腹腔镜胆囊切除术肠道并发症的原因与处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）肠道并发症的原因及处理。方法回顾分析987例LC中6例肠道并发症的原因及处理方法。其中肠管、肠系膜血肿2例保守治疗；术中发现十二指肠损伤1例中转开放手术修补；术后第2天发现十二指肠损伤穿孔2例，二次开腹予以修补，再次开腹高位空肠造瘘、充分引流；1例十二指肠球部溃疡应激性穿孔行二次开腹修补。结果6例肠道并发症中胆囊与周围脏器粘连严重4例，其中合并活动溃疡应激穿孔1例；腹腔穿刺损伤肠壁及系膜2例。3例病情危重。6例均治愈出院。随访6个月～3年，平均2年，发生并发症3例，其中切口疝1例，粘连性不完全肠梗阻2例。结论胆囊周围炎性粘连导致游离极为困难以及术中暴露不良是发生肠道并发症首要原因。及时有效的处理，可避免发生严重后果。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中消化道损伤原因及对策

目的;探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,LC)中消化道损伤的原因,预防措施及处理方法。方法：回顾分析1991年9月－2001年9月我院10000例LC术中消化道损伤的原因及处理方法。探讨其预防措施及处理成功的经验。结果;本组病例共5例消化道损伤（占0．05％）,其中胃窦部损伤,十二指肠球部损伤及回肠损伤各1例,空肠损伤2例。术中发现3例,当即中转开腹行损伤脏器修补术,术后18小时及5天因急性腹膜炎发现各1例,再次剖腹探查行损伤脏器修补及腹腔引流术。全部患者均痊愈出院,无严重并发症出现。结论：LC术中气腹针盲穿,锐利器械暴力插入腹腔盲区,电凝钩反弹是致消化道损伤的主要原因;LC术后出现急性弥漫性腹膜炎症状,考虑到消化道损伤并恰当处理是改善患者预后的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中消化道损伤原因及处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）中消化道损伤的原因、处理方法及预防措施。方法回顾分析2000年1月～2007年12月我院21640例LC术中16例（0.07%）消化道损伤的临床资料,其中胃十二指肠损伤14例,结肠损伤1例,回肠损伤1例。结果术中发现13例：行镜下修补3例,中转开腹修补7例、胃大部切除胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合3例。术后发现3例：开腹回肠修补1例,结肠造瘘1例,引流保守治疗1例。除1例因十二指肠漏并多器官功能衰竭（MODS）术后7天死亡,其余15例均治愈出院,无严重并发症出现。结论LC中消化道损伤的主要原因是胆囊周围炎性粘连,暴露不良,分离过程中造成胃肠撕裂,灼伤穿孔。及时有效恰当的处理是预防并发症和改善患者预后的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的防治

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中避免胆道损伤的有效方法。方法:回顾分析1 220例LC患者的临床资料,总结LC术中发生胆管损伤的常见原因及处理方法。结果:1 220例LC中发生胆管损伤10例,占0.8%(10/1 220),经中转开腹手术,均治愈出院。结论:胆管损伤是LC中最严重、最常见的并发症,经过及时有效的处理,可避免严重后果。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的防治

目的避免腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的发生。方法回顾分析本院自1999年1月～2005年11月腹腔镜胆囊切除术512例。结果胆管损伤4例。结论严格的术前准备和规范的手术程序可以极大地减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道损伤的原因及防治体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,LC）中胆道损伤的原因及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2004年1月-2013年11月LC胆道损伤16例临床资料（其中送桥中心医院9例,苏北人民医院7例）。10例术中发现,行胆总管修补＋T管引流4例,胆总管端端吻合＋T管引流1例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例,胆囊床渗漏处缝合4例;6例术后发现,腹腔引流3例,二次手术胆道损伤修补＋T管引流2例,B超引导下胆囊床包裹性积液穿刺引流1例。结果住院时间12-23 d,平均16．3 d。所有病例均治愈。胆总管修补＋T管引流6例的T管放置3个月后拔除,胆总管端端吻合＋T管引流1例的T管放置6个月后拔除。全组术后随访3个月-8年,均未发现遗留有影响生活质量和功能异常的并发症。结论通过分析LC中胆道损伤的原因并在临床中予以重视,严格掌握LC的手术适应证,术中仔细辨清肝总管、胆总管与胆囊管的关系,确有困难时及时中转开腹手术,是预防LC中胆道损伤的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因与处理

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)胆管损伤的原因及处理方法。方法 :回顾分析 10 80例LC的临床资料 ,总结LC术中发生胆管损伤的常见原因及处理方法。结果 :10 80例LC中发生胆管损伤 4例 ,占0 37% (4 /10 80 ) ,经中转开腹手术 ,均治愈出院。跟踪随访 3年 ,效果良好。结论 :胆管损伤是LC术中最严重且最常见的并发症 ,经过及时有效的处理 ,可避免严重后果。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因与预防

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(1aparoscopic cholecystectimy,LC)中胆管损伤的发生率各家报道不一,但较开腹胆囊切除术(opencholecytectimy,OC)高.刘永雄统计LC 3 986例,胆道损伤率为0.32%[1],刘国礼综合报道142 946例,发生率为0.19%[2],王庆等[3]统计12 672例,发生率0.2%.本文就LC胆道损伤原因及预防措施作一综述.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的防治

与开腹胆囊切除术 (ｏｐｅｎｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ ,ＯＣ)相比 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ｌａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ ,ＬＣ)胆管损伤的发生率相对较高。Ｄｅｚｉｅ[1] 分析美国 1117家医院的 7760 4病例 ,报道ＬＣ胆管损伤的发生率为 0 .5 9% ;Ｖｅｃｈｉｏ[2 ] 分析美国114 0 0 5病例 ,胆道损伤发生率为 0 .5 %。国内ＯＣ胆管损伤的发生率为 0 .15 %～ 0 .5 % [3 ] ,ＬＣ为 0 .3 2 %～ 0 .91% [4] 。但随着时间的推移 ,国内ＬＣ胆管损伤的发生率已有逐渐下降的趋势 ,1992年经 2 8家医院的调查为 0 .3 1%…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤的分析

随着腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ＬＣ)的广泛开展 ,其手术并发症也日益受到关注。尤其是ＬＣ术中所引起的胆管损伤 ,作为ＬＣ术中严重并发症的一种 ,各医疗单位也在不断地探讨有效的预防和处理的措施 ,但结果并未像ＬＣ初期所预料的那样 ,胆道损伤的发生率并未完全随着ＬＣ开展数量的增加而消失 ,而是稳定在一定水平上〔1〕。因此 ,我们仍有必要在ＬＣ开展初期总结的胆道损伤处置经验的基础上 ,进一步分析ＬＣ大量开展后胆道损伤的具体原因和处理措施。临床资料本文总结ＬＣ所致胆道损伤共 14例 ;其中来源于我院 34 0 0例 ( 1992～ 2 0 0 1年 )ＬＣ…     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

A consecutive series of 220 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (June 1990 to May 1991) is presented. These were the author's initial experience of the technique. Procedures were elective (205) and acute (15). including 3 gangrenous cholecystitis and 4 empyema. There were 166 females and 34 males, 12–75 years, weighing 44–115 kg. Forty-eight patients had prior abdominal surgery. Two hundred and eleven patients had successful laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 6 open cholecystectomies and 3 mini laparotomies to remove spilt stones. None of the last 120 cases were opened. Operating time ranged from 20min to 3h 20min. There were 4 serious complications: 2 bile leaks from the gall-bladder bed and 2 jejunal injuries (Veres needle and 5 mm trocar). Sixty-one patients were discharged the next day, 29 on day 2, 5 on day 3, 4 on day 4, 1 on day 5, I on day 22 and I on day 27. At two weeks follow-up all but 2 patients had fully recovered.     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY INITIAL EXPERIENCE

Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent percutaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy (PCC). The gallbladder was removed successfully in 18 patients. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.4 days and patients returned to normal activity at a mean 8 days after operation. Postoperative pain was minimal. Formal laparotomy was performed in 7 patients due to: bleeding (3 patients), stone spillage (3 patients) and exploration of the common bile duct (1 patient). Complications were reduced with experience and strict adherence to the described operative technique. With obvious advantages for the patient, hospitals and the community an increased demand for PCC is inevitable. However, its role in the management of cholelithiasis and overall safety have yet to be determined. There is a significant learning curve and proper training is necessary. The widespread introduction of PCC has immediate implications for surgical training.     

微创技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后黄疸诊治中的应用

目的：探讨微创技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）后黄疸的诊断与治疗中的作用。方法：在微创观念指导下，对LC术后出现黄疸的患者运用内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）和内镜括约肌切开（EST）等微创技术进行诊断与治疗。结果：我院1998年8月至2001年5月间共行3160例LC手术，术后出现黄疸者5例，均先接受B超、ERCP检查，提示胆总管结石与胆总管末端狭窄，3例EST取石一次成功，1例首次EST取石失败后予保守治疗5天后再行ERCP与碎石治疗成功，1例因结石较多较大行开腹胆总管探查术。结论：对LC术后黄疸，在B超等检查排除明显胆道损伤和胆漏后，胆总管结石应首先考虑。ERCP可进一步明确诊断，EST取石或碎石这一微创技术治疗胆道细小结石伴有胆总管末端炎性狭窄引起的梗阻效果良好。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的胆道并发症

胆道并发症是腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）常见而严重的并发症。为减少此并发症,对３６０例ＬＣ进行了性分析。其中４例发生胆道工发症（１．１％）。包括３例胆管损伤（１例胆总管横断伤、１例胆总管穿孔、例肝总管部分夹１例胆囊管胆漏。胆总管横断伤的病人因诊断延迟死亡。对胆道并发症的发生原因、诊断和预防措施进行了分析并根据有关文献进行了讨论。     

小儿胆石症的腹腔镜治疗

目的 讨论小儿胆石症的腹腔镜治疗及其适应证。方法 回顾分析1998年8月-2001年8月间收治的59例小儿胆石症病人的临床资料。结果 59例中55例行腹腔镜手术，54例腹腔镜手术成功，1例中转开腹胆囊切除术，其中1例行腹腔镜下胆总管切开、纤维胆道镜取石、T管引流术。1例病人出现医源性腹膜后血肿，无胆道损伤，胆漏及死亡病例发生，全组病例随访6个月以上未发现异常。结论 本组资料显示：①小儿胆囊结石的患病率呈上升趋势，可能与B超广泛应用及诊断水平提高有关；②LC在小儿病人中应用是安全的，可以成为小儿胆囊结石的首选治疗方法。     

BILE DUCT IMAGING AND INJURY: A REGIONAL AUDIT OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Background : The aim of the present study was to report details of practice with respect to bile duct imaging and bile duct injury. Methods : A prospective audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was undertaken in the Otago region from the introduction of LC in 1991 through to December 1995. The audit includes all procedures done by all surgeons in public and private hospitals over the period without exclusion. Results : Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted in 929 patients and completed laparoscopically in 832 (89.6%). Intra-operative cholangiography (IOC) was undertaken with increasing frequency over the study period, from 5.9% in 1991 to 32.2% in 1995. The overall IOC rate for individual surgeons varied from 4.5 to 47.6%. The use of peri-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) increased with the introduction of LC but has plateaued at ?6%. A total of 15.4% of patients with one or more clinical indicators of choledocholithiasis underwent LC without any form of bile duct imaging. Eight main bile duct injuries (0.86%) and a further 18 bile leaks occurred (total bile duct injury rate 2.8%). Intra-operative cholangiography was attempted (unsuccessfully) in only one patient with main duct injury, although five of the eight injuries were recognized intra-operatively. Conclusion : This prospective regional audit demonstrates a gradual return to the use of IOC, a modest but stable reliance on peri-operative ERCP, and a higher than expected rate of bile-duct injury.     

腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的手术指征、手术时机和手术技巧.方法 对265例急性结石性胆囊炎施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术.结果 239例成功,26例中转.结论 腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全可靠的手术方式.     

A SIMPLE AND SAFE TECHNIQUE FOR DRAINAGE TUBE INSERTION AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

A technique is described which facilitates the simple and safe placement of virtually any type of drain tube, when indicated, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

胆囊结石合并肝硬化的腹腔镜治疗分析

目的探讨肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性、安全性及手术技术特点。方法回顾分析我院自1991年3月至2007年3月间,240例Child A、B级肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果LC成功224例,中转开腹16例。中转原因:结石嵌顿,Calot三角粘连10例;术中出血,镜下止血困难4例;术中发现胆道变异2例。LC手术时间40.3±12.5min,术中出血60.8±19.5 ml,术中无损伤;术后出血2例,肺部感染2例,泌尿系感染2例。无肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,均治愈出院。术后住院日5.2±2.0 d。结论对于Child A、B级肝硬化患者,腹腔镜胆囊切除术是一种安全可行的微创手术。     

AUDIT OF OUTPATIENT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Background : Because the postoperative stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has shortened, it seemed that outpatient LC would be feasible. The aim of this study was to prospectively audit initial experience with outpatient LC at the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre. We aimed to determine appropriate patient selection criteria, to devise anaesthetic and discharge protocols and to assess patient satisfaction at follow up. Method s: All patients presenting for LC were assessed for suitability, and those elective cases unlikely to have a duct stone and fulfilling the social criteria were studied. After standard anaesthetic and LC technique, patients recovered in the day surgery unit for up to 8 h and were discharged if stable. The hospital in the home nursing service monitored patients for 48 h and arranged readmission if needed. Patient satisfaction was assessed by independent telephone questionnaire 6 weeks postoperatively. Results : Forty‐five patients (median age 43 years) underwent outpatient LC with a discharge rate of 82.3%, resulting in a cost saving of $984 per patient treated. One patient was readmitted, giving an overall success rate of 80%. After stricter implementation of the protocol in the second half of the study, the discharge rate rose to 92%. Patient acceptance of the technique was high at 84.5%. Conclusions : The results of the first 45 patients show that it is possible to safely perform outpatient LC with a low admission rate in fit, elective patients who live close to medical care. Provided a strict anaesthetic protocol is followed, the technique has good patient acceptance and provides some economic benefit to the hospital.