30.82±0.56) min]明显短于对照组[(56.08±0.93) min],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后3个月,两组伤椎前缘高度升高值比较差异无统计学意义[(2.47±0.18) mm比(2.09±0.21) mm](P＞ 0.05).结论 自制定位器能缩短手术时间,减少X线投照量.自制透视定位器用于经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折是行之有效的方法.     

脑电双频指数值监控镇静深度对妇科腹腔镜术后认知功能的影响

目的观察不同脑电双频指数(Bispectral index,BIS)值监测下对妇科腹腔镜术后认知功能的影响。方法选择2012年4月至2014年12月儋州市第一人民医院妇科择期行腹腔镜手术的患者80例,根据患者BIS值分为2组:A组(40BIS值≤50)42例和B组(50BIS值≤60)38例。简易精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评价认知功能,患者疼痛程度评价使用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 A组麻醉后自主呼吸恢复时间[(3.4±0.9)min]明显短于B组[(5.2±1.6)min](P0.05)。A组麻醉后苏醒时间和拔管时间[(7.7±2.4)min、(8.6±2.3)min]与B组[(7.9±2.5)min、(8.4±2.7)min]比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组麻醉前MMSE评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),麻醉结束拔管1、3 h后MMSE评分两组均明显降低(P0.05),拔管24 h后两组MMSE评分恢复到麻醉前水平(P0.05)。其中麻醉结束拔管1 h后A组MMSE评分显著高于B组(P0.05),拔管3、24 h后两组的MMSE比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组七氟烷用量为(14.3±3.5)m L,显著低于B组的(18.5±4.8)m L(P0.05)。A组24 h后VAS评分为1.8±0.6,B组为1.7±0.5,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 40BIS值≤50组术后患者认知功能障碍较50BIS值≤60组轻,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

不同时期高孕激素下促排卵在高龄卵巢低反应患者助孕中的应用

目的探讨卵泡期外源性高孕激素下促排卵(progestin-primed ovarian stimulation,PPOS)方案、黄体期内源性高孕激素下促排卵(luteal-phase ovarian stimulation,LPOS)方案和拮抗剂方案在高龄卵巢低反应(poor ovarian response,POR)患者体外受精/卵母细胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer,IVF/ICSI-ET)助孕中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年6月于济宁市第一人民医院生殖医学科行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕的高龄POR患者224个控制性超促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)周期的临床资料,根据促排方案不同分为3组,分别为A组(拮抗剂方案,88个周期)、B组(PPOS方案,61个周期)、C组(LPOS方案,75个周期),观察3组患者的助孕效果。结果①A、B、C组患者年龄[(39.65±2.73)岁、(40.16±2.75)岁、(39.89±3.30)岁]、不孕年限[(3.40±2.18)年、(3.92±2.08)年、3.33±2.23)年]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②3组患者周期临床资料比较:A、B、C组患者外源性促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)使用总量[(2124.16±590.44)U、(2075.57±592.18)U、(1993.67±556.60)U]、Gn使用时间[(8.99±2.69)d、(8.77±2.47)d、8.17±2.23)d]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,h CG)日雌二醇(estradiol,E2)水平[(3404.38±1276.94)pmol/L]、h CG日优势卵泡数[(3.09±1.23)个]、卵泡输出率(follicular output rate,FORT)(66.34%)均小于B组[(4085.66±1033.77)pmol/L、(3.70±1.42)个、81.88%]和C组[(3954.49±1150.74)pmol/L、(3.64±1.54)个、81.01%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组早发黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)峰率(6.82%)大于B、C组(1.64%、0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);上述临床资料B组与C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③3组患者实验室指标比较:A组获卵数(88个)多于B、C组(61个、75个)(P<0.05);3组患者成熟卵率(85.27%、86.18%、85.56%)、ICSI率(15.89%、17.05%、16.30%)、2PN受精率(72.09%、74.19%、75.19%)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组卵裂数[(2.31±1.02)个]、可利用胚胎数[(1.63±0.86)个]、优质胚胎数[(1.16±0.78)个]均少于B组[(2.79±1.25)个、(2.07±0.98)个、(1.57±0.74)个]和C组[(2.85±1.29)个、(2.11±0.99)个、(1.53±0.79)个)],周期取消率(21.59%)大于B、C组(8.20%、9.33%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),上述实验室指标B组与C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在高龄POR患者COH周期中,PPOS方案与LPOS方案有相近的促排疗效;与拮抗剂方案相比,PPOS及LPOS方案均能提高高龄POR患者FORT、有效预防早发LH峰、降低周期取消率,获得更多的优质胚胎,提示PPOS及LPOS方案是高龄POR患者理想的COH方案。     

局部应用神经生长因子联合胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠烫伤创面愈合及HIF-1α和VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨局部应用神经生长因子（NGF）和胰岛素对1型糖尿病大鼠烫伤创面中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）和血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响及创面愈合机制。方法雄性wistar大鼠腹腔注射STZ建立糖尿病模型60只,1月后在大鼠背部造成深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,将大鼠随机分为无干预组（B）、胰岛素治疗组（C）、NGF治疗组（D）、NGF联合胰岛素治疗组（E）,并设立正常烫伤对照组（A）,每组15只。观察伤后3、7、11、15、21d各组创面愈合情况,检测创面组织HIF-1α和VEGF的表达。结果E组创面愈合率第7天为[（25．35±2．32）％,P〈0．05],与其他各组相比较显著增加;C、D组创面愈合率较B组显著增加分别为[（16．68±1．95）％,（18．29±1．70）％,P〈0．05];D组自第15天起较A组显著增加[（54．84±3．60）％,P〈0．05];自第7天起E组HIF-1α和VEGF的表达显著低于其他各组（P〈0．05）。结论局部应用NGF联合胰岛素可加速创面愈合,其机制可能通过促进创面微血管再生,纠正局部缺氧。     

二氧化碳气腹对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后早期认知功能S-100β和NSE的影响

目的 探讨二氧化碳气腹对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后早期认知功能S-100β和NSE的变化.方法 选全麻下择期妇科腹部手术60例,分为两组,非气腹组：传统开腹手术30例,二氧化碳气腹腹腔镜手术30例患者.观察患者术前1 d、术后1、6、24、48、72 h和出院前患者认知功能MMSE值变化和术前,术后1h采静脉血用ELISA法血清测定S-100β蛋白和NSE浓度.结果 气腹组MMSE评分在术后1、6、24、48、72 h各时点（24.67±1.47,25.97±1.50,26.77±1.61,27.07±1.87,27.37±2.06）较术前（29.17±0.76）或非气腹组（27.63±1.33,27.27±0.87,28.37±0.85,28.73±0.78）,较术前（29.23±0.86）明显降低（P〈0.01）.术后1 h气腹组和非气腹组S-100β[（0.114±0.012,0.086±0.009）μg/L]和NSE[（13.720±1.330,12.093±0.697）μg/L]与术前[（0.035±0.030,0.035±0.024;5.753±0.889,5.831±0.967）μg/L]相比均明显增高（P〈0.01）.与非气腹组[（0.086±0.009）μg/L]相比,术后1 h气腹组S-100β[（0.114±0.012）μg/L]明显增高（P〈0.05）,而2组术后1h血清NSE[（12.093±0.697,13.720±1.330）μg/L]水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.术后1h非气腹组和气腹组患者血清S-100β或NSE水平与MMSE评分呈正相关（r=0.6412,0.8126,P〈0.01）.非气腹组NSE与MMSE评分无相关（r=0.4397,P〉0.05）.而气腹组NSE与MMSE评分呈正相关（r=0.7111,P〈0.01）.结论 二氧化碳气腹可能影响妇科手术患者的术后早期认知功能MMSE评分与血清S-100β和NSE血清浓度密切相关.     

血液稀释联合氨甲环酸在神经外科手术中的应用

目的探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合氨甲环酸(TA)在神经外科手术中使用的安全性和有效性。方法将40例择期行神经外科手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组20例。两组全身麻醉后均输入6％羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4) 20 ml/kg做AHH,试验组将TA静脉注入负荷量10 mg/kg,以l mg/(kg·h)持续静脉输注直至手术结束;对照组仅做AHH。测定两组AHH前(T0)、AHH完成即刻(T1)、AHH后1 h(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)。并在对应各时点采静脉血测定血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)和凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板计数(Plt)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)。统计两组术中出血量、输血量和输血率。结果两组患者HR、MAP组内各时点及组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),T1、T2时点CVP显著高于T0时点(P＜0.05),T1、T2、T3时点Hb、Hct均显著低于T0时点(P＜0.05)。对照组T2、T3时点PT、APTT明显长于T0时点(P＜0.05);两组T1、T2、T3 时点Plt均显著低于T0时点(P＜0.05),对照组Plt在T2、T3时点较试验组降低更显著(P＜0.01);对照组FIB在T2、T3时点显著低于T0时点(P＜0.05)。试验组术中出血量、输血量、输血率分别为(650±560) ml、( 150±50) ml、30％(6/20),明显低于对照组的(820±410) ml、(380±290) ml、60％(12/20),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论AHH联合TA静脉输注应用于神经外科手术,患者血流动力学稳定,对凝血功能影响小,有明显的节约用血效应。