耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺切除术（附32例报告）

报告３２例耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺时除术治疗良性前列腺增生症。手术顺利，手术时间平均４２分，术中平均出血４０ｍｌ，切除腺体平均５２．４ｇ，术后无出血、感染、尿失禁等并发症，随访半个月～２３个月，排尿通畅，剩余尿０～３０ｍｌ，平均最大尿流率＞１８ｍｌ／ｓ。认为该术式保留了完整的尿道连续性，术后恢复快，并有操作简便，出血少，并发症少等特点。对术中操作要领，适应证等进行了讨论。     

耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺切除术

报告３２例耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生症。手术顺利，手术时间平均４２分，术中平均出血４０ｍｌ，切除腺体平均５２．４ｇ，术后无出血、感染、尿失禁等并发症，随访半个月－２３个月，排尿通畅，剩余尿０－３１ｍｌ，平均最大尿流率〉１８ｍｌ／ｓ     

保留尿道前列腺切除术360例报告

目的：探讨前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的理想术式。方法：采用保留尿道前列腺切除术治疗ＢＰＨ３６０例,其中作耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术（Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ术）３２５例,作耻骨上经膀胱保留尿道前列腺切除术３５例。结果：两种术式术中视野显露良好,操作准确、简易,术后恢复快,出血少,并发症少,随访３￣６０个月,疗效满意。结论：保留尿道前列腺切除术是治疗ＢＰＨ较为理想的开放术式。     

耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺鞘形切除术（附42例报告）

耻骨上经膀胱保留后尿道前列腺鞘形切除术（附４２例报告）杜德君叶敏我院自１９９３年１０月～１９９５年１０月对耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术式进行了改进，设计耻骨上保留后尿道前列腺鞘形切除术，共做４２例。疗效满意，报告如下。临床资料本组４２例。年龄６０～８４岁...     

耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术67例报告

报告采用经耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生６７便，术后随访３￣１８个月，疗效满意，认为本手术具有不损伤尿道，术后恢复快，并发症少，保留顺行射精，简单易行等优点，适用于除外前列腺纤维化，前列腺肿瘤的前列腺增生患者。     

耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术52例报告

应用耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术治疗前列腺增生症５２例。本术式保留了尿道和精道的完整性。结果所有患者术后首镒排尿均通畅，无尿失禁，血尿或仅有轻度血尿，无需膀胱冲洗，留置导管时间短。术后２周尿流动力学检查，每次尿量２１０－４３０ｍｌ，平均尿流率１２－１５ｍｌ／ｓ，Ｂ超测定残余尿量３－１０ｍｌ。     

Madigan前列腺切除术中结扎膀胱下动脉的外科解剖及临床应用

在３２具成人尸体前列腺血管解剖基础上设计出Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ前列腺切除术中结扎膀胱下动脉的方法，以预防术中出血。临床应用此术治疗前列腺增生症３２例，结果术中出血明显减少，术后随访３￣２２个月，全部患者无再次排尿困难，疗效满意。对术中操作要点，适应证等进行了讨论，认为手术具有不损伤尿道，出血少，并发症少，保留性功能，简便易行等优点，值得推广。     

结扎前列腺动脉尿道外前列腺切除术疗效观察

采用结扎前列腺动脉尿道外前列腺切除术（Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ术式）治疗前列腺增生症５０例，结果５０例均无手术并发症，失血量平均为２１８ｍｌ，无输尿管损伤，保留了前行射精功能。认为尿道外前列腺切除术可保持尿道的完整性，不会有尿液外渗和血液进入尿路；预先结扎前列腺动脉，可提供一个无血的操作环境，使手术从容进行。进一步证实Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ术式疗效较好，并发症少，值得临床应用。     

改良Madigan前列腺切除术50例体会

１９９３年１１月－１９９４年１２月对５０例良性前列腺增生症患者采用改Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ前列腺切除术。本手术特点在于钝性分离前列腺与尿道之间的组织，切除整个增生的腺体组织，同时也能将突入膀胱内中叶予以切除，而且保留完整尿道与膀胱颈，术后渗血少，膀胱冲洗后冲洗液很快清亮，并发症术。     

Madigan前列腺增生切除术

为了提高前列腺增生症的手术治疗效果，采用Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ手术治疗前列腺增生症患者２５例。１５例尿道完整，１０例损伤尿道缝合修复；术后出血少、恢复快；随访４～２５个月，无尿道狭窄、尿失禁等并发症。对手术优点、术中注意事项及适应证的选择进行了讨论。     

高功率绿激光治疗高龄高危前列腺疾病的疗效评价

目的探讨120W高功率绿激光选择性前列腺汽化术（HPS PVP）治疗高危前列腺疾病的疗效及安全性。方法对31例高危前列腺疾病患者进行HPS PVP。其中前列腺增生24例,前列腺癌7例。对手术时间、出血量、光纤能量消耗、术后留置导尿时间、并发症、最大尿流率、IPSS、QOL、残余尿等指标进行评价。结果 29例顺利完成手术。手术时间30～85min,平均（43±18.4）min。术中出血20～50mL,平均（26±10.7）mL。无输血病例。术中光纤能量平均消耗（247±38.1）kJ。术后留置导尿管时间24～96h,平均（38.8±15.1）h。无尿失禁、继发性出血、急性尿潴留再次手术病例。术后1月最大尿流率由术前平均（5.2±2.7）mL/s提高到（15.3±4.8）mL/s。IPSS评分由术前平均（24.4±3.2）减少到（7.8±2.5）。QOL由术前平均（5.1±0.3）减少到（2.5±0.2）。残余尿量由术前平均（251.3±38.8）mL减少到术后（32.5±9.2）mL。手术前后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 120W高功率PVP治疗高龄高危前列腺疾病患者,具有手术时间短,出血少,安全性高,术后并发症少,留置导尿管时间短等优点。不仅可作为高龄高危良性前列腺增生患者,也可作为前列腺癌患者首选的手术方式。     

老年急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗体会(附50例报告)

目的:探讨为老年急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2006年10月至2008年10月为50例老年急性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料。结果:47例成功施行LC,手术时间35～155min,平均65min,术后1～3d恢复进食,术后住院3～10d,平均6d;腹腔镜下行胆囊造瘘术1例;中转开腹2例,手术成功率94%。1例术后并发肺内感染,经对症治疗后痊愈。无死亡病例及胆漏、出血等术后并发症发生。结论:只要病例选择得当,LC可作为治疗老年急性胆囊炎的理想术式。     

Accuracy in preoperative estimation of prostatic size. A comparative evaluation of rectal palpation, intravenous pyelography, urethral closure pressure profile recording and cystourethroscopy

In a prospective study of 75 patients with prostatic hypertrophy a comparison was undertaken of the accuracy in estimates of operative prostatic weight from conventional preoperative investigations. Estimates from rectal digital palpation alone and from intravenous pyelography (prostatic impression, elevation of the bladder base as well as the configuration of distal ureters) were without significant correlation to operative weights, and were not found useful for preoperative estimation of prostatic size. Prostatic length in urethral closure pressure profile measurements as well as the distance from bladder neck to verumontanum and the weight estimated at cystourethroscopy were statistically significantly correlated to operative weights with a coefficient of correlation in the order of 0.5 and were judged useful, although not very precise in the clinical work.     

What factors influence the results of coronary artery bypass grafting in aged patients?

AIM: Early and late results were studied in order to improve the indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to enhance RESULTS: METHODS: A total of 1 973 patients aged 70 years and older who had undergone isolated CABG were studied. Elective operations (EL) were performed in 1 716 patients and 257 patients underwent urgent or emergency operations (UR/EM). Patients were divided into two groups; 104 patients aged 80 years and older (Oct. Group) and 1 869 patients of septuagenarians (Sept. Group). There were no differences between the groups in the number of diseased vessels. RESULTS: Total operative mortality rates in the Oct. and the Sept. groups were 7% and 4%, respectively. The operative mortality of elective surgery was 4% in both groups. The operative mortality of UR/EM CABG was significantly higher in the Oct. group than in the Sept. group (21% vs 6%). Operative mortality was significantly higher in patients with preoperative poor (<49%) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than in patients with higher (>50%) LVEF (6% vs 3%). Among preoperative risk factors, diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease were significant contributory factors to operative death. In the follow-up study, 70% patients of the Oct. group and 72% patients of the Sept. group survived. Preoperative number of diseased vessels and number of CABG grafts did not influence the early and late RESULTS: CONCLUSION: Preoperative poor LVEF, diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular disease were significant contributory factors to operative death. When feasible, CABG in octogenarians should be performed electively.     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

应用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）治疗良性前列腺增生症１２０例。手术时间平均５０分钟，出血量平均３０ｍｌ，术后不需要膀胱持续冲洗。留置导尿管时间平均２６．５小时，拔管后病人排尿通畅。前列腺症状评分从术前２０．９降至术后３个月的５．１，最大尿流率从术前１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ增加至术后３个月的１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ。ＴＶＰ具有疗效显著，并发症少、技术简单易掌握，价格较低和住院时间短等优点。     

Transurethral versus transvesical prostatectomy. Physiological strain

The present randomized study evaluated the physiological strain in transurethral (TURP) versus transvesical (TVP) prostatectomy in 75 patients with clinically benign, medium-sized prostatic enlargement. In both groups 5 patients had coincidental prostatic carcinoma. During TURP a suprapubic trocar was inserted for irrigation with 1.5% glycine. Antibiotics were given to patients with preoperative urinary tract infection and postoperatively tranexamic acid was administered to all patients. Coexisting diseases which might increase the operative risk were equally present in TURP and TVP patients. No patient died in connection with the operative procedures. Median duration of anaesthesia for TVP was 95 min and for TURP 60 min (p less than 0.001). Almost identical operative blood loss was seen in the two groups. However, more blood transfusion were given to TVP patients. Following discharge, more episodes of bleeding were registered in the TURP group, but no significant difference was observed in number of secondary operations for bleeding. In the TVP group, more patients had pulmonary complications, elevated rectal temperature as well as antibiotic treatment and 34% of these patients developed wound infection. Secondary operations before discharge were also more frequently undertaken in TVP patients. No differences between the two groups were seen pre- or postoperatively with respect to electrolyte, protein, creatinine and haemoglobin values. In the patients with incidental prostatic carcinoma a TURP was the most gentle procedure. With respect to physiological strain a TURP is clearly to be preferred over a TVP for obstructive clinically benign, medium-sized prostatic hyperplasia.     

腹腔镜巨大前列腺囊腺瘤切除一例报告并文献复习

目的提高对巨大前列腺囊腺瘤的认识。方法回顾性分析收治的1例巨大前列腺囊腺瘤并成功进行腹腔镜切除的临床资料,结合文献复习进行讨论。结果本例患者成功行腹腔镜完整切除,手术时间125min,出血量60ml,术中双侧精囊输精管完整保留,术后会阴部坠胀不适消失,复查精液常规精子数目及活动度正常。已随诊12个月,肿瘤无复发。结论巨大前列腺囊腺瘤罕见,最终确诊要依靠病理诊断,其最有效的治疗是手术完整切除,而腹腔镜途径可作为完整切除的微创手段。     

等离子刀腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性病变252例临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢良性病变行等离子刀腹腔镜手术治疗的有效性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2006年10月至2009年10月为252例卵巢良性病变患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:246例成功完成腹腔镜手术,成功率97.6%,手术时间30～120min,平均60min;术中出血10～60ml,平均18ml,住院3～5d。无并发症发生。结论:术者若具备熟练的腹腔镜操作技术,熟知器械性能,为卵巢良性病变患者行腹腔镜手术安全可行。     

尿道下裂与扩大的前列腺囊

目的　探讨尿道下裂患者扩大的前列腺囊发生率及对尿道成形术的影响与处理方法。　方法　通过体检、尿道造影、尿道膀胱镜检查对 52例尿道下裂患者扩大的前列腺囊的发病率及程度 ,单纯尿道下裂与同时合并扩大的前列腺囊患者尿道成形术后尿瘘发生率进行分析。　结果　 52例中合并扩大的前列腺囊 1 6例 ,占 31 %。阴茎头型 5例、阴茎型 8例、阴茎阴囊型 2 0例、会阴型 1 9例 ,合并扩大的前列腺囊分别为 0、1、6、9例 ,且随尿道下裂严重程度的增加级别增高。术后尿瘘发生率单纯尿道下裂为 1 8.2 % ,合并扩大的前列腺囊者为 4 6 .7%。　结论　随尿道下裂程度增加 ,扩大的前列腺囊发生率及程度增加 ,术后尿瘘发生率亦逐渐增加。     

可旋转铰链式膝关节在骨肿瘤保肢术中的应用

[目的]探讨膝关节肿瘤的保肢治疗以及可旋转铰链式膝关节在保肢手术中的适应证及手术方法.[方法]自1997年10月～2004年10月作者采用可旋转铰链式膝关节置换膝关节肿瘤病人11例11膝.所有病例均进行了随访,随访时间最长7 a,最短6个月,采用HSS（hospital for special surgery）评分标准对手术疗效进行评价.[结果]所有患者术后评分均为优.11例假体无1例松动,4例恶性骨肿瘤2例软骨肉瘤随访已过3 a,现生存良好.1例股骨骨肉瘤于术后1 a出现股骨近端部位跳跃转移,后截肢.1例骨肉瘤于1 a 8个月出现肺转移,1例骨巨细胞瘤于术后1 a出现肺部转移,现仍存活,关节功能良好.[结论]可旋转铰链式膝关节置换膝关节肿瘤病人是一种有效的保肢方法,但选择适应证应慎重.