精神分裂症Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型患者对成人面部表情的辨别

精神分裂症Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型患者对成人面部表情的辨别徐向东吕淑云贾新生倪红孟昭兰新疆石河子绿洲医院北京大学心理系在精神分裂症患者对成人面部表情辨别的研究中，我们发现精神分裂症患者存在着表情辨别障碍［１，２］。在此基础上，我们又研究了精神分裂症Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型患者对...     

孤独症谱系障碍和精神分裂症青少年的面部表情识别能力

目的:探讨孤独症谱系障碍、精神分裂症青少年的面部表情识别能力特点。方法:入组12～18岁孤独症谱系障碍患者77例、精神分裂症患者67例及年龄相匹配的正常发育青少年68例,完成面部表情识别任务测查。结果:孤独症谱系障碍组基础面部表情识别任务总分低于精神分裂症组及正常发育组(Ps<0.05),精神分裂症组和正常发育组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);孤独症谱系障碍组和精神分裂症组间复杂表情识别任务总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组均低于正常对照组(均P<0.001)。结论:孤独症谱系障碍和精神分裂症青少年均存在面部表情识别缺陷,孤独症谱系障碍表现为基础和复杂面部表情识别缺陷,而精神分裂症表现为复杂面部表情识别缺陷。     

氟哌啶醇与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

精神分裂症是一种慢性疾病 ,需长期服药治疗 ,而抗精神病药物在治疗的同时 ,又可出现毒副作用 ,对患者的生活质量产生不利影响。本文就氟哌啶醇与利培酮作一比较研究 ,报道于后。1　对象与方法1.1　研究对象病例选自连续来我院就诊的门诊患者。入组标准 :①患者符合ＣＣＭＤ -Ⅱ -Ｒ精神分裂症诊断标准[1] ,②阳性与阴性症状量表 (ＰＡＮＳＳ)总分≥ 6 0分 ,③年龄在 180～ 5 0岁 ,④病程 3个月～ 2年 ,⑤未经系统治疗 ,⑥无严重躯体疾病。按标准共收集 130名精神分裂症患者 ,随机分为甲、乙两组 ,甲组为氟哌啶醇组 6 4例 ;乙组为利培酮组 6…     

神经症患者的防御方式调查

防御机制是精神动力学派的基本概念之一 ,它被多数学者所接受 ,由于防御机制存在的普遍性 ,以及它对缓和内心冲突的痛苦时具有重要作用 ,故本文初步探讨神经症患者的防御方式特点。1　资料和方法1.1　对象研究组为本院 2 0 0 1年 2月～ 6月住院及门诊病人 ,符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ神经症的诊断标准 ,年龄在18～ 5 5岁 ,小学以上文化程度 ,共 5 6例。男 2 0例 ,女 36例 ,平均年龄 38.2± 7.3岁 ,文化程度 :小学 12例 (2 1% ) ,初中 2 1例 (37% ) ,高中 15例 (2 7% ) ,大学 9例 (16 % )。 5 6例中广泛性焦虑 14例 (其中 1例伴发惊恐障碍 ) ,癔症…     

彩色多普勒血流显像及彩色能量多普勒诊断卵巢肿瘤

本文探讨利用彩色多普勒血流显像 (ＣＤＦＩ)及彩色能量多普勒 (ＣＤＥ)技术 ,对卵巢肿瘤的诊断进行了研究和探讨 ,目的在于能为临床提供一种早期诊断卵巢肿瘤的有效方法。1　材料与方法1.1　研究对象　 1998年 2月 - 2 0 0 0年 3月间 ,在我院妇科住院的卵巢肿瘤患者。肿瘤性质经手术及病理证实。共 6 3例患者 ,年龄 19- 74岁 ,平均 45岁。良性肿瘤患者 34例 ;恶性肿瘤患者 2 9例。1.2　仪器设备　美国百胜ＡＵ3 ＰＡＲＴＮＥＲ全数字化彩色超声多普勒显像仪。经腹探头频率为 3.5ＭＨｚ。1.3　研究方法　为了避免肠道内气体的影响 ,于检查前…     

8年间老年精神障碍患者住院概况

目的:通过回顾性分析某院2009年-2016年8年间住院老年精神障碍患者疾病构成比,为制定防治政策提供数据支持。方法:收集2009-2016年期间65岁及以上老年住院精神障碍患者的一般资料,疾病诊断等信息,并逐年对比,分析其疾病构成的变化。结果:某院2009年至2016年8年间老年住院患者共1513例,其中男性568例(37.54%),女性945例(62.46%),男女比例为1:1.66;年龄65～86岁,平均年龄为69.13±4.13岁,主要集中在65～70岁,占比70.85%;8年间精神障碍构成比相对稳定,疾病顺位前4位分为抑郁症、精神分裂症、器质性精神障碍、双相情感障碍,抑郁症及双相情感障碍所占比例呈上升趋势,精神分裂症所占比例呈下降趋势。结论:抑郁症、精神分裂症、器质性精神障碍及双相情感障碍为老年住院患者的主要精神障碍,以女性患者为主。     

口吃患者MMPI与SAS、SDS的相关分析

口吃是一种常见的言语障碍。在现实生活中困扰着 1- 2 %的人口[1] 。主要表现为发音器官肌肉的痉挛或强直 ,但是其发音器官无任何器质性改变 ,与心理因素关系极大。本研究试图了解口吃患者的人格特征及情绪状态 ,为口吃矫治工作提供一些资料。1　对象与方法1.1对象口吃组 :1996年 8月～ 1997年 3月在沈阳畅通口吃矫正中心接受治疗的口吃患者 10 8名 ,符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ的口吃诊断标准。排除神经系统疾病、言语急促杂乱、抽动障碍、强迫性障碍、精神病性言语零乱。平均年龄 2 1.86± 5.4 3(16～ 4 0 )岁 ,男 70例 ,女 38例。其中学生 89例…     

38例儿童精神分裂症的适应行为评定量表测评分析

采用儿童适应行为量表[1] 对首次就诊的精神分裂症儿童进行测评 ,了解该类儿童适应行为发展的特征 ,为家庭、学校及社会做好早期发现儿童精神分裂症及其康复教育提供有效依据。对象　选自 1997年～ 1999年首次来我院就诊 ,符合ＣＣＭＤ -2 -Ｒ诊断标准[2 ] 的精神分裂症儿童共 38例 ,其中男 2 3例 ,女 15例 ,(6～ 9)岁 11例 ,(10～ 12 )岁 2 7例 ,病程 3月～ 2年 ,平均 (5 37± 2 5 9)月 ,均无家族史 ;对照组随机抽取正常儿童 36 1名 ,其中男193名 ,女 16 8名 ,年龄 (6～ 12 )岁 ,两组年龄与性别无显著性差异 (ｐ >0 0 5 )。方法　采用湖…     

首发精神分裂症与伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者认知功能及DISC1表达的差异性

目的:探讨DISC1内含子9甲基化水平与认知功能在首发精神分裂症患者与伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者间的差异性。方法:选取2016-2018年就诊于河北省精神卫生中心的30例首发精神分裂症患者和30例伴有精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者,分别给予MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、杨氏躁狂量表(YMRS)进行评定,并检测DISC1内含子9位点的甲基化水平。结果:认知功能评定显示,在30～39岁中,首发精神分裂症组患者与伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者在持续操作测验(CPT)存在显著差异且具有统计学意义(t=-3.254,P0.05);在40～50岁中,首发精神分裂症组患者在连线测试(TMT)(t=-3.235,P0.01)和持续操作测验(CPT)上(t=-2.318,P0.05)与伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者间存在差异且具有统计学意义。杨氏躁狂量表(YMRS)评定显示,首发精神分裂症患者与伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者间的差异性有统计学意义(t=-3.952,P0.001)。阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定以及不同年龄段DNA甲基化水显示,两组间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。首发精神分裂症患者DISC1内含子9位点甲基化水平均与TMT、CPT、stroop色词测验及简易视觉空间记忆均无明显相关性。但伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者DISC1内含子9位点甲基化水与CPT间存在正相关(r=0.549,P0.05),与TMT、stroop色词测验及简易视觉空间记忆无明显相关性。结论:伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者部分认知功能优于首发精神分裂症患者,但在其各自DISC1内含子9位点甲基化水平上无显著差异。伴精神病性症状的双相情感障碍患者DISC1内含子9位点甲基化水平与CPT间存在正相关,而首发精神分裂症患者与其认知功能无明显相关性。     

缺陷与非缺陷型精神分裂症的脑电图分析

精神分裂症缺陷型比非缺陷型具有更多的神经系统软体征 ,提示缺陷型精神分裂症的脑器质性改变更为明显[1 ] 。一般而言脑电图 (ＥＥＧ)是脑细胞功能的最直接反应[2 ] ,据此我们对 6 9例住院精神分裂症患者ＥＥＧ进行了分析比较 ,报告如下。1　对象与方法研究对象 :研究对象为临沂市荣军医院住院的男性精神分裂症患者。符合ＣＣＭＤ— 2—Ｒ关于精神分裂症的诊断标准。均无躯体疾病及神经系统疾病 ,检查合作。使用Ｃａｒ ｐｅｎｔｅｒ关于缺陷型综合征的诊断标准对入组病人进行诊断 ,结果 :缺陷型 30例 ,平均年龄 4 3 5± 9 8岁 ,平均病程 18…     

The Watson and the Hovey MMPI scales: Do they measure organicity or “functional” psychopathology?

Both the Hovey MMPI Scale of Organicity and the Watson MMPI SC-0 Scale, developed to differentiate schizophrenics from organics, demonstrated substantial association with psychopathology as measured by the MMPI regular clinical and validity scales. These findings occurred with both penitentiary inmates and psychiatric patients. For the SC-0 Scale the correlations with the regular MMPI Scales for the patients tended to be higher than for the prisoners, presumably because of the greater psychopathology present in the former. With the psychiatric patients there was actually a significant inverse relationship between the organicity direction of SC-0 and Hovey Scales, a finding that had been reported in a previous study. The inference from these findings was that MMPI-based organicity scales probably have seriously limited utility, especially in differentation between organicity and “functional” psychopathology.     

Perception of schizophrenic patients in classifying pictures of facial expression

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of schizophrenics in classifying pictures of various facial expressions. Schizophrenics were divided into five groups according to the duration of their hospitalization. In the first experiment, subjects were instructed to look at the pictures of three different kinds of facial expressions, anger, delight (laughing) and sadness (crying), and classify them into any categories they like. In comparison with normals, schizophrenics had a difficulty in recognizing the differences in the various facial expressions. In the second experiment, subjects were instructed to look at the same pictures and classify them into three groups of different facial expressions. In this case, schizophrenics were able to classify them almost as well as normals.     

A comparison of six MMPI short forms: code type correspondence and indices of psychopathology

Compared six MMPI short forms for their ability to identify code-types and indices of psychopathology obtained from the full length MMPI for samples of renal dialysis patients (N = 53) and paranoid schizophrenics (N = 58). Results suggest that the accuracy of the short forms fluctuates for different patient populations and diagnostic criteria. The longer abbreviated forms are generally more accurate, especially the MMPI-168 and the FAM.     

Differential patterns of responding among three groups of chronic, psychotic, forensic outpatients

Elements of response style were examined among three groups of chronic, psychotic, forensic patients: paranoid schizophrenics (N = 89); undifferentiated-disorganized schizophrenics (N = 38); and schizoaffective patients (N = 53). Forensic patients with elevated MMPI-2 L Scales produced increased percentages of Pure Form (F%) on the Rorschach. A similar relationship occurred when the Rorschach was used as the independent measure. Schizoaffective patients reported more psychotic symptoms on the MMPI-2 and lower F% (Rorschach) than both schizophrenic groups. Although undifferentiated schizophrenics evidenced the most psychopathology on the Rorschach (impaired reality testing and perceptual accuracy disturbance), all three groups produced lower than expected frequencies for Rorschach variables commonly associated with thought disorder and poor reality testing (Exner, 1995b). The clinical importance of using the MMPI-2 and Rorschach in tandem with forensic psychiatric patients is discussed. Our empirical findings suggest the need for forensic evaluators to consider the important relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and response style (defensiveness, denial, illness chronicity, medications, and concurrent Axis II psychopathology) when interpreting often-constricted psychological testing protocols in chronic forensic patient populations.     

Multiple measures of hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia and depression

Electrodermal, electroencephalographic and perceptual measures of lateral hemispheric function were obtained from groups of chronic schizophrenics, depressives and normals on 2 occasions, separated by 4 weeks. The measures of hemispheric function were derived from previous research. About half of the schizophrenics were medicated on both occasions; the other schizophrenics underwent drug 'washout' before the first session. Results revealed that the measures of laterality were not strongly intercorrelated. In the perceptual task, the schizophrenics and normals displayed different laterality effects. Unlike the normals, the schizophrenics' left hemisphere function appeared to be inferior to the right hemisphere function in the perceptual task. The laterality effects of the depressives and normals differed on two electrodermal measures: skin conductance level and skin conductance response amplitude. The depressives' electrodermal activity from the right hand was diminished as compared with the left hand; the normals did not show this effect. Medication decreased electrodermal activity in the schizophrenics, but had no significant effect on laterality. These results suggest that the various measures of laterality used singly in previous research in psychopathology may not all assess the same phenomenon.     

学龄前孤独症谱系儿童对人物面部表情的识别特征

目的:测试学龄前孤独症儿童对人物静态面部表情的识别能力和特点。方法:使用自制人物面部开心、吃惊、害怕、生气、讨厌、伤心、中性七种表情图,对13例4～8岁孤独症男童和23例3～5岁正常对照组男童进行了测试分析,两组儿童在发展年龄上作了匹配(3.66±0.44岁)。结果:两组儿童在识别七种表情照片的正确率上无显著性差异(P>0.05);各表情类别识认比较,孤独症组识别伤心、害怕、讨厌及吃惊表情正确率高于对照儿童(P<0.05);孤独症组识别表情的正确率依次是:开心>伤心>生气>害怕>讨厌>吃惊>中性;而对照组则为:开心>生气>伤心>害怕>中性>讨厌>吃惊。结论:孤独症儿童对七种面部表情的命名性识别与正常儿童无明显差异,但识别基本面部表情的模式与正常儿童有所不同。     

Evoked potential topography in unmedicated and medicated schizophrenics

The main purposes were to determine whether: (1) evoked potential (EP) topography differs from normal in schizophrenics; (2) EP topography is altered by psychotropic drugs. Unmedicated (n=72) and medicated (n=57) schizophrenics were compared with age- and sex-matched non-patients and with one another. EPs to left and right median nerve, visual pattern and auditory stimuli were recorded from 15 leads. EP data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) of EP waveforms, with separate PCAs for later and earlier poststimulus times; 32 factors were extracted. Factor scores, based on factor structure of 195 non-patients, were computed for all subjects. Topographic effects were evaluated by ANOVAs on Z-transformed factor scores. The results were: (1) topographies differed between groups in about one-third of the factors, but variables yielding effects differed between comparisons; (2) topographic differences from normal in unmedicated patients converged at left temporoparietal (higher in schizophrenics) and right fronto-central-temporal areas (lower in schizophrenics); (3) similar convergence was absent in medicated patients; (4) most medicated vs unmedicated patient topographic differences persisted in groups matched for psychopathology. Results appear consistent with “focal cortical arousal” of the left posterior quadrant in schizophrenics (Morihisa and Duffy, 1986) and suggest that medication alters EP topography.     

A comparison of the utility of dimensional and categorical representations of psychosis. UK700 Group.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of any diagnostic scheme is directly related to its ability to provide clinically useful information on need for care. In this study, the clinical usefulness of dimensional and categorical representations of psychotic psychopathology were compared. METHOD: A total of 706 patients aged 16-65 years with chronic psychosis were recruited. Psychopathology was measured with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Lifetime RDC, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10 diagnoses and ratings of lifetime psychopathology were made using OPCRIT. Other clinical measures included: (i) need for care; (ii) quality of life; (iii) social disability; (iv) satisfaction with services; (v) abnormal movements; (vi) brief neuropsychological screen; and (vii) over the last 2 years--illness course, symptom severity, employment, medication use, self-harm, time in hospital and living independently. RESULTS: Principal component factor analysis of the 65 CPRS items on cross-sectional psychopathology yielded four dimensions of positive, negative, depressive and manic symptoms. Regression models comparing the relative contributions of dimensional and categorical representations of psychopathology with clinical measures consistently indicated strong and significant effects of psychopathological dimensions over and above any effect of their categorical counterparts, whereas the reverse did not hold. The effect of psychopathological dimensions was mostly cumulative: high ratings on more than one dimension increased the contribution to the clinical measures in a dose-response fashion. Similar results were obtained with psychopathological dimensions derived from lifetime psychopathology ratings using the OCCPI. CONCLUSIONS: A dimensional approach towards classification of psychotic illness offers important clinical advantages.     

A Psychometric Study of Surface Electrode Placements for Facial Electromyographic Recording: I. The Brow and Cheek Muscle Regions

Despite the burgeoning literature using facial electromyography (EMG) to study cognitive and emotional processes, the psychometric properties of facial EMG measurement have received little attention. Two experiments were conducted to assess the reliability and validity of facial EMG as a measure of specific facial actions. In Experiment 1, two recording sites in the brow region were compared for their ability to differentiate facial actions hypothesized to be due to the activation of the corrugator supercilii from facial actions presumed to be due to the activation of proximate muscles (e.g. depressor supercilii, procerus, frontalis, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, orbicularis oculi), and four sites in the infraorbital triangle were compared for their ability to differentiate facial actions hypothesized to be due to the activation of the zygomaticus major from facial actions presumed to be due the activation of proximate muscles (e.g. zygomaticus minor, risorius, buccinator, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris). Fifteen subjects were instructed to pose a series of facial actions while EMG activity was sampled simultaneously at all sites. In Experiment 2, 5 subjects returned to the laboratory for a more extensive investigation of surface EMG activity over the zygomaticus major muscle region. The results of this experiment confirmed the findings of Experiment 1. Overall, the results demonstrate that certain recording sites located over specific facial muscle regions are more sensitive and valid indices of particular facial actions than other nearby sites.     

Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症流行病学对比分析

目的：比Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型精神分裂症的患病率及其在不同人群中的分布特征,对其治疗、精神状态及神经功能进行评定。方法：采用分层机整群抽样方法在山东省统一抽样,采用国际统一的调查流程、筛查工具和诊断标准对调查人群进行线索和逐户调查。结果：共调查84767人,检出符合ICD－10诊断标准的精神分裂症患者296例,其中Ⅰ型精神分裂症186例,患病率为2．19‰,Ⅱ型精神分裂症72例,患率病率为0．85‰,Ⅱ型精神分裂症的患病率明显低于Ⅰ型,两组治疗情况无差异。但Ⅱ型精神分裂症比Ⅰ型预后差,社会功能受损较严重。结论Ⅰ型精神分裂症的患病率高于Ⅱ型,两组患者的预后和社会功能缺陷具有明显差异。