广东地区HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染特点与CD4+之间的关系

目的分析广东地区HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染发生的特点与CD4^＋细胞之间的关系。方法2004年1月至2006年2月在我院住院的326例HIV/AIDS患者,对其中312例进行CD4^＋分析。结果机会性感染率＋为94.17%,以肺部感染、口腔念珠菌感染、各种感染性腹泻、皮肤感染和败血症为主。312例患者中,CD4^＋〉350＋个/μ18例（5.77%）,CD4^＋在200～350个/μl之间34例（10.89%）;CD4^＋〈200个/μl260例（83.33%）,其中CD4^＋在＋＋＋100～199个/μl和50～99个/μl之间时均为47例（各15.06%）,CD4^＋〈50个/μl166例（53.2%）。312例患者中共＋发生669例机会性感染,CD4^＋〉350个/μl时,发生机会性感染13例（4.17%）。200～350个/μl共发生机会性感染＋30例（9.61%）。CD4^＋〈200个/μl时,共发生机会性感染251例（80.44%）,CD4^＋在100～199个/μl和50～99个/μl＋＋之间时均发生机会性感染44例（各14.1%）,CD4^＋〈50个/μl发生机会性感染163例（52.24%）。机会性感染率在CD4^＋大于350与小于50个/μl时比较,有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论机会性感染：随着CD4水平的降低,机会＋＋性感染的发生率增加,多部位感染增多,病情亦愈加凶险。各种细菌、真菌、原虫、病毒感染可同时出现,并累及多器官、多部位。     

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with the Lewis and ABO blood groups in dyspeptic patients

Background:

Helicobacter pylori infection is a basic risk factor for chronic gastritis, and gastric carcinoma. Based on some studies, the reason is binding of H. pylori to H and Le^b antigens in gastric mucosa. However, some other findings have not determined any association between the infection and these antigens. Because of this controversy and the fact that H. pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma are common diseases in Iran, the assessment of the association of H. pylori infection with these blood groups could be valuable.

Materials and Methods:

In a cross sectional study on 135 adult dyspeptic patients in Mashhad, Iran, from 2009 to 2010, H. pylori infection was evaluated by using the Heliprobe ¹⁴C-urea breath test and the ABO and Lewis blood group antigens were determined by the tube method. Association between the Lewis and ABO phenotypes with H. pylori infection were analysed by Fisher''s exact test. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:

68 (50.4%) patients were positive for H. pylori infection. The frequencies of the ABO, Lewis and secretion phenotypes were not significant in the infected and non-infected patients. We also did not find a significant association between Le^a and Le^b antigens and this infection.

Conclusion:

We could not establish a significant association between the Lewis, ABO and secretion phenotypes with H. pylori infection. Diversity of sequences of blood group antigen b-binding adhesion (babA gene) of H. pylori may be a reason why our findings are different from other studies in other geographic areas.     

调节性CD4~+T细胞及非调节性CD4~+T细胞与HIV/AIDS患者疾病进展关系的研究

目的分析比较中国HIV感染者CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(CD4+regulatory T cells,Treg)及非Treg细胞与疾病进展的关系,探讨Treg细胞在HIV感染过程中的作用。方法选取76例HIV/AIDS患者,根据其CD4+T细胞计数水平不同分为3组,A组CD4<200个/μL,B组CD4200～400个/μL,C组CD4>400个/μL。采用流式细胞仪胞内染色技术检测CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞的水平,并分析其与CD4计数及病毒载量的相关性。结果随着疾病的进展,Treg细胞百分比逐渐升高,各组间差异有统计学意义;Treg细胞及非Treg细胞的绝对计数均明显下降,且以非Treg细胞下降为主;Treg绝对计数与病毒载量呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论中国HIV感染者随着疾病进展,辅助性T细胞等非Treg细胞的数量下降,对机体免疫保护能力降低,而Treg细胞数量及功能的下降使其对机体的过度免疫活化的抑制作用减弱,病毒复制,加剧病情进展。     

The occurrence of Helicobacter pylori in hydatid liver disease

Objective

To detect the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in hydatid liver disease.

Methods

A total of 58 patients with hydatid liver disease attending AL-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf and Al-Basrah governorate from February to August, 2008 were included in the study and served as group A. One hundred and twenty 1st degree relative patients (group B) and 20 normal persons including 10 male and 10 female (group C) as control were detected for the presence of H. pylori infection in general population. Chest X-ray was done for the above groups to exclude lung hydrated cyst. The patients were screened by ultrasound to obtain intra abdominal hydrated cyst and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) test was utilized to detect the H. pylori infection.

Results

Fifty eight patients from group A with hydatid liver disease, 30 male (51.7%) and 28 female (48.3%) were screened for the presence of H. pylori infection by using ELISA test. We found that 28 patients from group A had positive ELISA test including 19 male (32.8%) and 9 female (15.5%) (P<0.01). However, there were no positive results of H. pylori infection in group B and C by chest X-ray, ultrasound and ELISA test.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between hydatid liver disease and presence of H. pylori.     

HIV/AIDS合并HCV患者血红蛋白、肝功能与CD4+T细胞计数关系探讨

目的:探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)合并丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)患者血红蛋白与肝功能、CD4+T细胞计数之间的相关性,以期运用观察血红蛋白判断HIV/AIDS合并HCV的预后.方法:采用回顾性分析方法将抗病毒治疗前的HIV/AIDS及HIV/AIDS合并HCV患者分别分为A、B、C组,进行肝功能、血红蛋白、CD4+T细胞计数的观察,予组间比较及统计学分析.结果:HIV/AIDS及HIV/AIDS合并HCV患者A、B、C组各组间贫血发生率有统计学差异(P＜0.05),HIV/AIDS组中随CD4+T细胞计数下降贫血发生率增高,HIV/AIDS合并HCV组中随CD4+T细胞计数下降贫血发生率有不同程度升高.HIV/AIDS及HIV/AIDS合并HCV各组间肝功能与CD4+T细胞计数无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:HIV/AIDS合并HCV发生贫血亦较为常见.     

Searching the H. pylori; serology & PCR in children with adenoid hypertrophy and rhino sinusitis: a cross sectional study,Tehran, Iran

Objective

Searching the H. pylori -DNAs in adenoid and IgA, IgG antibodies in serum of children.

Methods

A cross- sectional study had done upon 53 children (Mean age 8 ±1.9 years) with adenoid surgery in ENT and Pediatric Department of Rasul Akram Hospital (2008-2010). Of 53 cases with adenoid surgery, 40 cases had rhino sinusitis (in sinus CT scan). The resected adenoid tissues (n=40) centrifuged and homogenized and its DNAs extracted and searched for H. pylori- DNAs by qualitative PCR. Serum H. pylori antibodies (IgG &IgA ELISA) calculated quantitatively. Chi square values (p < 0.05) calculated for all categorical variables. The agreement between serologic test and PCR was assessed by the calculation of kappa statistic.

Results

Positive PCR for H. pylori detected in 15%of cases; regardless of sex and age of cases. Positive IgA: 17.5% (7/40) and IgG: 20% (8/40) respectively. All cases with positive H. pylori- IgG were female; p=0.003 and meaningful differences in mean age of cases observed for positive IgA (p=0.001) and IgG (p=0.01). Poor agreement observed between positive PCR and serum IgG&IgA (Fisher''s Exact test=0.3; 0.5).

Conclusion

Positive PCR in adenoid tissue (15%) was very close to positive serum IgA (15%) but without any agreement for each case. The H. pylori infection may have a relative role at least in 15% of children with adenoid surgery. Chronic sinusitis and ear infection might be added to infected adenoid tissue as a reservoir for bacteria. The search by specific culture may elucidate better the role of H. pylori infections in both gastric and adenoid tissues. The decision for use of antibiotics to eradicate the H. pylori infection in recurrent or chronic adenotonsillar infections (with rhinosinusitis) before adenoid surgery needs Randomized Control Trial (RCT) studies. Drug of choice for eradication of H. pylori dependent to antibiotic sensitivity test in each country.     

尖锐湿疣患者皮损及外周血CD4+和CD8+细胞免疫功能的检测

目的通过对尖锐湿疣(CA)患者皮损及外周血CD4+和CD8+细胞免疫功能检测的分析,探讨尖锐湿疣患者细胞免疫功能的变化及其对CA的影响。方法通过流式细胞仪(FCM)对40例CA患者及20名正常人外周血进行反映细胞免疫功能的T淋巴细胞亚群的检测,实验采用免疫组化的方法对40例CA皮损样本中CD4+和CD8+细胞的数目进行检测。结果CA患者外周血及皮损较正常对照组中的CD8+细胞百分率增加,CD4+细胞百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值降低。结论CA患者存在全身和局部的细胞免疫功能低下,而且局部皮损细胞免疫功能低下可能在CA的发病中具有重要作用。     

Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae)

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative therapeutic agents. In order to identify novel sources of such agents, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori and a reference strain NCTC 11638 using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. The active phytocomponents were detected by TLC and indirect bioautography. All the extracts exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 21 mm. The acetone and aqueous extracts showed potent anti-H. pylori activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(90)) values ranging from 0.06-2.50 mg/mL, whereas those for the control antibiotics ranged from 0.001-5.0 mg/mL. The acetone extract was highly bactericidal at 1.2 mg/mL with complete elimination of the organisms within 18 h. The activity of both acetone and aqueous extracts was better than metronidazole (p<0.05). Most of the active phytocomponents were located in the acetone extract; R(f)≤0.62 with >90% inhibition. These results demonstrate that the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may contain compounds with therapeutic activity; therefore, they may represent potential sources of new anti-H. pylori regimen.     

早期梅毒对HIV感染者CD4~+ T细胞计数的影响

目的分析在男男性接触人群中早期梅毒对HIV感染者外周血CD4细胞计数的影响。方法在男男性接触人群中建立HIV感染者新发早期梅毒的研究队列,确诊梅毒后给予苄星青霉素治疗。应用流式细胞仪检测梅毒感染前、感染期间和成功驱梅治疗后3个月、6个月的外周血CD4细胞,运用重复测量方差分析,分别对比梅毒感染前与感染期间、感染期间与成功驱梅治疗后3个月、6个月CD4的变化。结果 HIV合并早期梅毒感染者共50例,其中有45例驱梅治疗成功。与梅毒感染前相比,感染期的CD4计数降低(P=0.04);驱梅治疗后3个月CD4计数较感染期升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后6个月CD4计数较感染期显著升高(P=0.02),差异有统计学意义。结论梅毒螺旋体的早期感染使HIV感染人群的CD4计数下降,而成功的驱梅治疗可以逆转这一趋势。     

昆明地区HIV/HCV共感染者不同CD4水平肝功能对比研究

目的 了解昆明地区HIV/HCV共感染患者进行高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly-active antiretroviral treatment.HAART)前不同CD4水平时的肝功能有无差别.方法 对昆明市第三人民医院感染科抗病毒治疗门诊进行HAART治疗的325例HIV/HCV共感染患者,于抗病毒治疗前进行肝功能水平及T淋巴细胞亚群检测·根据CD4水平的不同,分为CD4>200和CD4<200 2个组进行肝功能结果 的比较.结果 HIV/HCV共感染者在CD4>200和CD4<200 2个组间比较,肝功能ALT水平、AST水平、TBIL水平2组之间无统计学差异 (P>0.05).结论 不同CD4水平时,HIV/HCV共感染患者的肝功能无明显影响.     

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus,and Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin seropositivity in coronary artery disease patients and normal individuals in North Indian population

Background

In present day atherosclerosis is perceived as a chronic inflammatory vascular condition and infectious diseases are believed to contribute to its pathophysiology. In this context, the microorganisms which are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology include Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Helicobacter pylori.

Method

A case control study (retrospective) was conducted over a two-year period. The study population was divided into two groups with 200 individuals in each group. The first group comprised cases of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the second comprised healthy controls selected from the general population after matching for age and sex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done for immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to H. pylori, C. pneumonia, and CMV. They were also evaluated for conventional risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidaemia. Epi Info™ version 6 six software was used for analysis of data. Odds ratio, χ² for trend and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to find out statistically significant results.

Results

Seropositivity for H. pylori was present in 119 patients of CAD (59.5%) but it was present in only 76 controls (38%) (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between seropositivity for H. pylori and CAD. There was no statistically significant association between C. pneumoniae and CMV seropositivity with CAD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done with CAD as the outcome (dependent variable). The predictor covariates (independent) variables were seropositivity to H. pylori, C. pneumoniae, and CMV, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. It was found that seropositivity to H. pylori, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidaemia were significant risk factors for CAD.

Conclusion

Our study shows an association between IgG antibody response to H. pylori and CAD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that this association was retained even on comparison with the other risk factors.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在类风湿关节炎患者免疫耐受失衡中的变化

目的 检测CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ 调节性T细胞（Treg）在类风湿关节炎（RA）患者外周血和关节液中的变化,探讨该细胞亚群在RA免疫耐受失衡中的作用。方法 采用流式细胞术检测活动期RA患者关节液、外周血和健康对照外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg细胞比例;实时定量聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）检测外周血和关节液单个核细胞FoxP3基因的表达。分析外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺Treg细胞比例与病情活动指标的相关性。结果 活动期RA患者关节液CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg细胞比例（7.56%±2.89%）高于外周血（1.84%±0.97%）和健康对照外周血（2.19%±0.54%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;RA患者抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体（ACPA）阴性组外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺Treg细胞水平（2.85%±0.87%）高于ACPA阳性组（1.40%±0.63%,P<0.01）。活动期RA患者关节液单个核细胞FoxP3基因表达水平高于RA患者外周血和健康对照外周血（P<0.01）;活动期RA患者外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg细胞比例与疾病活动指标无相关性（P>0. 05）。结论 RA患者关节液CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg细胞的变化更能反映RA炎症部位免疫耐受失衡机制。     

阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍血CD4~＋T细胞计数变化

目的观察阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者外周血CD4＋T细胞相对计数变化。方法采用流式细胞仪测定10例AD患者及14例MCI患者的CD4＋T细胞相对数,并与对照组11例比较。结果 AD组外周血CD4＋T细胞计数高于对照组（P〈0.01）和MCI组（P〈0.05）,MCI组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 CD4＋T细胞在AD炎症反应机制中起重要作用,但其对AD的影响作用还有待于进一步探讨。     

In vitro activity of natural honey alone and in combination with curcuma starch against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in correlation with bioactive compounds and diastase activity

Objective

To evaluate the in vitro activity and synergism of the combinations of natural honey and curcuma starch against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in correlation with total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and diastase activity.

Methods

The Folin-Ciocalteu test was used to determine the total polyphenols content and the flavonoid content was analyzed using by the aluminum chloride method. The antifungal activity of the natural honey, determined by an agar well diffusion assay and agar incorporation method.

Results

Total phenolic content varied from (63.93±0.11) to (95.36±6.08) mg GAE/100 g honey as gallic acid equivalent. Total flavonoids content varied from (5.41±0.04) to (9.94±0.54) mg CE/100 g. Diastase activity values were between (7.3±2.8) and (26±2.8). The zone inhibition diameter for the six honey samples without starch ranged between 6 and 20 mm. When starch was mixed with honey and then added to well, a zone inhibition increase diameter 7 and 21 mm. The percentage increase was noticed with each variety and it ranged between 5% and 62.5%. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for the six varieties of honey without starch against Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ranged between 28% and 36% (v/v). When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media, a minimal inhibitory concentration drop has been noticed with each variety. It ranged between 6.66 % and 20% (w/v). No significant correlation was established between diastase activity and bioactive compounds.

Conclusions

The mixture of curcuma starch and honey could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against Rhodotorula infections