6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)氯化钠注射液术中应用的安全性研究

人工胶体作为血容量扩充药,在低血容量、休克的治疗及预防中发挥极为重要的作用。以玉米淀粉为原料的羟乙基淀粉溶液(德国费森尤斯公司研制,商品名:贺斯(HES))是继明胶和右旋糖酐类胶体之后的第三代人工胶体。1999年国内开始同类产品的开发,目前已研制成功6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5     

Effects of two different hydroxyethyl starch solutions (HES200/0.5 vs. HES130/0.4) on the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein

BACKGROUND: There are various hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions with different degrees of hydroxylation and different molecular weights. HES200/0.5 solution is most commonly used. HES130/0.4 is a new HES solution and is the 'state-of-the-art' in volume substitution. However, the mechanism of the observed anticoagulation action of HES has not been fully delineated. The objective of this study was to further investigate the effect of HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 on platelet coagulation. METHODS: Sixty ASA I-II patients undergoing elective minor surgery were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous infusion (20 ml/kg) of lactated Ringer's solution (group L), HES200/0.5 (group H) or HES130/0.4 (group V) after the induction of anesthesia. The expression of CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p in vivo was assessed on non-stimulated platelets and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) agonist-activated platelets using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Resting glycoprotein expression of the non-stimulated platelets was observed. HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 reduced the CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p expression of ADP-agonist-activated platelets at 15 min after intravenous infusion. At 6 h after intravenous infusion, the trend of decreasing expression of activated CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p was maintained in group H. However, CD42b, CD41/61 and CD62p expression returned to the pre-operative level in group V. CONCLUSION: This study showed that both HES200/0.5 and HES130/0.4 can inhibit platelet coagulation. Platelet dysfunction experienced a faster recovery after the infusion of HES130/0.4 than after HES200/0.5. Liquid resuscitation with HES130/0.4 may decrease the risk of hemorrhage in the operative period.     

Comparative effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (containing 1% dextrose) and lactated Ringer's solution for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

Purpose. This study aimed to compare low-molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch containing 1% dextrose (HES) infusion and lactated Ringer's solution (LR) in the prevention of hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Methods. Sixty-seven patients scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either LR (n= 35) or HES (n= 32) infusion before cesarean delivery. Infusion of the fluid was started immediately after arrival at the operating room, through two fully open i.v. routes of 18 or 16 gauge. The two groups were compared in terms of the incidence of hypotension; ephedrine dose; cord and maternal blood gas, hemoglobin, and glucose; and Apgar scores. Results. Intravenous fluid volume until delivery in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the HES group (1298 ± 503 and 973 ± 339 ml, respectively) in spite of the similar periods of intravenous infusion (18.1 ± 3.9 and 18.2 ± 4.1 min). The incidence of hypotension, and the ephedrine dose, blood gas analyses, and Apgar scores were not significantly different between the groups. The ephedrine dose correlated with the anesthesia level by spinal anesthesia (P < 0.05). Conclusion. This study did not show an advantage of HES compared with LR in the prevention of hypotension or in the reduction of ephedrine dose during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The anesthesia level, rather than the choice of intravenous fluid solution, might be related to the ephedrine dose. Received: January 25, 1999 / Accepted: April 7, 2002     

The effects of in vitro hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (130/0.4) solution on thrombelastograph analysis in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Bang SR, Kim YH, Kim GS. The effects of in vitro hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (130/0.4) solution on thrombelastograph analysis in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 450–456. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of in vitro hemodilution with 6% HES (130/0.4) solution on thrombelastograph^® (TEG) parameters in whole blood samples from patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). Methods: Enrollment consisted of 95 patients with ESLD undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was diluted by 11%, 22%, and 33% with 6% HES (130/0.4) solution. Normal saline was used as a control diluent. Results: When blood was diluted by 33% with normal saline, only the reaction time (r) was increased (p < 0.0001) compared to the baseline value. When blood was diluted with 6% HES (130/0.4), 11% dilution decreased maximum amplitude (MA) (p = 0.003) compared to baseline. At 33% dilution, the r (p < 0.0001, vs. baseline) and K (p < 0.0001, vs. baseline; p < 0.0001, vs. normal saline) increased, and the MA, alpha angle, and coagulation index (p < 0.0001, vs. baseline; p < 0.0001, vs. normal saline) decreased. Conclusion: Hemodilution with 6% HES (130/0.4) solution results in TEG abnormalities even with 11% hemodilution, in whole blood samples of patients with ESLD undergoing liver transplantation.     

Early hemodynamic and renal effects of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution, hydroxyethyl starch, and hypertonic saline with or without 6% dextran-70

BACKGROUND: Considering the renal effects of fluid resuscitation in hemorrhaged patients, the choice of fluid has been a source of controversy. In a model of hemorrhagic shock, we studied the early hemodynamic and renal effects of fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) with or without 6% dextran-70 (HSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight dogs were anesthetized and submitted to splenectomy. An estimated 40% blood volume was removed to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 40 mm Hg for 30 min. The dogs were divided into four groups: LR, in a 3:1 ratio to removed blood volume; HS, 6 mL kg(-1); HSD, 6 mL kg(-1); and HES in a 1:1 ratio to removed blood volume. Hemodynamics and renal function were studied during shock and 5, 60, and 120 min after fluid replacement. RESULTS: Shock treatment increased MAP similarly in all groups. At 5 min, cardiac filling pressures and cardiac performance indexes were higher for LR and HES but, after 120 min, there were no differences among groups. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were higher in LR at 60 min but GFR returned to baseline values in all groups at 120 min. Diuresis was higher for LR at 5 min and for LR and HES at 60 min. There were no differences among groups in renal variables 120 min after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the immediate differences in hemodynamic responses, the low-volume resuscitation fluids, HS and HSD, are equally effective to LR and HES in restoring renal performance 120 min after hemorrhagic shock treatment.     

6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4在小儿腹部手术中容量治疗的临床应用

目的 探讨6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4在小儿腹部手术中容量治疗的应用效果。方法60例拟行腹部手术的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。观察组术中容量治疗使用6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4及晶体液;对照组未使用6％HES130／0．4,所使用的晶体液与观察组相同,可选用胶体液为浓缩红细胞。观察两组患儿手术前后心率、血压．总输液量及晶体液、胶体液、浓缩红细胞输入量等。记录观察组因输注6％羟乙基淀粉可能出现的不良反应,如：过敏（包括低血压、皮疹等）。结果两组输液总量无显著性差异。观察组与对照组相比：胶体液用量、晶体液用量、浓缩红细胞用量均有显著性差异,（P〈0．05）。观察组未发现因输注6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4而出现的不良反应。结论6％羟乙基淀粉130／0．4可安全、有效的用于小儿腹部大手术中的容量治疗。     

A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of 4% succinylated gelatin, 6% hydroxyethyl starch (200/0.5) and 4% human albumin after cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The goal for volume replacement therapy is to maintain stable haemodynamics after cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that a short term infusion of hydroxyethyl starch results in better haemodynamic response than an infusion of lower molecular weight gelatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 45 patients received a predetermined fixed dose of 15 ml kg(-1) of either 4% succinylated gelatin (GEL) or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or 4% human albumin (HA) after cardiac surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was more increased in GEL and HES groups [mean (SD) 153% (54) and 168% (57) of pre-infusion value] than in HA group [122% (23)] (P = 0.031) after completion of infusion, but no differences in cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) were observed. At 2 and 18 hours after end of study infusions SVI was more increased in HES [143% (38) and 148% (41) of pre-infusion values] and HA [143% (35) and 163% (42) of pre-infusion values] groups than in GEL [116% (23) and 125% (30)] group (P = 0.047 at 2 hours and P = 0.033 at 18 hours). In early postoperative phase after cardiac surgery, HES and HA infusions improve haemodynamics more and longer period than GEL infusion.