血府逐瘀汤对心肌缺血再灌注损伤心功能的影响

目的观察血府逐瘀汤对兔心肌缺血再灌注过程中心功能及心律失常的影响。方法采用结扎大白兔左冠状动脉前降支的方法制备缺血再灌注模型,观测左室内压（LVSP）、左室内压最大上升速率（＋dp/dtma）x、左室内压最大下降速率（-dp/dtma）x、左室舒张终末压（LVEDP）及心律失常发生率的变化和组织结构改变。结果缺血期及再灌注期间MI/RI模型组和血府逐瘀汤各治疗组动物的LVSP、＋dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax均较缺血前明显降低,LVEDP较缺血前明显升高（P〈0.01）。而复灌后,各个时间段,血府逐瘀汤各组LVSP、±dp/dtmax均明显高于MI/RI模型组,LVEDP低于MI/RI模型组。但缺血前各组动物之间各项心功能指标无明显差异（P〉0.05）。血府逐瘀汤各剂量治疗组心律失常评分均明显低于MI/RI模型组。结论血府逐瘀汤可以降低心肌缺血再灌注损伤时心律失常的发生率、改善心功能,对缺血再灌注心肌有保护作用。     

枸杞多糖对异丙肾上腺素致心力衰竭大鼠的保护作用及其机制

目的探讨枸杞多糖对异丙肾上腺素致心力衰竭大鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素5mg.kg-1.d-1,连续给药7d,建立心力衰竭模型,观察枸杞多糖灌胃给予大鼠30d,对心力衰竭大鼠心功能、心肌损伤标志酶和抗氧化酶的影响。结果枸杞多糖（50、100和200mg.kg-1）可降低心力衰竭大鼠血清心肌损伤标志酶心肌肌钙蛋白（cTn-I）,改善心率;升高收缩压、左心室收缩压（LVSP）和左心室内压最大上升速率（＋LVdP/dtmax）,改善左心室收缩功能;升高左心室内压最大下降速率（!LVdP/dtmax）,改善左心室舒张功能;提高血清和心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平,并相应降低脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结论枸杞多糖对心力衰竭大鼠具有保护作用,其机制与其提高机体抗氧化酶的作用有关。     

银杏内酯B与C联合应用对缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心功能的影响

目的 研究银杏内酯B与C联合应用对离体心肌缺血/再灌注（ischemia/reperfusion,IR）损伤大鼠心功能的影响.方法 将离体心脏挂于Langendorff装置,用停灌复灌的方式制备离体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注损伤模型,并用PowerLab生物信号采集系统记录离体心脏心功能各指标：左心室收缩峰压（LVSP）、左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）、心脏收缩期左心室内压上升最大变化速率（＋ dp/dtmax）、舒张期左心室内压下降最大变化速率（-dp/dtmax）和心率（HR）,并计算出压力差,分别观察在复灌20 min、40 min时银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C及两者联合应用对离体心功能的影响.并测定复灌后冠状动脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性.结果 与Control组相比,GBC组在20min、40min时对左心室压力差（△LVP）的影响已没有差异,GB组、GC组在20 min和40 min时对＋dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax的影响显著,而GBC组在40 min时已使-dp/dtmax恢复正常;与IR组相比,GBC组在40min时对HR影响显著（P〈0.01）.GBC能够降低LDH的释放,并增加SOD的活性.结论 银杏内酯B与银杏内酯C均能增加左心室压力差,增强心肌顺应性.银杏内酯B改善心功能的效果优于银杏内酯B,两者合用对心功能的恢复作用效果更好.     

油酸诱导ARDS大鼠的左心功能变化

目的 观察油酸致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）大鼠心功能的变化.方法 取雄性SD大鼠36只,按随机数字法分成2组,NS对照组（A组）和ARDS组（B组）,每组18只.各组又按造模成功后1、2和4h分3个亚组（n=6）.用生物信号系统分别测定各组各时段左心室最大收缩压（LVSP）、左心室舒张末期压力（LVEDP）、左心室内最大上升速率（＋LVdp/dtmax）及左心室内最大下降速率（-LVdp/dtmax）,分别在对应时间点上取动脉血用酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠血清中脑钠素（BNP）水平.结果 ARDS大鼠LVEDP、LVSP、±LVdp/dtmax、BNP与正常对照组均有显著差异（P〈0.05）.结论 ARDS可致大鼠心功能降低.     

丹七对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究

目的观察丹七对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法18只兔随机分为三组：假手术组、模型组、丹七干预组。末次给药后1h,采用结扎兔左冠状动脉前降支的方法制备缺血再灌注损伤模型。运用BL-420F生物机能实验系统记录各组动物左心功能指标的变化;于再灌注120min后颈总动脉取血,比色法测定血清中肌酸激酶（CK）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性及一氧化氮（NO）含量的变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组中左心功能指标左心室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室内压最大上升速率（＋dp／dtmax）、左心室内压最大下降速率（-dp／dtmax）的数值明显降低,左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）的数值明显升高（P〈0．01）;血清中CK的活性明显升高,NOS的活性及NO的含量明显降低（P〈0．01）。与模型组比较,丹七干预组中LVSP、＋dp／dtmax、-dp／dtmax的数值明显升高,LVEDP的数值明显降低（P〈0．05）,血清中CK的活性明显降低,NOS的活性及NO的含量明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论丹七对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-肾上腺素能受体表达及其与心功能的关系

 【目的】观察实验性心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-肾上腺素能受体（AR）表达水平的变化及β3-AR激动时对心功能的影响。【方法】雄性成年Wistar大鼠16只，随机分为心力衰竭组（n=8）及对照组（n=8）。结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支致心肌梗死建立心力衰竭模型；使用RT-PCR法检测左心室β3-AR mRNA的表达；观察使用β3-AR激动剂BRL37344后，左室收缩末压（LVESP）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左室最大压力上升和下降速率（dp/dtmax等指标的改变。【结果】①与对照组相比，心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-AR mRNA表达量（β3/β-actin的比值）增加（0．011vs0．028，P〈0．05），所占比例[β3／（β3/＋β2＋β3]增加（1．2％vs5．4％，P〈0．05）；②静注BRL37344后，对照组LVESP、＋dp/dtmax，-dp/dtmax分别下降12．2％、15．8％、11．5％，LVEDP上升9．8％；心力衰竭大鼠LVESP、＋dp/dtmax ,-dp/dtmax分别下降16．1％、21．7％、13．2％。LVEDP上升10．5％。【结论】心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-AR mRNA表达明显增高。β3-AR激动时负性肌力作用明显增强。     

心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-肾上腺素能受体表达及其与心功能的关系

【目的】观察实验性心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-肾上腺素能受体（AR）表达水平的变化及β3-AR激动时对心功能的影响。【方法】雄性成年Wistar大鼠16只，随机分为心力衰竭组（n=8）及对照组（n=8）。结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支致心肌梗死建立心力衰竭模型；使用RT-PCR法检测左心室β3-AR mRNA的表达；观察使用β3-AR激动剂BRL37344后，左室收缩末压（LVESP）、左室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左室最大压力上升和下降速率（dp/dtmax等指标的改变。【结果】①与对照组相比，心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-AR mRNA表达量（β3/β-actin的比值）增加（0．011vs0．028，P〈0．05），所占比例[β3／（β3/＋β2＋β3]增加（1．2％vs5．4％，P〈0．05）；②静注BRL37344后，对照组LVESP、＋dp/dtmax，-dp/dtmax分别下降12．2％、15．8％、11．5％，LVEDP上升9．8％；心力衰竭大鼠LVESP、＋dp/dtmax ,-dp/dtmax分别下降16．1％、21．7％、13．2％。LVEDP上升10．5％。【结论】心力衰竭大鼠左心室β3-AR mRNA表达明显增高。β3-AR激动时负性肌力作用明显增强。     

丹红注射液对大鼠急性心肌缺血的影响

目的：观察丹红注射液对大鼠急性心肌缺血的影响及机制。方法：30只大鼠随机分为模型组、丹红组及对照组,模型组及丹红组经舌下静脉注射垂体后叶素制作大鼠急性心肌缺血动物模型,对照组注射等体积生理盐水;丹红组造模后用丹红注射液4 mL/（ kg·d）灌胃,对照组及模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,连续灌胃治疗14 d;分别于造模前15 min、造模后1.5 h及治疗第14天3个时点测定大鼠心肌丙二醛（ MDA）和血清肌酸激酶（ CK）,并以直接测压法测定各组大鼠左心室内压最大上升速率（＋LVdp/dtmax）及左室内压力峰值（ LVSP）,同时比较心肌缺血的情况。结果：经14 d治疗,丹红注射液明显降低大鼠MDA、CK,升高造模后＋LVdp/dtmax、LVSP等心功能指标,缩小心肌缺血范围,与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论：丹红注射液明显增加急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌收缩力进而改善大鼠心功能,对具有保护作用,可能与丹红注射液能清除或抑制大鼠急性心肌缺血后产生的氧自由基及脂质过氧化反应有关。     

利多卡因对缺血再灌注离体大鼠心功能的影响

目的：探讨利多卡因对缺血再灌注离体大鼠心功能的影响及其可能机制。方法：40只健康成龄雌性Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组（n=8）,建立Langendorff模型。缺血再灌注组（A）：灌注Krebs—Henseleit（K—H）缓冲液;利多卡因1mg／L组（B）：灌注含1mg／L利多卡因的K—H液;利多卡因2．5mg／L组（C）：灌注含2．5mg／L利多卡因K—H液;利多卡因5mg／L组（D）：灌注含5mg／L利多卡因的K—H液;利多卡因＋格列苯脲组（E）：灌注含2．5mg／L利多卡因和10Ixmol／L格列苯脲的K—H液。各组分别缺血前灌注相应灌流液20min,全心缺血30min,再灌注60min。记录缺血前5min及再灌注30min和60min的心率（HR）、左心室形成压（LVDP）、左室内压上升最大速率（＋dp／dtmax）、左室内压下降最大速率（-dp／dtmax）等心功能参数。结果：与A组比较,再灌注30min和60min时,C组的HR、LVDP、-＋dp／dtmax均升高（P〈0．05）,B、D两组上述参数变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与C组比较,再灌注30min和60min时,E组各项参数均降低（P〈0．05）。结论：含2．5mg／L利多卡因的K—H液可显著改善缺血再灌注离体大鼠心功能,部分机制可能与心肌细胞和线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道有关。     

锌对异丙基肾上腺素引起的心脏泵功能改变的影响

目的 在静脉注射异丙基肾上腺素（Isoprenaline,ISO)引起心脏泵功能变化前，作静脉滴注硫酸锌（ZnSO4)与不滴注硫酸锌之分组对比研究，观察和探讨锌对异丙基肾上腺素引起的心脏泵功能改变的影响。方法 将6只健康家兔随机分为AB两组。A组单一注射ISO；B组先给家兔静脉 ZnSO4，1h后注射ISO。观察以下泵功能指标：室内压为40mmHg时的心室收缩成分缩短速度（Vce40）、舒张末期室内压（EDP）、室内压上升支最大变化速率（ dp/dtmax)与室内压下降支最大变化速率（-dp/dtmax)。要A组家兔在静脉注射ISO后，Vce40、EDP、＋dp/dtmax和－dp/dtmax等心脏泵功能指标均有不同程度改变；B组静脉滴注ZnSO4 1h后注射ISO，Vce40， dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax下降幅度和EDP升高幅度均较A组小（P＜0．001，P＜0．001，P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。结论（1）一定剂量的异丙基肾上腺素具有降低心脏泵功能的作用；（2）锌具有减弱异丙基肾上腺素引起的心脏泵功能降低的效果，提示锌对异丙基肾上腺素引起心泵功能损害有较强的、迅速的拮抗或保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.