壳脂胶囊对NASH小鼠肝组织血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的观察壳脂胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠肝组织血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）表达的影响。方法将C57 BL/6J小鼠20只随机分为对照组（采用蛋氨酸-胆碱充足饮食喂养）、模型组[给予高脂、蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏（MCD）饮食喂养]、壳脂胶囊治疗组和自然恢复组。8周末检测血清转氨酶、瘦素水平,并观察肝组织脂肪变、炎症活动及纤维化程度;定量检测肝组织HO-1 mRNA的表达。结果治疗组动物肝脂肪变及炎症程度较模型组明显减轻,血清瘦素水平和肝组织HO-1表达较模型组明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论在高脂、胆碱-蛋氨酸缺乏饮食诱导的NASH小鼠,壳脂胶囊可降低肝组织HO-1表达,阻止NASH的发生发展。     

HIF-1α对非酒精性脂肪性肝病小鼠肝组织的影响

目的 探讨缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)进展中的作用.方法 将30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、高脂饮食模型组和蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏饮食(MCD)模型组,每组10只,建立非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)模型,分别取肝组织行组织病理学检查,采用缺氧探针检测肝组织缺氧程度,采用Re...     

蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型的建立及动态监测

目的:研究蛋氨酸.胆碱缺乏(MCD)饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)小鼠肝脏脂肪变性及炎症发生、发展的病理特点.方法:将40只C57/BL6小鼠随机分成2组,分别喂养MCD饮食(模型组)和对照蛋氨酸-胆碱充足(MCS)饮食(空白组),于造模的第1-5周动态连续取材,小鼠血清ALT、AST、TG及肝TG等生化指标...     

M1型巨噬细胞促进非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

目的:探索巨噬细胞在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)中的作用、机制和治疗价值。方法:通过给予8周龄雄性Alms突变( foz/ foz)小鼠高脂饮食6、8和10周,给予8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏(MCD)饮食7 d、3周和4周分别构建NASH小鼠模型,对照组小鼠分别给予普通饮食和M...     

Bad、Bax和Bid蛋白表达在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中的作用

目的:探讨细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bad、Bax和Bid表达在小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)中的作用.方法:采用胆碱-蛋氨酸缺乏、高脂(high fat, methionine and choline deficient, MCD)饮食建立小鼠NASH模型(实验组), 以胆碱-蛋氨酸充足饮食设立对照组. HE染色观察肝脏脂肪变、炎症活动和纤维化程度; 采用Western blot检测Bad、Bax和Bid蛋白表达.结果: MCD饮食喂养小鼠10 d可见轻度肝脂肪变, 3 wk形成中、重度肝脂肪变及明显的炎性细胞浸润, 8 wk肝脂肪变、肝细胞坏死、炎性细胞浸润加重, 或伴有轻度肝纤维化. 血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)水平随肝损伤加重而进行性升高. 10 d、3 wk和8 wk实验组小鼠肝组织Bad和Bax蛋白表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.05); 造模10 d实验组小鼠Bid蛋白活化, 10 d、3 wk和8 wk表达均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论:MCD饮食可导致小鼠NASH, 诱发细胞凋亡调节蛋白Bad、Bax和Bid表达上调.     

膦酸盐通过消耗巨噬细胞抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的脂肪变和小叶炎症

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）中巨噬细胞的作用,为代谢性肝病的治疗靶点提供方向。方法:将20只6～8周C57BL/6野生型雄性小鼠随机分为两组：对照组5只,蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏饮食（MCD）;实验组15只,MCD饮食+腹腔注射氯膦酸二钠脂质体（以清除巨噬细胞）。喂养4周建立小鼠NASH模型,留取血、肝脏及脾脏,分析...     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎合并肌少症性肥胖小鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨应用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和肌少症性肥胖小鼠的干预作用.方法 将28只雄性C57B/b小鼠随机分为对照组11只和模型组17只,分别给予普通饮食和高脂饮食饲养,在12周末将两组小鼠各随机处死5只以验证NASH模型.将其余模型组小鼠随机分为模型对照组6只和干预组6只,给予等量生理盐水或门冬...     

B细胞转录激活因子在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中的表达及意义

目的通过构建蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏(MCD)饮食诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)小鼠模型,研究B细胞转录激活因子(BATF)在肝脏中表达水平,并探讨其与NASH进展的关系。方法 C57BL/6小鼠共14只,随机分为对照组7只,MCD组7只。对照组正常饮食,MCD组给予MCD饮食8周建立NASH模型,通过实时荧光定量PCR、免疫组化、流式细胞术检测肝脏巨噬细胞中BATF表达情况,探讨BATF表达水平与临床指标的关系。结果与对照组相比,MCD组肝脏BATF和促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA表达水平明显上调,且MCD组的BATF集中表达于间质炎细胞的细胞核。MCD组小鼠F4/80+标记库普弗细胞比例显著高于对照组,其中以CD11c+标记M1型库普弗细胞为主。BATF表达水平与肝脏生化ALT、AST以及肝脏组织学NAS评分、脂肪变、小叶炎症、气球样变均呈显著正相关。结论 BATF参与NASH进展,在预测NASH进展中可能具有潜在价值。     

葛根素通过上调Nrf2通路缓解小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

背景 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)发病率呈上升趋势,炎症和氧化应激是该疾病进展的关键.葛根素有抗炎和抗氧化的活性,葛根素对小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的作用及其机制尚无定论.目的 探讨葛根素对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的改善效应及其机制.方法 采用蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏饮食构造小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型. C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常饮食组,模型组,葛根素组.三种饮食分别予以正常饮食、蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏饮食、蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏饮食加葛根素喂养4wk;收集血清和肝脏标本以检测组织学变化、炎症指标、肝功能、氧化应激相关指标.结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肝脏甘油三酯和胆固醇均有升高, H&E染色结果显示肝脏出现明显脂肪变性和炎症反应以及纤维化.与正常组相比,模型组抗氧化因子谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低,脂质过氧化标志物丙二醛是显著升高的.与模型组比较,葛根素组小鼠肝脏中甘油三酯和胆固醇明显降低(P<0.05),炎症因子如肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素1β明显降低(P<0.05),小鼠肝脏中纤维化基因αSMA、PAI-1、COL1A1、TG...     

杞蓟制剂对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝组织肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白的影响

[目的]研究肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)在大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)形成中的作用及杞蓟制剂对其影响。[方法]采用高脂饮食复制大鼠NASH模型。实验分为正常对照组、空白模型组、杞蓟制剂防治组、复方蛋氨酸胆碱片对照组。原位杂交和Western免疫印迹技术检测各组大鼠肝组织L-FABP mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。[结果]与正常对照组相比,空白模型组大鼠肝组织L-FABP mRNA和蛋白表达明显增强(P0.01);与空白模型组相比,杞蓟制剂防治组和复方蛋氨酸胆碱片对照组大鼠肝组织L-FABP mRNA和蛋白表达减弱(P0.01),杞蓟制剂作用优于复方蛋氨酸胆碱片(P0.05或P0.01)。[结论]L-FABP mRNA和蛋白表达增强引起脂质代谢失衡,参与NASH的发病。杞蓟制剂能调节L-FABP mRNA和蛋白的表达是通过调节脂质代谢来防治NASH的作用机制之一。     

Oxidative stress,KLF6 and transforming growth factor-beta up-regulation differentiate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progressing to fibrosis from uncomplicated steatosis in rats

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains poorly understood. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1), cytokines, oxidative stress and activation of hepatic stellate cells seem to play a role in this process. The aim was to determine the potential implication of these factors in the progression from uncomplicated steatosis to steatohepatitis with progressive fibrosis. METHODS: Animals were fed a standard diet, a 5% orotic acid-diet (OA) developing hepatic steatosis, or the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet inducing steatohepatitis for 2 and 6 weeks. Lipid peroxidation, CYP 2E1 expression and activity, expression of UCP-2, interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1, KLF6 mRNAs, and activation of hepatic stellate cells were examined by gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Lipid peroxidation increased in the MCD model whereas only minor changes occurred in the OA model. KLF6 and TGFbeta1 mRNAs were selectively up-regulated in MCD animals. Stellate cell activation, inflammation and collagen deposition only occurred in the MCD group. CYP 2E1 expression and activity increased in the OA group while both decreased in MCD animals. UCP-2 and IL-6 mRNA increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of steatosis, lipid peroxidation is associated with inflammation and stellate cell activation with concomitant increase in TGFbeta1 production, possibly through up-regulation of KLF6.     

Antioxidants vitamin E and 1-aminobenzotriazole prevent experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice

Objective. Hepatic oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the protective effects of antioxidants on NASH are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect and mechanism of antioxidants on NASH in mice. Material and methods. C57BL6/J mice were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 10 days or 3 weeks to induce steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (vitamin E, ABT, or vitamin E plus ABT) were supplemented in mice fed a MCD diet, respectively. The effect of antioxidants on oxidative stress and apoptosis was assessed, and activation of adiponectin and expressions of inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related genes, and fibrosis-related genes were assayed. Results. MCD feeding in mice showed increasing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) levels, and progressive hepatic injury including hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration. Administration of antioxidants vitamin E and/or ABT significantly lowered serum ALAT and ASAT levels (p<0.001) and ameliorated hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation. These effects were associated with repressed hepatic lipid peroxides through reducing hepatic MDA content and enhancing hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; down-regulated inflammatory factor COX-2, lowered activity of NF-κB, up-regulated anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and down-regulated pro-apoptotic gene Bax suppressed expression of the fibrotic genes TGF-β1 and MMP2. Moreover, expression of the anti-inflammatory factor adiponectin was also induced by vitamin E or ABT. A combination of vitamin E and ABT showed an additive effect on preventing liver injury. Conclusions. The present study provides morphological and molecular biological evidence for the protective role of the antioxidant vitamins E and ABT in ameliorating oxidative stress, hepatic apoptosis, and necroinflammation in experimental nutritional steatohepatitis.     

血红素加氧酶-1调控核转录因子-κB表达抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化的机制

目的探讨在非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化进展中血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）靶向激活对核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）及血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）表达的影响,以明确HO-1基因调控阻止该病发生发展的分子机制。方法选用清洁级7～8周龄健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏（MCD）饮食喂养8周建立非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化模型,分别采用HO-1激动剂血晶素、抑制剂锌原卟啉进行干预实验,以蛋氨酸-胆碱充足饮食设立对照组。实时荧光定量PCR检测肝组织HO-1、NF-κB、ICAM-1和PDGF mRNA表达;Western Blot检测肝组织HO-1、PDGF蛋白表达。结果模型组伴随肝脂肪变、炎症及纤维化的形成,肝组织HO-1、NF-κB、ICAM-1和PDGF mRNA表达显著增强,HO-1、PDGF蛋白表达与mRNA表达趋势一致;应用血晶素组肝损伤明显改善,肝组织NF-κB、ICAM-1和PDGF表达显著下调,而应用锌原卟啉组则呈相反趋势。结论 HO-1靶向激活可通过抑制NF-κB、及其下游ICAM-1、及PDGF表达阻止非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化的发生与进展。     

壳脂胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝组织PPAR-γ、IR的作用研究

[目的]探讨壳脂胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝组织PPAR-γ、IR的影响.[方法]高脂饮食饲喂SD大鼠以制备非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型,造模同时进行药物干预.干预8周后,自动生化分析仪检测血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总胆固醇（CHO）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、甘油三酯（TG）水平,苏木精-伊红染色、油红O染色观察肝组织病理,RT-PCR检测PPAR-γmRNA和IR mRNA,Western-blot检测PPAR-γ和IR蛋白表达.[结果]与模型组比较,壳脂胶囊能明显降低血清TG、CHO、LDL、AST、ALT水平（P＜0.01）;壳脂胶囊组脂肪变性和炎症反应程度均较模型组有一定的减轻;壳脂胶囊组大鼠PPAR-γ和IR的蛋白和基因表达水平均高于模型组（P＜0.05）.[结论]壳脂胶囊可能通过上调肝组织PPAR-γ、IR蛋白及PPAR-γ mR-NA、IR mRNA的表达,改善胰岛素抵抗,进而调解脂肪代谢,改善肝脏功能,达到防治NASH的目的.     

糖尿病患者慢性并发症与外周血单核细胞血红素加氧酶1表达的相关性研究

目的探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症与外周血单核细胞血红素加氧酶1（HO-1）表达的相关性。方法初诊2型糖尿病36例分为并发症组和无并发症组,正常对照组（NC）10名,比较各组空腹血糖（FPG）、血清丙二醛（MDA）水平、外周血单核细胞活性氧（ROS）产量及HO-1表达水平,并分析其相关性。结果糖尿病各组的FPG、MDA、ROS和HO-1水平均显著高于NC组（P〈0．01）,有并发症组的上述各指标均显著高于无并发症组（P〈0．05）。HO-1 mRNA分别与HO-1蛋白、MDA、FPG水平显著正相关,HO-1蛋白水平与ROS、MDA显著正相关,MDA与ROS显著正相关（P〈0．05）。结论初诊2型糖尿病合并慢性并发症患者的高血糖引起氧化应激并诱导HO-1适应性和代偿性增高,将来有望通过适当诱导HO-1高表达以拮抗糖尿病氧化应激。     

血红素加氧酶-1在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎进展中的作用

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在非洒精性脂肪性肝炎进展中的作用及其机制.方法 选用健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,采用胆碱-蛋氨酸缺乏饮食(MCD)4周建立小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型,以胆碱-蛋氨酸充足饮食设立对照组,并以MCD加HO-1激动剂血晶素或抑制剂锌原卟啉进行干预实验.小鼠血清ALT和AST采用全自动生化仪酶法测定.HE染色观察肝脂肪变、炎症活动及纤维化程度;逆转录聚合酶链反应和Western blot检测HO-1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α和白细胞介素(IL)-6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达.结果 MCD喂养小鼠血清ALT及AST明显异常,出现中～重度肝细胞脂肪变性,伴有点状和灶状肝细胞坏死、炎性细胞浸润、轻度汇管区纤维组织增生及窦周纤维化;HO-1、TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达较对照组显著增强,相对表达量分别为1.13±0.11、1.74±0.05,0.20±0.01、1.92±0.10,0.58±0.02、2.06±0.05对比0.43±0.02、0.75±0.05,0.08±0.00、0.59±0.02,0.22±0.01、0.91±0.02(P＜0.01);应用血晶素小鼠随肝脏HO-1 mRNA及其蛋白表达的上调及TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及其蛋白表达的下调(P＜0.01),肝脂肪变及炎症活动度均显著减轻;而应用锌原卟啉小鼠,肝脏HO-1 mRNA及蛋白表达明显受抑制,TNF α和IL-6 mRNA及蛋白表达则明显增强(P＜0.01),肝脂肪变及炎症亦随之显著加重.结论 抗氧化基因HO-1靶向性激活可阻止非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的发生及进展.     

罗格列酮阻止非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化进展作用机制的研究

目的观察PPARγ靶向性激动剂罗格列酮对高脂、蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏（MCD）饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化模型肝组织中转化生长因子（TGFβ1）及其下游效应因子结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达的影响，以明确其阻止脂肪性肝纤维化进展的作用及作用机制。方法采用MCD饮食8周建立C57BL6／J小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化模型，以蛋氨酸-胆碱充足饮食设立对照组，干预组小鼠采用MCD饮食加罗格列酮（每日50mg／kg）喂养。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）采用全自动生化仪测定。HE染色、Masson染色观察肝脂肪变、炎症及纤维化程度。TGFβ1、CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达分别应用RT—PCR、免疫组织化学染色方法检测。结果模型组肝组织出现重度肝细胞脂肪变，伴有点、灶状肝细胞坏死及炎细胞浸润、汇管区纤维组织增生及窦周纤维化，ALT水平和TGFβ1、CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05和P值均〈0．01），罗格列酮干预组肝组织学改变较模型组明显减轻，ALT水平及TGFβ1、CTGF表达明显下降（P值均〈0．05）。结论在MCD饮食诱导的小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝纤维化模型中，罗格列酮可通过靶向激活PPARγ下调TGFβ1及其下游效应因子CTGF表达，从而缓解或阻止疾病的进展。     

Sitagliptin attenuates methionine/choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis

Aims

Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), such as sitagliptin, may play an important role in the prevention of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study was conducted to elucidate whether sitagliptin could prevent steatohepatitis by inhibiting pathways involved in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet with or without supplement with sitagliptin for 5 weeks. Liver and adipose tissue from mice were examined histologically and immunohistochemically to estimate the effect of sitagliptin on the development of NASH.

Results

Supplementation with sitagliptin resulted in significant improvement of MCD diet-induced fat accumulation in the liver. In addition, sitagliptin treatment lowered fatty acid uptake, expression of VLDL receptor and hepatic triglyceride content. Sitagliptin also effectively attenuated MCD diet-induced hepatic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and liver injury, as evidenced by reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, ER stress markers, and TUNEL staining. Expression of CYP2E1 and 4NHE were strongly increased by the MCD diet, but this effect was successfully prevented by sitagliptin treatment. Furthermore, sitagliptin significantly decreased levels of MCD diet-induced fibrosis-associated proteins such as fibronectin and α-SMA in the liver. Inflammatory and atrophic changes of adipose tissue by MCD diet were restored by sitagliptin treatment.

Conclusions

Sitagliptin attenuated MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice through amelioration of mechanisms responsible for the development of NASH, including CD36 expression, NF-κB activation, ER stress, CYP2E1 expression, and lipid peroxidation. Treatment with sitagliptin may represent an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of NASH.     

三七总甙对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织细胞色素P450 2E1表达的影响

目的研究三七总甙对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织细胞色素P450 2E1表达的影响。方法用脂肪乳剂灌胃法诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型，并给予三七总甙干预，观察肝组织病理学形态的变化，采用免疫组化法检测肝组织细胞色素P450 2E1的表达，酶标仪法测定肝内丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量。结果与模型组比较，三七总甙干预组肝细胞的脂肪变程度明显减轻，脂滴减少，CYP 2E1的表达受到明显抑制，肝内SOD活性升高，MDA、FFA显著降低。结论三七总甙能显著抑制大鼠脂肪肝CYP 2E1的表达，减轻脂质过氧化反应，因而具有防治脂肪肝的作用。