经脐单孔针式腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究(附98例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单孔针式腹腔镜胆囊切除术的优越性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2010年2月1日至5月31日施行经脐单孔针式腹腔镜胆囊切除术98例的临床资料。结果:98例均成功施行经脐单孔针式腹腔镜胆囊切除术,手术时间平均32.5m in,术后平均住院2.8d,无并发症发生。结论:经脐单孔针式腹腔镜胆囊切除术较传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术操作困难,随着器械改进和技术水平的提高,手术时间逐渐缩短;且术后患者康复快,痛苦轻,腹壁无可见手术瘢痕,深得广大患者青睐,值得推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用(附40例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析40例胆囊结石及胆囊息肉样病变患者行经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:手术时间30~60m in,平均42m in;术中出血10~15m l,平均11m l。无并发症发生。术后随访1~3个月,患者均无腹痛、发热及黄疸。脐部瘢痕隐蔽、不明显。结论:经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊良性疾病安全有效,且更具微创性,美容效果更佳。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用体会

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及安全性。方法:回顾分析2010年12月至2012年3月为45例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料,记录手术时间、术中出血量及术后恢复情况等指标,评估此术式的可行性与安全性。结果:45例手术均获成功。手术时间30~130 min,平均43 min;术中出血量5~25 ml。平均10 ml;术后2~5 d,2~5 d出院。术后1~12个月复诊,无不良后果,切口疤痕隐蔽,腹壁美观。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全、可行的,值得广泛推广。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术212例报告

目的:总结经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的早期应用经验,探讨其安全性及可靠性。方法:回顾分析2009年3月至2011年6月为212例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:176例成功施行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,其中7例因显露困难或需放置引流管中转两孔或三孔法腹腔镜手术,1例术后毛细胆管漏行开放手术。17例成功施行经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术,其中3例因粘连严重中转三孔法手术。3例行单孔腹腔镜小儿斜疝高位结扎术,4例行腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术,4例行单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合肝囊肿开窗术3,例行单孔腹腔镜精索静脉曲张高位结扎术,3例行经脐单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术2,例行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合卵巢囊肿切除术。术后脐部切口均I期愈合,脐部无可见手术瘢痕,术后随访3～27个月,无胆道损伤、胆囊床感染、出血等相关并发症发生。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜手术安全可行,具有疼痛更轻、微创及美容效果更好等优点,是现阶段最具可行性的"No scar"技术。     

基层医院应用常规器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术38例心得体会

目的:探讨基层医院应用常规器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗单纯胆囊结石、胆囊息肉的临床效果、安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2012年12月至2014年12月为38例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:32例成功完成经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,6例经剑突下白线辅助5 mm切口完成手术,无一例中转开腹。手术时间50~100 min,平均(73.1±16.6)min;术中出血量2~10 ml,平均(5.7±2.3)ml;术后无出血、胆漏、胆管损伤等并发症发生。术后3~5 d出院。术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月门诊或电话随访,1例患者进食后腹胀,对症治疗后好转,3例患者复查B超提示胆总管代偿性扩张,无黄疸。手术切口瘢痕隐蔽,无脐疝发生,美容效果明显,患者及家属均较满意。结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗单纯胆囊结石、胆囊息肉具有术后疼痛轻、住院时间短、腹壁瘢痕隐蔽、疗效确切等优点,术中使用常规器械存在直线视野、器械干扰、麻醉手术时间明显延长、潜在风险相应增加的问题,采用常规器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术基层医院宜审慎开展。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术35例报告

目的:探讨用普通器械完成经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及安全性.方法:回顾分析2010年3月至10月为35例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料.结果:全组均成功完成手术,手术时间35~110min,平均45.3min,术中出血5~20ml,平均8.5ml,无并发症发生.术后2~4d出院.术后1个月复诊,无不良后...     

自制单孔装置Iconport行腹腔镜胆囊切除术50例报告

目的探讨自制单孔装置Iconport在经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中应用的安全性和临床价值。方法绕脐左缘弧形切口2.5~3 cm,开放法进腹,手术钳将自制单孔装置的硅胶密封套折叠后塞入切口实现切口密封,使用常规直杆型腹腔镜器械经Iconport完成经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术。术毕标本在单孔装置保护下取出,切口分白线和皮肤两层可吸收线连续缝合。结果 40例成功完成单孔手术,10例因胆囊三角粘连严重,解剖结构不清,术野渗血,视野显露不满意等原因增加1个辅助操作孔完成手术。40例单孔手术时间40~65 min,平均45 min;术中出血量5~10 ml。术后均未置腹腔引流。住院时间3~5 d,平均4.2 d。无出血、胆汁漏、胆管及胃肠道损伤、切口感染、切口疝等手术并发症发生。脐部切口愈合后瘢痕处于脐孔边缘弧线外观不明显。50例随访3~6个月,无脐疝发生,切口痕隐于脐孔。结论 Iconport单孔装置密封性能满意,应用于经脐单孔LC中安全可靠,手术瘢痕隐于脐孔。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的技术改进与手术技巧

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术改进及技巧。方法:回顾分析2015年10月至2017年11月为257例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料,其中胆囊结石242例,胆囊息肉15例。结果:246例成功完成单孔腹腔镜手术,成功率95.7%;11例因胆囊三角暴露不清改为两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,无一例中转开腹。手术时间15~150 min,平均(50.3±21.5)min;术中出血量1~50 ml,平均(7.4±4.4)ml。术后切口渗血3例,皮下气肿2例,继发性胆总管结石1例,无腹腔内出血、胆管损伤、胆漏等早期严重并发症及胆道狭窄、脐疝等远期并发症发生。术后随访1~24个月,脐部切口疤痕隐蔽,美容效果好。结论:改进经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术后,在掌握一定手术技巧的基础上施术,技术难点容易突破,可安全、可靠地完成手术。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术19例体会

目的 介绍早期开展经脐单孔腹腔镜手术的经验.方法 回顾性分析从2009年8月28日至12月31日完成经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术11例、经脐单孔腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术3例及经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术5例的临床资料.结果 19例手术中,除1例经脐单孔腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术因术中出血而中转开腹,其余均获成功.第1例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术时间为157min,后面的手术时间平均约为70min;经脐单孔腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术,时间约为50min;经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术时间约为40min.术后无并发症.术后住院时间3～4d,最快1例阑尾术后2d出院.1～3个月后随访,脐部无明显手术瘢痕.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜技术是微创手术的一个补充,随着手术经验的不断累积、手术器械的不断创新,该手术将会有更大的临床推广价值.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术21例的初步体会

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。方法 2010年5月至2010年8月,21例胆囊疾病患者(息肉样病变7例,结石14例)行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,于脐部正中做一25mm横行切口,开放法建立腹腔镜操作通道并维持气腹完成胆囊切除。结果 21例手术均获成功。平均手术时间为60min(40～120min)。未放置引流管,无出血及胆漏等并发症发生,清醒后即饮水,术后平均住院时间为2d(术后第1～4天出院),术后两周复查,脐部无明显手术瘢痕。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全、可行的,操作难度较常规腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)增大,脐部操作装置、腹腔镜及手术器械有待进一步完善和改进,但其较传统LC更加微创和无明显疤痕,极具临床推广价值,有望成为主流的新型LC术式。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.