口腔纳米载银无机抗菌材料的抗菌性能

背景：纳米载银无机抗菌剂具有抗菌谱广、抗菌能力强等特点,是目前口腔无机抗菌材料研究的热点之一。 目的：研究纳米载银无机抗菌材料的抗菌性能及抗菌机制,为基础实验研究和临床应用提供参考信息。 方法：研究多种口腔纳米载银无机抗菌材料对常见病原菌如变形链球菌、白色念珠菌以及粘性放线菌等的抗菌性能,其中包括最低杀菌浓度以及抗菌率等,同时进行对比分析。并且研究纳米载银无机抗菌材料的抗菌机制,明确其优点与不足。 结果与结论：口腔纳米载银无机抗菌材料具有较广的抗菌谱,对变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌、粘性放线菌、白色念珠菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及大肠埃希菌等均具有较强的抗菌性能,最低杀菌浓度较低,而抗菌率较高。但是同一纳米载银无机抗菌材料对不同的病原菌,其最低杀菌浓度不同,抗菌率也不同,而不同的纳米载银无机抗菌材料对同一病原菌的最低杀菌浓度也不相同,抗菌率也不同。     

纳米材料的抗菌机制及在口腔感染性疾病中的作用

背景：口腔感染一直是威胁人体健康的一个重要因素,它是口腔医学领域的主要研究内容之一。纳米材料作为一种新兴且治疗效果卓越的抗菌材料,由于其稳定性好、不容易受到抗生素耐药性机制的影响、抗菌作用强、抗菌谱广等特点,已逐渐成为预防和治疗口腔感染性疾病的一种全新手段。目的：归纳总结纳米材料的抗菌机制及在口腔感染性疾病中的研究现状,为口腔感染的防治提供新的研究方向和依据。方法：第一作者于2022年2月使用计算机在PubMed、万方数据知识平台和中国知网数据库检索2000年1月至2022年2月发表的相关文献,以“nanomaterials,bacteriostat,oral infection”为英文检索词,以“纳米材料,抑菌,口腔感染”为中文检索词,最终纳入97篇文献进行分析。结果与结论：(1)纳米材料的抑菌机制主要为：表面接触、浸入-渗透、催化氧化以及光热细菌裂解,通过这些机制使其在口腔感染性疾病中有着良好的抑菌表现;(2)与传统材料相比,纳米材料与致病菌接触的概率大,同时具有较强的抑菌能力,这些优势使得其在口腔感染的预防和治疗中取得不俗的成效。但在临床应用方面,纳米材料仍然存在着不少问题,例如...     

MCAI在口腔正畸教学实践中的应用

现代医学教育进入高科技阶段,功能强大及性能优越的多媒体辅助教学技术和医学教育的有机结合,成为高等医学教育和教学改革中的一种新型的教育模式和手段.口腔正畸学是一门理论性和实践性都很强的科学,和其他医学学科之间的联系十分密切.采用多媒体辅助教学技术改进传统的教学方法,探索更加有效的教学方法.     

制备TiO2-xNx薄膜陶瓷托槽的抗菌性能

BACKGROUND: Enamel demineralization has been plaguing doctors and patients in the fixed orthodontic treatment, so we attempt to seek an effective method of reducing its incidence. OBJECTIVE: To prepare TiO₂-xNx thin films at different thicknesses on the ceramic bracket surface by sol-gel method followed by detection of antibiotic performance. METHODS: TiO₂-xNx thin films at different thicknesses were prepared on the ceramic bracket surface by sol-gel method. The crystal structure, surface morphology and attachment force of these thin films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and multi-function material surface tester, respectively. The color changes of ceramic brackets before and after coating were evaluated through German VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 photoelectric color comparator. Antibiotic performance of the ceramic bracket coated with TiO₂-xNx thin film for Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by the flat colony counting method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The prepared TiO₂-xNx thin film was anatase type, which had uniform and compact structure, and its X-ray diffraction peaks were elevated with the increase of film thickness. The attachment force of the thickest film was 18.37 N, indicating the thin film has a good adhesion to the ceramic bracket and can withstand the friction in the oral cavity. The antibiotic performance of TiO₂-xNx thin film for Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was also enhanced as the thickness of the thin film tended to increase, while the color changes of the ceramic brackets coated with different thickness of TiO₂-xNx thin films were not significant. To conclude, the ceramic bracket coated with TiO₂-xNx film that does not affect the appearance has high antibacterial activity to common oral cariogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, and the film can adhere well to the bracket.     

纳米载银磷酸锆抗菌聚氨酯的抗菌性能****

背景：聚氨酯材料具有优异的物理和化学性能,良好的生物相容性和抗凝血性能,且易加工成形,但聚氨酯制造的人工器官容易受到细菌等微生物的入侵。 目的：观察纳米载银无机抗菌剂对聚氨酯抗菌性能的影响。 方法：将纳米载银无机抗菌剂RHA-2,按0%(空白对照组),0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,5%比例添加到聚氨酯中。采用薄膜密着法检测抗菌聚氨酯对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,并分析比较抗菌剂添加比例与聚氨酯抗菌性能的相关性。 结果与结论：添加纳米载银无机抗菌剂的聚氨酯对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用。抗菌剂添加比例0.5%~5%组对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为80.23%,91.32%,95.23%,99.19%,99.87%,99.93%,对大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为76.70%,86.96%,92.92%,95.43%,99.34%,99.87%,显示抗菌性能随抗菌剂添加比例的上升而明显提高。表明纳米载银无机抗菌剂的添加赋予了聚氨酯优异的抗菌性能,且从抗菌角度出发,推荐纳米载银无机抗菌剂在聚氨酯中的添加比例不应低于1.5%。     

纳米氧化锌抗菌性能及机制*◆

 背景：氧化锌作为一种活性氧化物类抗菌材料,拥有良好的生物相容性、安全性以及长效性。目的：总结纳米氧化锌的抗菌性能及其抗菌机制。方法：应用计算机检索1995-12/2011-02 Elsevier (ScienceDirect)及Web of Science期刊引文索引数据库相关文章,检索词为“antibacterial properties of nano-zinc oxide”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索1995-12/2011-02 CNKI学术总库及万方数据库相关文章,检索词为“纳米氧化锌抗菌性能”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。共检索到文献75篇。结果与结论：纳米氧化锌在很多方面的杀菌性能都很强,并且由于其良好的生物相容性、安全性以及长效性,可以取代医学上其他活性氧化物抗菌材料。文章从纳米氧化锌抗菌性能改性,以及形貌与结构对抗菌性的影响等方面,详细总结了纳米氧化锌的抗菌性能及其抗菌机制,但是如何提高纳米氧化锌的利用率和杀菌性能,如何使纳米氧化锌应用于更多细菌的抑制或更广阔的领域,都需要人们的继续努力。关键词：纳米氧化锌;抗菌材料;抗菌机制;生物材料;综述文献 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.03.033      

TiO2-xNx抗菌托槽的抑菌性能

 背景：有研究表明TiO_2-xN_x薄膜对变形链球菌、黏性放线菌及白色念珠菌具有良好的抗菌效果。目的：进一步评价TiO_2-xN_x薄膜托槽的抗菌性能。 方法：纳入10例正畸患者,将口内牙齿以上下中线分为左右两侧,分别粘接普通金属托槽和TiO_2-xN_x薄膜托槽,在矫治前、矫治后1,2,3,4周检测正畸菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数及釉质脱矿指数。结果与结论：普通金属托槽组矫治后1,2,3,4周的正畸菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数及釉质脱矿指数均高于矫治前(P < 0.05);TiO_2-xN_x薄膜托槽组矫治后3周的牙龈指数高于矫治前(P < 0.05),矫治后1,2,3周的龈沟出血指数高于矫治前(P < 0.05),矫治后2,3,4周的釉质脱矿指数高于矫治前(P < 0.05);TiO_2-xN_x薄膜托槽组矫治后1-4周的正畸菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数均低于普通金属托槽组(P < 0.05),矫治后2-4周的牙龈指数、釉质脱矿指数均低于普通金属托槽组(P < 0.05)。表明TiO_2-xN_x薄膜托槽具有较好的抗菌效果,可更好地控制和清除菌斑。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

口腔正畸治疗中微型种植体支抗的稳定和安全性

BACKGROUND: Traditional orthodontic anchorage has the disadvantages of discomfort, difficult to control, affecting the appearance, and relying on patient’s close cooperation. Because of short-time clinical research and application, mini-implant anchorage has a great controversy in the orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of mini-implant anchorage in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS:Eighty cases undergoing the orthodontic treatment at the Center of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Yaan People’s Hospital in China from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study. These patients were equally randomized into test group and control group, which were subjected to mini-implant anchorage or headgear anchorage, respectively. The treatment was continued for 2 years in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the treatment, the successful rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the upper central incisor convex distance difference, inclination angle of the upper central incisor, displacement of the molar, SNA angle, inter-canine width, were significantly better in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). At weeks 4 and 8 after intervention, there was no difference in the expression of osteoprotegerin in the periodontal tissue between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the test group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate the mini-implant anchorage method can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy, improve the success rate of treatment, and reduce the incidence of postoperative infections, which has good safety and stability, and has good clinical application value.      

PBL教学法在口腔正畸学教学中的应用

为了提口腔专业本科生口腔正畸学的教学质量,温州医学院口腔医学院正畸教研室尝试将PBL教学法引入理论课教学中.并取得了初步的成功.本文对PBL教学法在口腔正畸学教学中的应用及所面临的问题进行了分析和探讨.     

镍钛丝弹簧在口腔正畸临床的应用

镍钛丝弹簧在口腔正畸临床的应用高柠，秦葵庆，姜同学，陈爽，王道富（中国人民解放军５７００３部队门诊部口腔科）（北京有色金属研究总院）镍钛推簧与拉簧是一种用于牙齿正畸的新型弹簧，具有镍钛丝超弹性的特点，适合于正畸矫治开拓牙齿间的间隙和向不同方向牵拉牙齿…     

教学组长责任制在口腔正畸科实习护士临床教学的应用

目的:探讨教学组长责任制在口腔正畸实习护士临床带教中的应用.方法:对2014年在正畸科采用传统临床带教模式实习护士30名与2015年采用教学组长责任制带教模式实习护士32名,带教结束后比较两组的操作考试成绩、教学满意度问卷调查和护士实习前后的自主学习能力.结果:教学组长责任制模式组的操作考试成绩、教学满意度以及护士自主...     

LZB-GC纳米载银抗菌剂在藻酸盐印模材料中的抗菌性

背景：关于藻酸盐印模材料的消毒方法一直存在争议。 目的：分析LZB-GC纳米载银抗菌剂在藻酸盐印模材料中的最佳添加比例。 方法：将LZB-GC抗菌剂分别以0.125%,0.25%,0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%的比例添加到藻酸盐印模材料中,以未添加LZB-GC抗菌剂的藻酸盐印模材料为对照,采用薄膜密着法测试其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。 结果与结论：随着LZB-GC抗菌剂添加量的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率随之增大(P < 0.05),当添加量达到0.5%及以上,抗菌率可达到99%以上。说明LZB-GC抗菌剂在藻酸盐印模材料中的最佳添加比例为0.5%。     

Antibacterial properties and corrosion resistance of Cu and Ag/Cu porous materials

The porous materials of Cu and Ag/Cu were successfully prepared by the electrodeposition on a precursor of conventional polyamide foam. The microstructure of the porous materials was observed by scanning electron microscope. Their porosity and specific surface area were measured. The inhibition effect of Cu porous materials against E. coli was also investigated. The broad-spectrum of antibiosis of the Cu and Ag/Cu porous materials were characterized. The corrosion resistance of Cu, Ag/Cu coatings was also compared. The shape and size of pores are uniform in three directions for the porous materials. Their porosity may reach above 95% and specific surface area is beyond 12.8 m(2)/m(3). The antibacterial test results show that the Cu porous materials not only exhibited high antibacterial effect and good broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, but also excellent persistent antibacterial effects; the antibacterial effects, and broad-spectrum of antibiosis were greatly improved through the deposition of a thin Ag coating on the surface of Cu porous material.     

外科吻合用生物可降解纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料的研制

背景：普通外科手术中,磁吻合技术以操作简便、吻合迅速、对位准确、吻合质量确定、应用范围广泛等优点备受关注,但磁材料留置体内可能会对机体产生一些不良的影响,生物可降解纳米磁性复合材料有望解决此问题。 目的：研制适用于外科吻合用的生物可降解纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料,并评价其主要磁性能、体外降解性能。 方法：采用高能球磨法制备纳米钕铁硼微粒,以溶剂挥发法将纳米钕铁硼微粒与生物可降解材料聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物复合(聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物含量分别为2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),在特定温度(60,80,100,120,140 ℃)、压力(6,8,10,12,14 MPa)条件下,以温压成型工艺压制生物可降解聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物-纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料,检测其最大磁能积。采用磷酸盐缓冲液恒温振荡浸泡法进行生物可降解聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物-纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料(聚乳酸与羟基乙酸摩尔比分别为90/10、70/20、50/50)体外降解实验,扫描电镜观察磁体降解前后显微形态结构变化及降解时间与聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物摩尔比的关系。 结果与结论：生物可降解纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料的磁性能在一定范围内与纳米钕铁硼微粒含量、成型温度及成型压力呈正比,与聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物含量呈反比。在工艺参数为温度120 ℃、压力12 MPa、聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物含量为5%时其磁性能最佳,最大磁能积为45 kJ/m3。生物可降解纳米钕铁硼磁性复合材料在体外的降解过程与聚乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物内部组分的摩尔比密切相关,降解时间与聚乳酸含量呈正比,与羟基乙酸含量呈反比,聚乳酸与羟基乙酸摩尔比90/10、70/20、50/50组的降解高峰期分别为8,6,4周。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

纳米羟基磷灰石牙体修复材料的生物性能

BACKGROUND:Nanohydroxyapatite composition is similar to that of the natural bone, and because of its characteristics of nanomaterials, it has been widely used in the bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of nanohydroxyapatite composite materials in the repair of alveolar bone defect in animal models by detecting its cytotoxicity. METHODS: (1) In vitro experiment: nanohydroxyapatite extracts with concentrations of 10%, 50%, 100% (or hydroxyapatite leaching extracts) were used to culture periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells and L-929 cells for 7 days, respectively, followed by cell cytotoxicity analysis. (2) In vivo experiment: 45 adult rabbits were used to make animal models of alveolar bone defects and then were randomized into three groups: experimental group implanted with nanohydroxyapatite, control group with hydroxyapatite, and blank control group with no implant material. New bone formation was observed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro experiment: after directly cultured with 10%, 50%, 100% nanohydroxyapatite extracts, the cell cytotoxicity was graded 0 to 1, indicating no presence of cytotoxicity. (2) In vivo experiment: in the three groups, the percentage of new bone area accounting for the total visual field was gradually in a rise over time. Moreover, the amount of new bone tissues was higher in the experimental group than the other two groups at different time (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the nanohydroxyapatite materials have no cytotoxicity that can be used to promote the repair of alveolar bone defects.     

Antibacterial properties of nitric oxide-releasing sol-gels

The antibacterial characteristics of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing sol-gel coatings are described. The NO release from these surfaces is steady over short periods (approximately 1 h) and measurable over several days. The ability of NO to prevent bacterial adhesion is evaluated by exposing controls and NO-releasing sol-gels to approximately 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/mL saline suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to sol-gel controls varies depending on the sol-gel formulation. Sol-gel surfaces capable of NO release decrease bacterial adhesion by 30% to 95% relative to controls. The contact angle measurements of control and NO-releasing surfaces are similar, supporting NO's action as an antibacterial agent against bacterial adhesion.     

Tensile properties of suture materials

The tensile properties of three new sutures, two non-absorbable and one absorbable material, have been evaluated and compared with those of polypropylene and nylon sutures. It was found that the five materials differed significantly in their tensile strengths and elastic/plastic deformation characteristics but displayed comparable elongations at failure. All sutures showed a decrease in failure load and elongation at failure when knotted. Most materials showed an increased tensile strength and decreased elongation at failure for smaller suture gauges, and this behaviour is thought to be related to their internal molecular organization.     

Hemostatic properties of glucosamine-based materials

Glucosamine- and N-acetyl glucosamine-containing polymers are being used in an increasing number of biomedical applications, including in products for surface (topical) hemostasis. The studies presented here investigate the relationship between the structure (conformation) and function (activation of hemostasis) of glucosamine-based materials. Several polymer systems were studied, including fibers isolated from a microalgal source containing poly-N-acetyl glucosamine polymers that are organized in a parallel, hydrogen-bonded tertiary structure and can be chemically modified to an antiparallel orientation; and gel formulation derivatives of the microalgal fibers consisting of partially deacetylated (F2 gel) and fully deacetylated (F3 gel) polymers. Comparison of the properties of the poly-N-acetyl glucosamine fiber-derived materials with chitin, chitosan, and commercial chitosan-based products are presented. Several studies were performed with the glucosamine-based materials, including (1) an analysis of the ability of materials to activate platelets and turnover of the intrinsic coagulation cascade, (2) an examination of the viscoelastic properties of mixtures of platelet-rich plasma and the glucosamine-based materials via thromboelastography, and (3) scanning electron microscopic studies to examine the morphology of the glucosamine-based materials. The results presented demonstrate that hemostatic responses to the glucosamine-based materials studied are highly dependent on their chemical nature and tertiary/quaternary structure. The unique natural microalgal fibers were found to have strongly prohemostatic activity compared to the other materials studied.