Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment

Background and Objectives:

Fistula in ano is a common disease seen in the surgical outpatient department. Many procedures are advocated for the treatment of fistula in ano. However, none of the procedures is considered the gold standard. The latest addition to the list of treatment options is video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT). It is a minimally invasive, sphincter-saving procedure with low morbidity. The aim of our study was to compare the results with a premier study done previously.

Methods:

The procedure involves diagnostic fistuloscopy and visualization of the internal opening, followed by fulguration of the fistulous tract and closure of the internal opening with a stapling device or suture ligation. The video equipment (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was connected to an illuminating source.

Results:

The study was conducted from July 2010 to March 2014. Eighty-two patients with fistula in ano were operated on with VAAFT and were followed up according to the study protocol. The recurrence rate was 15.85%, with recurrences developing in 13 cases. Postoperative pain and discomfort were minimal.

Conclusion:

VAAFT is a minimally invasive procedure performed under direct visualization. It enables visualization of the internal opening and secondary branches or abscess cavities. It is a sphincter-saving procedure and offers many advantages to patients. Our initial results with the procedure are quite encouraging.     

结核性肛瘘的诊治体会

为探讨结核性肛瘘的诊治特点,以提高其一次性治愈率,减少误诊、误治,回顾分析2001年10月至2009年9月我科收治的2]例结核性肛瘘患者的资料。结果显示,21例患者均～次性治愈,创口均一期愈合,愈合时间为17～52d,平均34d。术后无肛门畸形及肛门功能障碍等后遗症。随访1～5年,无复发。结果表明,结核性肛瘘的病理检查具有特征性改变。结核性肛瘘一次性治愈的关键,除早期手术彻底清除病灶外。全程、足量、规律、联合的正规抗结核治疗亦十分重要。术后中药熏洗坐浴和利福平纱条换药,可加速创口愈合。     

手术治疗复杂性肛瘘106例临床观察

为观察手术治疗复杂性肛瘘的疗效,针对一个内口的复杂性肛瘘,采用狭长U形切口处理内口和主管,再根据具体情况处理支管,治疗复杂性肛瘘106例,结果治愈率100％,无并发症。随访1～6年,复发3例,复发率2．8％。结果表明,该方法治疗复杂性肛瘘,愈合快,瘢痕小,对肛门功能影响小。     

Ozone Treatment for Chronic Anal Fistula: It Is Not Promising

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of ozone gas in the treatment of anorectal fistulae. The tip of a 20 G intravenous cannula was inserted from the fistula orifice. Medical ozone was introduced into the fistula. A total of 10 sessions of ozone gas insufflation was performed on alternate days. Treatment was considered to be successful if fistula discharge ceased and the outer fistula orifice closed; however, if discharge was continued or outer fistula orifice was open, the treatment considered to be failed. A total of 12 adult patients were included in the study. The fistula was closed in three patients (25 %), in nine patients (75 %) without closure. In one patient who had fistula closure, the fistula recurred after 2 months. Patients did not express any discomfort during ozone insufflation. There were no side effects or complications due to ozone insufflation. The success rate of ozone insufflation in anorectal fistulae closure is low.     

经括约肌间瘘管结扎术与肛瘘切开术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘

目的:比较经括约肌间瘘管结扎术(LIFT)与肛瘘切开术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘的临床效果和安全性。方法:采用随机、盲法、平行、对照的临床研究方法,将90例符合纳入标准的低位单纯性肛瘘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各45例,观察组行LIFT术治疗,对照组行肛瘘切开术治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用、创面愈合时间、临床总有效率、术后肛门疼痛、肛门功能、并发症、复发率、患者满意度。结果:观察组手术时间(34.7±4.06)min,长于对照组的(21.7±3.91)min;观察组创面愈合时间(13.49±2.73)d,明显短于对照组的(21.67±2.81)d(P0.05)。观察组术后疼痛评分和肛门功能评分在各时点均低于对照组(P0.05)。两组在术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用、总有效率、并发症发生率、复发率、患者满意度方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:LIFT术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘,能缩短创口愈合时间、减轻术后疼痛,且有效保护肛门括约肌功能;但在手术时间和治愈率稳定性方面,与肛瘘切开术比较不具备优势。     

多内口肛瘘治疗的临床总结

目的：探讨并总结多内口肛瘘的有效治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析近11年采用肛瘘切开旷置或切开挂线术治疗多内口肛瘘37例的临床疗效。结果：36例（97．3％）痊愈，1例（2．7％）经第二次手术痊愈，有效率100％，无肛门畸形、肛门狭窄、肛门失禁、漏液、漏气及排便困难等并发症。术后随访1～3年，无复发病例。结论：采用切开旷置或切开挂线术也适用于治疗多内口肛瘘，而且效果好，并发症少，无后遗症。     

中西医结合治疗婴幼儿肛瘘31例

报告婴幼儿肛瘘３１例，采用手术治疗和中药换药治疗，全部治愈。并结合文献，分析了婴幼儿肛瘘的病因和治疗等问题，认为婴幼儿肛瘘的病因多为后天感染所致，治疗上应以手术治疗为主，并特别强调对肛管前庭瘘应分步手术，以免引起肛门失禁。     

复杂性肛瘘64例手术治疗体会

为总结复杂性肛瘘的手术治疗体会,回顾分析接受手术治疗的64例复杂性肛瘘患者资料。对其中低位复杂性肛瘘采用单纯切开法治疗,外口距肛门较近的高位复杂性肛瘘采用切开挂线法治疗。外口距肛门较远的高位复杂性肛瘘采用开窗加切开挂线法治疗,蹄铁型肛瘘采用皮桥旷置法或切开缝合法治疗,术后给予全面护理。结果显示,1次手术治愈63例（98．4％）,2次手术治愈1例。术后随访半年,均无复发．无肛门失禁和肛门畸形等后遗症发生。结果表明,复杂性肛瘘以手术治疗为主,术式选择应根据患者具体病情而定,术后全面护理是于术成功的保障。     

The Optimal Primary Treatment for Pediatric Perianal Abscess and Anal Fistula: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundPerianal abscesses and anal fistulas are common. The principle of intention-to-treat has not been considered in previous systemic reviews. Thus, the comparison between primary and post-recurrence management was confused, and the recommendation of primary treatment is obscure. The current study aims to identify the optimal initial treatment for pediatric patients.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar without any language or study design restriction. The inclusion criteria include original articles or articles with original data, studies of management for a perianal abscess with or without anal fistula, and patient age of <18 years. Patients with local malignancy, Crohn's disease, or other underlying predisposing conditions were excluded. Studies without analyzing recurrence, case series of <5, and irrelevant articles were excluded in the screening stage. Of the 124 screened articles, 14 articles had no full texts or detailed information. Articles written in a language other than English or Mandarin were translated by Google Translation first and confirmed with native speakers. After the eligibility process, studies that compared identified primary managements were then included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsThirty-one studies involving 2507 pediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. The study design consisted of two prospective case series of 47 patients and retrospective cohort studies. No randomized control trials were identified. Meta-analyses for recurrence after initial management were performed with a random-effects model. Conservative treatment and drainage revealed no difference (Odds ratio [OR], 1.222; 95% Confidential interval [CI]: 0.615–2.427, p = 0.567). Conservative management had a higher risk of recurrence than surgery without statistical significance (OR 0.278, 95% CI: 0.109–0.707, p = 0.007). Compared with incision/drainage, surgery can prevent recurrence remarkably (OR 4.360, 95% CI: 1.761–10.792, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis of different approaches within conservative treatment and operation was not performed for lacking information.ConclusionStrong recommendations cannot be made due to the lack of prospective or randomized controlled studies. However, the current study based on real primary management supports initial surgical intervention for pediatric patients with perianal abscesses and anal fistula to prevent recurrence.Level of evidenceType of study: Systemic review; Evidence level: Level II.     

Setons in the Treatment of Anal Fistula: Review of Variations in Materials and Techniques

Aim: Anorectal fistulas have been a common surgical problem since ancient times. Age-old seton techniques are still practicedsuccessfully in the treatment of complex anal fistulas. Many variations in materials and techniques are described in the literature. The selection of a seton type and technique depends on personal preferences. Our aim was to put together all the available variations in materials and techniques for seton treatment. This comprehensive review will help the surgeon to become more familiar with the various options available with regard to materials and techniques. Methods: A review of the literature using Medline was done using the Key Words 'anal fistula' and 'seton'. All articles published in English were reviewed. The articles which had variations in materials and techniques for seton treatment were studied. Results: Various aspects of variations in materials, insertion techniques, maintenance of tension, mechanisms of action, drainage techniques and changing the seton have been elaborated in detail. Conclusions: Throughout this paper we present the various available variations in setons with regard to materials, placement and maintenance techniques. This study will help clinicians in choosing a new seton variation or modifying their current method of treatment with setons.     

手术治疗肛管后深间隙的肛周脓肿和肛瘘

为探讨手术治疗肛管后深间隙的肛周脓肿和肛瘘的疗效,选择肛尾韧带外侧缘为切口,切开肛管后深间隙处的脓肿或瘘管,彻底处理好内口,支管采用挂浮线的方法处理,保护好肛尾韧带,以免造成术后肛门移位。临床治疗经肛管后深间隙的肛周脓肿和肛瘘47例,一次治愈45例,二次治愈2例,无肛门移位、畸形,疗效满意。     

挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘

目的 探讨挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的效果。方法采用挂线、瘘道旷置引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘76例。结果30d内治愈率达100％，随访2～3年，仅1例复发，远期治愈率为98．7％，术后无肛门变形、皮肤缺损、肛门失禁或狭窄等后遗症。结论该方法治疗高位复杂性肛瘘方法简便、疗效可靠。     

小切口多切口引流加挂线治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床观察

为探讨小切口、多切口引流加挂线治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的效果,将51例高位复杂性肛瘘患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组（27例）采用小切口、多切口引流加挂线术,对照组（24例）采用切开缝合引流术,对比分析两组患者的疗效。结果显示,两组患者治疗均有效,但试验组在术后疼痛、术后出血、术后水肿、控便功能方面均明显优于对照组,P〈0．05;试验组各指标总评分亦明显低于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,小切口、多切口引流加挂线治疗高位复杂性肛瘘疗效肯定,术后疼痛轻、出血少、水肿轻,患者控便功能良好。     

瘘管挂线术联合孕三烯酮治疗肛瘘合并子宫内膜异位症的疗效观察

为观察瘘管挂线术联合孕三烯酮治疗肛瘘合并子宫内膜异位症的临床疗效,将肛瘘合并子宫内膜异位症患者30例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组15例.观察组患者采用瘘管挂线术联合孕三烯酮进行治疗,对照组患者采用瘘管挂线术联合醋酸甲孕酮进行治疗,比较2组患者的疗效、治疗前后激素水平变化及不良反应发生情况.结果显示,观察组患者总有效率高...     

肛门括约肌间切开术治疗高位肛瘘的临床研究

目的:研究肛门括约肌间切开术治疗高位肛瘘之临床疗效.方法:将72例高位肛瘘患者按随机数字表法随机分为对照组(切开挂线术组)和试验组(括约肌间切开术组),各36例.比较两组手术基本情况、临床疗效、肛门功能、创面面积、局部疼痛及并发症等方面的差异.结果:试验组住院时间(8.22±2.10)d,短于对照组的(14.17±2....     

三线引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘50例临床分析

为总结三线引流术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床经验,回顾性分析采用三线引流术治疗50例高位复杂性肛瘘的临床资料。三线引流术即高位主管皮筋挂线勒割引流、低位支管对口拖线隧道引流、高位支管药线腐蚀脱管引流。结果显示,50例全部治愈,其中一期治愈48例,一期治愈率达96％,2例双侧高位主瘘管,经分期手术治愈。术后随访0．5～2年,均无复发,肛门功能正常,无肛门畸形、失禁发生。结果表明,三线引流术是治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的理想方法。     

A Newly Designed Anal Fistula Plug: Clinicopathological Study in an Experimental Iatrogenic Fistula Model

We report on a clinicopathologic study in an animal model of treatment with a new bioabsorbable polymer plug (BAPP). Over a 2-week period, 6 porcine models, which each had 4 anal fistulae, were created using Blake drains. The pigs were divided into 2 groups: the BAPP-treatment group (n = 12 fistulae) and the control group (n = 12 fistulae). Two weeks later, the pigs were humanely killed, and the perianal sites were excised and examined with gross and pathologic studies. Each fistula in the BAPP group was completely cured. In the pathologic study, the treatment sites had little disarray, few defects in the muscular layer, and small numbers of inflammatory cells. The control group had a significantly greater number of inflammatory cells and microabscesses than the BAPP group. The newly developed BAPP reduced the infection and induced good healing in anal fistulae. The BAPP may be a useful new device for the clinical treatment of anal fistulae.