RNA干扰技术在大肠癌治疗中的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNAi）是近几年发展起来的一种阻抑内源基因表达的新方法,是由双链RNA诱发的发生在转录后水平的基因沉默。RNAi技术在逆基因分析及基因治疗中已有广泛的应用。大肠癌的发生是一种多基因、多因素相互作用的结果,目前对于大肠癌基因治疗的实验研究已经有了很大的突破。RNAi与传统的基因治疗手段相比,具有沉默效果好、作用稳定等优点。     

RNA干扰技术及其在肾癌基因治疗中的进展

RNA干扰（RNAi）是指生物体内由双链RNA（dsRNA）介导同源序列mRNA的特异性降解，从而导致基因沉默的现象。近年来，随着对RNAi研究的不断深入，其作用机制逐步阐明；同时作为阻断基因表达的新手段，RNAi技术也日趋成熟。它具有高效性和特异性，为RNAi在肿瘤基因治疗方面的应用提供了有力的工具。本文对RNAi技术及其在肾癌基因治疗研究中的进展作一综述。     

利用RNA聚合酶Ⅲ依赖的启动子实现条件性RNA干扰

RNA干扰(RNA interference，RNAi)是指由双链RNA引发的同源mRNA特异性降解过程，目前已成为功能基因组学研究的有力工具，并广泛应用于肿瘤基因治疗研究领域。载体介导的RNAi是向细胞内引入小干扰RNA(small interference RNA)的经济、有效的方法，然而由于用来引导siRNA表达的U6、H1等RNA聚合酶Ⅲ依赖的启动子均没有可诱导性或组织特异性，所以在研究特定基因功能和在基因治疗中的应用均受到一定限制。最近研究表明使用顺页式／反式转录调控元件对PolⅢ启动子进行修饰或通过Cre—LoxP系统控制PolⅢ启动子或shRNA的结构可实现可诱导性、组织特异性等条件性RNAi。这些方法的建立不仅拓宽了RNAi技术的应用范围，而且大大提高了基于RNAi技术的肿瘤基因治疗的安全性，具有良好的临床应用前景。     

RNA干扰在肿瘤基因治疗中的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）是多种生物体内由双链RNA分子介导同源mRNA发生转录后沉默的现象。RNAi是近年来兴起的分子生物学技术，为肿瘤基因治疗提供了一种有应用潜力的新思路。本文主要综述了RNAi现象的发现、作用机制及其在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用现状及前景。     

iRNAi及其在前列腺癌研究中的应用

自从1998年RNA干扰技术（RNA interference，RNAi）被正式提出以来，从植物、真菌到线虫乃至哺乳动物和人类，RNAi研究一直是分子生物学和遗传学的研究热点。本文主要论述了RNAi的作用机理，进而对RNAi应用于前列腺癌相关基因的功能研究及基因治疗实验研究的新进展进行了综述。     

RNA干扰技术在肿瘤基因治疗方面的研究进展

RNA干扰技术(RNA interference,RNAi)在哺乳动物细胞中是利用小干扰RNA(small interference RNA,siRNA)诱导特异性基因表达抑制。其具有基因抑制效果确切、抑制具有严格的序列特异性、作用迅速等特点,故与基因替代、反义寡核苷酸治疗、细胞因子基因治疗等传统的肿瘤基因治疗方法相比,RNAi技术有着无可比拟的优势。本文对RNAi技术的作用机制及在肿瘤基因治疗方面的实验研究进展作一综述。     

RNA干扰技术简介

RNA干扰(RNA interference，RNAi)是指在进化过程中高度保守的、由双链RNA(double—stranded RNA，dsRNA)诱发的、同源mRNA高效特异性降解的现象。近几年来RNAi研究取得了突破性进展，被((Science))杂志评为2001年的十大科学进展之。一，并名列2002年十人科学进展之首。由于使用RNAi技术可以特异性剔除或关闭特定基因的表达，所以该技术已被广泛用于探索基因功能和传染性疾病及恶性肿瘤的基因治疗领域。     

RNA干扰技术在前列腺癌病因学研究及治疗中的应用

RNA干扰技术(RNAi)是一种双链RNA分子在mRNA水平上诱发的转录后基因沉默机制。它在分析和研究基因功能、抗肿瘤及抗病毒研究方面发挥了重要作用。本文综述其在前列腺癌病因学研究及前列腺癌的基因治疗中的应用。     

RNA干扰技术在前列腺癌病因学研究及治疗中的应用

RNA干扰技术（RNAi）是一种双链RNA分子在mRNA水平上诱发的转录后基因沉默机制.它在分析和研究基因功能、抗肿瘤及抗病毒研究方面发挥了重要作用.本文综述其在前列腺癌病因学研究及前列腺癌的基因治疗中的应用.     

RNA干扰技术与肝细胞癌基因治疗

肝细胞癌已被证实为一种基因病,相关基因的异常表达引起细胞生物学特性改变,导致细胞永生化和癌变,因此,深入探讨肝细胞癌发病的分子机制以寻求新的诊治方法是提高疗效的关键.RNA干扰作为一种高效特异性抑制基因表达的新技术,广泛应用于研究基因功能和基因治疗,本文就近年来RNA干扰技术应用于肝细胞癌基因治疗领域的研究进展予以综述...     

Gene therapy of liver tumors

Gene therapy is a new therapeutic option for liver tumors which has been evaluated in animal models. The liver has characteristic features particularly interesting for gene transfer. Because of the rapid tumor growth within a quiescent parenchyma, retroviral transfer could express selective tropism. Temporary anatomic vascular exclusion would allow selective perfusion of the liver and avoid extrahepatic diffusion of the gene therapy. The early results have been promising in the animal. Clinical studies are currently under way in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

结直肠癌基因治疗研究进展

【摘要】〓结直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,传统治疗以外科手术为主,辅以放、化疗,术后5年生存率仅为50%左右。近年来结直肠癌基因治疗备受人们青睐,且有许多研究成果成功运用于临床。目前对结直肠癌基因治的方法主要有原癌基因治疗、抑癌基因治疗、免疫基因治疗以及多基因联合治疗等。     

RNA干扰技术及其在肝癌治疗中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指生物体内由双链RNA(dsRNA)介导同源mRNA的特异性降解,从而导致基因沉默的现象.随着研究的不断深入,RNAi在肝癌治疗中的应用也取得了积极的进展,显示着巨大的潜力,本文就此予以综述.     

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancers

We review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In diagnosis, the detection of the APC gene mutation in stool samples has had a strong impact because of its practical usage for mass screening. Several reports have indicated that the molecular detection of a very small number of cancer cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes yields adequate information on recurrent disease. Several new markers were reported as a significant indicators of cancer development, invasion, or metastasis. In treatment, determination of microsatellite instability may be useful to select good candidates for 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. New molecular targets have been reported, including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, etc. Gene therapy with p53 or FHIT had undergone successful clinical trials. Tumor-specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccination has also been achieved. In conclusion, many efforts to overcome colorectal cancer will soon open new therapeutic windows.     

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??Progression of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer LIN Feng, LI Yong. Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital ?? Guangdong Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
Corresponding author??LIN Feng??E-mail: liyong-lucky@21cn.com
Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors but the results of conventional chemotherapy have been discouraging. The recent successful development of targeted therapy has brought new hope for patients with colorectal cancer. Two monoclonal antibodies, bevacizumab and cetuximab, that block vascular endothelial growth factor and epithelial growth factor receptor are available widely in clinical practice. The addition of cetuximab or bevacizumab to the chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer further improves the outcome. The combination of chemotherapy with cetuximab or bevacizumab has become standard regimens in advanced colorectal cancer and makes a striking step to prolong the survival time in the past few years. The major achievement for the cetuximab targeted therapy of mCRC is the correlation between k-ras status and the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy. Molecular targeted therapy plays a more important role in treatment for colorectal cancer.     

Sporadisches und hereditäres Karzinom von Kolon und Rektum

In recent years, there have been major advances regarding the understanding of the pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancer on the basis of molecular research. The clinical implications of this knowledge differ for the sporadic and hereditary forms. In sporadic colorectal cancer, gene mutations occur in colorectal cells but not as germline mutations. Even though molecular data currently do not influence the clinical management of this form of colorectal cancer, promising molecular approaches exist for the assessment of prognosis, early detection, prevention, and therapy. Germline mutations are the cause of hereditary colorectal cancers, in which molecular methods have a major impact on diagnosis and therapy. Prophylactic surgery is accepted for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), but not for patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the second main form of hereditary colorectal cancer. Further studies will have to clarity this issue.     

RNA干扰技术及其在男科学研究中的应用

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi),是一种在动植物中存在的通过双链RNA诱导同源特异性序列转录后基因沉默的过程。RNAi在抵抗病毒感染、抑制转座子活动、调控内源性基因表达等方面发挥着重要作用,已成为当前生物医学的研究热点之一。近年来,RNAi作为一种研究工具,已开始应用于ED、PCa及精子发生等男科学研究中,并取得了一定进展。本文就RNAi的基本原理、研究进展及其在男科学研究中的应用作一概述。     

Personalized Cancer Approach: Using RNA Interference Technology

Normal cellular survival is dependent on the cooperative expression of genes’ signaling through a broad array of DNA patterns. Cancer, however, has an Achilles’ heel. Its altered cellular survival is dependent on a limited subset of signals through mutated DNA, possibly as few as three. Identification and control of these signals through the use of RNA interference (RNAi) technology may provide a unique clinical opportunity for the management of cancer that employs genomic-proteomic profiling to provide a molecular characterization of the cancer, leading to targeted therapy customized to an individual cancer signal. Such an approach has been described as “personalized therapy.” The present review identifies unique developing technology that employs RNAi as a method to target, and therefore block, signaling from mutated DNA and describes a clinical pathway toward its development in cancer therapy.     

The treatment of hepatic metastases in colorectal carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States, with 135,000 new cases and 55,000 deaths annually. Ultimately, two-thirds (99,000) of all patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastasis to the liver and other organs in their life span, making metastatic colorectal cancer the second leading cause of cancer-related death in North America. The optimal management of these patients has become increasingly complex with the myriad of treatment options that are available. Because the timing of any therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, or others) has become integral to the success of the treatment, a collaborative approach involving multiple specialties is needed for the best patient outcome. Defined clinical and pathologic determinants of outcome have been demonstrated to effect the overall and disease-free survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding of these determinants remains essential to any treating physician and has lead to significant paradigm shifts in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.