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1.
背景:理想的脱细胞方法要求既能完全去除供体细胞,降低免疫原性,又能保留天然瓣膜的胶原纤维、弹力纤维等细胞外基质成分,以保持足够的机械强度。 目的:采用不同洗剂制备脱细胞猪主动脉瓣膜支架,对比其组织结构,探讨最为有效的脱细胞瓣膜支架制备方法。 方法:20个新鲜猪主动脉瓣膜随机分为新鲜对照组、去污剂组、酶消化组和去污剂-酶消化组,后3组分别使用Triton X-100、胰蛋白酶以及二者联合的方法制备脱细胞瓣膜支架,对比支架大体形态、苏木精-伊红染色、Mallory-Heidenhain染色和电镜下超微结构的不同。 结果与结论:经脱细胞处理后,去污剂组瓣叶柔软、光滑,苏木精-伊红染色少量核物质存留、纤维排列规整,Mallory-Heidenhain染色胶原纤维和弹性纤维相交错,电镜下呈波浪状排列、原纤维横纹清楚;酶消化组瓣叶局部塌陷,苏木精伊红染色细胞完全去除、纤维排列较紊乱,Mallory-Heidenhain染色胶原纤维和弹性纤维呈网状排列,电镜下纤维部分断裂、原纤维横纹存在;去污剂-酶消化组瓣叶柔软、光滑,苏木精伊红染色细胞完全去除、纤维完整,Mallory-Heidenhain染色胶原纤维和弹性纤维平行排列,电镜下纤维完好,但排列稀疏,原纤维横纹清晰。说明3种方法均可有效去除供体细胞,保持纤维结构相对完整,在完全清除供体细胞并保持纤维支架完整性方面,Triton X-100联合胰蛋白酶的方法更为有效。  相似文献   

2.
目的分别采用4种不同的方法灌注大鼠肺脏,采集灌注后肺组织大体形态;采取5种不同的染色方法比较脱细胞后肺组织的变化,筛选出较优的脱细胞方法。方法选择SD大鼠12只,雌雄不限,鼠龄8~9周,体质量200~300 g。随机分成4组[3-[(3-胆酰胺丙基)二甲氨基]丙磺酸内盐(CHAPS)组、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA-2Na)组、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)组、冻/融组],每组3只。取出整个大鼠肺,用设定的灌注系统采用0.9%氯化钠溶液(生理盐水)适当冲洗其上血液。采用下述脱细胞方法制备:CHAPS组用浓度8 mmol/L CHAPS灌注,EDTA-2Na组用浓度25 mmol/L EDTA-2Na灌注,SDS组用0.1%SDS灌注,冻/融组先冻融后再用0.1%SDS灌注,灌注完毕后均采用0.9%氯化钠溶液200 m L灌注冲洗,最后对脱细胞肺基质分别进行大体形态拍照、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、弹性纤维(EVG)染色、masson染色、COL-Ⅰ免疫组织化学染色、COL-Ⅲ免疫组织化学染色。结果 CHAPS组肺组织大体形态最为透明;HE染色可见EDTA-2Na组仍残留较多细胞核成分,其余组未见明显的细胞核成分;各组脱细胞后,肺基质构成的肺泡、细支气管等支架结构基本完整。EVG染色可见SDS组和CHAPS组染色较淡,但是SDS组对微结构破坏较大,CHAPS组肺基质保留较完整;COL-Ⅰ免疫组织化学染色可见CHAPS组肺基质保留较其他组完好;COL-Ⅲ免疫组织化学染色可见:SDS组和冻/融组较CHAPS组染色较深,COL-Ⅲ保留较多,且SDS组同冻/融组深浅无明显差别。masson染色可见:CHAPS组和冻/融组肺胶原纤维保留较完整,SDS组肺胶原纤维破坏较大。结论浓度8 mmol/L CHAPS灌注方法是一种较好的制备肺脏脱细胞支架的方法。  相似文献   

3.
背景:脱细胞基质材料去除了天然材料中的细胞成分,保留了基质成分,有效降低了天然材料的免疫原性,同时能够保持材料的机械强度。 目的:拟利用洗脱方法去除兔肋软骨中的细胞基质,制备天然生物支架材料。 方法:取新西兰大白兔肋软骨,清除周围组织后随机分组处理,以未经处理的肋软骨作为正常对照组;48 h处理组以去污剂-酶化学消化48 h;96 h处理组以去污剂-酶化学消化96 h,3组均通过苏木精-伊红染色及电镜观察脱细胞效果。同时收集诱导第7天的兔骨髓间充质干细胞3×109 L-1,与同种异体肋软骨脱细胞基质体外复合培养,于第3,7天取复合物行电镜观察细胞在脱细胞基质表面的黏附生长情况。 结果与结论:新鲜肋软骨标本每个软骨陷窝内均有排列紧密的二三个软骨细胞,去污剂-酶化学消化后软骨陷窝内的细胞逐渐脱失,至消化处理96 h后,软骨陷窝内的细胞完全脱失。共培养第3天时,脱细胞基质表面有大量骨髓间充质干细胞分布,细胞为多角形,有伪足伸出,锚定在基质表面,部分区域可见细胞在基质表面增殖分裂;第7天时,脱细胞基质表面大部分均为细胞覆盖,细胞呈扁平状,有多个足突充分伸展,细胞之间互相连接,分泌大量细胞外基质沉积在基质表面,呈冰霜样改变,表明制备的脱细胞基质具有良好的细胞相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接:  相似文献   

4.
背景:应用灌注法制备的大鼠全肾脏脱细胞基质支架具有良好的体外细胞相容性,但其体内生物相容性尚不明确。 目的:应用灌注法制备大鼠全肾脏脱细胞基质支架,检测其体内生物相容性。 方法:应用灌注法制备Wistar大鼠全肾脏脱细胞基质支架,进行以下实验:①急性毒性实验:在小鼠腹腔分别注射全肾脏脱细胞基质支架浸提液、生理盐水及苯酚。②溶血实验:将抗凝新西兰兔血分别与全肾脏脱细胞基质支架浸提液、生理盐水及蒸馏水混合。③热源实验:向新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射全肾脏脱细胞基质支架浸提液。④内皮刺激实验:在新西兰兔皮下注射全肾脏脱细胞基质支架浸提液,观察有无皮肤刺激反应。⑤皮下植入实验:将全肾脏脱细胞基质支架埋入新西兰兔背部皮下。 结果与结论:全灌注法制备的Wistar大鼠全肾脏脱细胞基质支架无细胞残留,未引起全身毒性反应、急性溶血反应、热源反应及皮肤刺激反应,植入兔体内具有良好的组织相容性。说明大鼠全肾脏脱细胞基质材料在动物体内具有很好的生物相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接:  相似文献   

5.
背景:研究证实,去表皮的真皮可以作为真皮替代物,在其上接种角质形成细胞后形成表皮结构。但有关真皮替代物细胞生物活性、组织结构特点及基底膜成分分析的研究报道较少。目的:观察人去表皮真皮细胞活性及组织结构特征。方法:将健康成人皮瓣用56℃PBS溶液处理以去除表皮,用液氮连续冻融处理去除真皮中细胞成分,获得去表皮真皮。以组织块培养法观察去表皮真皮细胞活性。以苏木精染色检测去表皮真皮细胞核,以波形蛋白免疫组化检测去表皮真皮成纤维细胞成分。以PAS染色及Ⅳ型胶原免疫组化检测基底膜及其成分。以VG染色检测去表皮真皮胶原纤维,Weigert染色检测弹力纤维,VG与Weigert双染色检测胶原纤维及弹力纤维,透射及扫描电镜观察去表皮真皮超微结构。结果与结论:用组织块培养方法培养的去表皮真皮2周无细胞生长。苏木精-伊红染色显示去表皮真皮中无细胞核、波形蛋白免疫组化显示去表皮真皮中无波形蛋白表达。VG染色显示去表皮真皮胶原纤维染成玫瑰红色,Weigert染色显示去表皮真皮弹力纤维染成紫黑色,双染色进一步显示胶原纤维与弹力纤维均匀排列。去表皮真皮表面及附属器残留部位PAS反应强阳性,Ⅳ型胶原表达明显。透射及扫描电镜下观察到去表皮真皮中胶原﹑弹力纤维交错排列,间有孔隙,相互交织成网。去表皮真皮无活细胞成分,真皮基质表面及附属器管腔壁仍保留糖原﹑Ⅳ型胶原等基底膜成分,真皮基质中富含胶原及弹力纤维,是一种类似在体真皮的三维胶原基质。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨猴房室结的形态学特征,比较物种之间的生物学差异。方法取4例广西猕猴房室结区域,石蜡包埋,连续切片,分别用HE染色、Van Gieson染色和间苯二酚品红液染色,光镜观察其房室结的形态学特征和组织结构。结果猴房室结呈前后长的三角体状。左侧紧贴中心纤维体,右侧有胶原纤维和心房肌覆盖。向前延续为房室束。房室结内存在少量起搏细胞、Purkinje细胞和大量移行细胞。细胞间质内含量有大量胶原纤维和丰富的弹性纤维,两者交织成网。结论广西猕猴房室结的形态较人和其他动物相似,细胞成分较成年人典型,间质内胶原纤维和大量弹力纤维丰富。  相似文献   

7.
文题释义: 脱细胞:生物移植或修补材料制备过程中常用到脱细胞方法,脱细胞能很好的保留组织的成分,降低移植或修补后的免疫原性,同时保持良好的机械性能,在临床上得到较为广泛的应用。 猪膀胱支架:利用不同的脱细胞方法去除猪膀胱组织中的细胞后制备为猪膀胱支架,既保留了细胞外基质的完整性,又可以降低移植后排斥反应,为进一步的对组织工程支架材料的研究奠定了可行的基础。 背景:膀胱修补术是目前临床上治疗膀胱缺损的主要方法之一,同源性组织因各种因素的影响来源较少,组织工程膀胱脱细胞基质受到人们越来越多的关注。猪膀胱脱细胞外基质来源广泛,具备天然的细胞外支架结构,成为组织工程膀胱替代材料研究的热点。 目的:研究脱细胞猪膀胱作为组织工程支架材料的可行性。 方法:取新鲜的猪膀胱,联合液氮冻融、十二烷基硫酸钠、胰蛋白酶脱细胞方法制猪膀胱无细胞基质。按不同脱细胞方法分组:①正常对照组:不做任何处理;②实验组:0.6%胰蛋白酶+5%十二烷基硫酸钠(pH 8.0);③脱细胞对照组:分别用0.75%胰蛋白酶(pH 8.0)、1%胰蛋白酶(pH 8.0)、5%十二烷基硫酸钠(pH 7.6)或10%十二烷基硫酸钠(pH 7.6)处理。通过苏木精-伊红染色和VG染色、DNA定量、α-Gal抗原检测,观察猪膀胱脱细胞效果。 结果与结论:苏木精-伊红染色显示实验组猪膀胱细胞成分已基本去除;VG染色显示实验组完整保留了猪膀胱组织的细胞外基质成分;实验组的DNA残留量仅为(49.84±30.13) μg/g,显著低于几个脱细胞对照组(P < 0.05);同时其α-Gal抗原残留也明显低于脱细胞对照组。提示:应用0.6%胰蛋白酶+5%十二烷基硫酸钠处理猪膀胱,在完整保留猪膀胱组织细胞外基质的同时,可有效去除其细胞成分,为构建脱细胞猪膀胱支架提供一定参考价值。 ORCID: 0000-0003-1004-7390(李芹) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程  相似文献   

8.
背景:前期研究发现人血小板源性生长因子B基因转染的牙龈成纤维细胞能够在体外快速增殖,且能够向胞外分泌血小板源性生长因子BB蛋白。目的:了解人血小板源性生长因子B基因修饰牙龈成纤维细胞植入脱细胞真皮基质后,在体内形成牙周组织工程化复合物的能力。方法:将人血小板源性生长因子B基因转染与未转染的Beagle犬牙龈成纤维细胞分别接种于脱细胞真皮基质上,观察细胞在脱细胞真皮基质上的生长情况。将人血小板源性生长因子B基因转染犬牙龈成纤维细胞-脱细胞真皮基质复合物(实验组)、犬牙龈成纤维细胞-脱细胞真皮基质复合物(对照组)及脱细胞真皮基质(空白组)分别植入裸鼠背部皮下,植入后2,4,8周,取背部标本进行组织学观察。结果与结论:人血小板源性生长因子B基因转染与未转染的犬牙龈成纤维细胞均能在脱细胞真皮基质上良好生长。植入后8周,空白组周围的细胞大面积进入脱细胞真皮基质内,部分脱细胞真皮基质出现完全自体化,尽管细胞进入较多,但新生成的胶原纤维较少,细胞只是占据原有的胶原支架生长;对照组开始出现大面积新生胶原纤维,脱细胞真皮基质上原有的胶原纤维逐步被新生的胶原替代,但原有的胶原结构得到保留;实验组出现大面积完全矿化,可见沿原有胶原支架排列的矿化颗粒。表明接种人血小板源性生长因子B基因修饰牙龈成纤维细胞的脱细胞真皮基质在体内获得了成骨性能。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程  相似文献   

9.
NaOH消蚀法制备胎儿脱细胞真皮基质的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的:探索NaOH消蚀法对胎儿真皮基质的成分及其形态结构的影响。方法:使用NaOH消蚀法制备胎儿皮肤的脱细胞真皮基质(ADM),应用组织化学和免疫组织化学染色方法检测细胞的余留及细胞外基质成分的破坏情况,应用扫描电镜观察ADM的构筑。结果:NaOH消蚀处理16h即可去除真皮细胞成分。制备的ADM韧性好,勿需戊二醛交联。弹性纤维的含量有所减少而胶原纤维形态完整,排列正常,保留了基本的真皮构筑。HLA—DR呈阴性,Fibronectin(FN)呈弱阳性,Laminin(LN)和Ⅳ型胶原均呈阴性。结论:NaOH消蚀法简易经济,去除细胞成分较彻底,所制备的ADM韧性好,胶原纤维形态完整,排列正常,但对基膜的成分及结构破坏较重。  相似文献   

10.
背景:慢性根尖周炎症导致根尖周骨质破坏及缺损并不少见,若不能及时消除炎症终止骨吸收和牙龈组织的破坏,修复根尖周组织缺损,最终将导致牙丧失。脱细胞真皮基质和珊瑚羟基磷灰石在动物实验中常用于修复牙周损伤。目的:评价异体脱细胞真皮基质与珊瑚羟基磷灰石两种材料联合修复根尖周组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:选择76例慢性根尖周炎患者作为研究对象,患者等分为实验组和对照组。实验组患者采用异体脱细胞基质与珊瑚羟基磷灰石联合修复根尖周组织缺损;对照组患者不植入任何材料。2组患者均行根尖切除及根尖倒充。修复后1周及6,12个月复诊,通过临床症状和 X 射线片检查评价修复效果。结果与结论:修复1个月后,实验组患者异体脱细胞真皮基质全部存活,因修整瘘管口周围炎性的肉芽组织导致的牙龈组织缺损已经愈合。在修复12个月后,实验组患者的修复有效率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。实验组患者修复6个月后骨缺损区阴影基本消失,珊瑚羟基磷灰石颗粒间的透射影减小,出现有一定致密度的影像,提示有新骨长入;12个月后珊瑚羟基磷灰石颗粒密度已接近正常的骨组织密度,与正常骨组织之间有密度移行改变,逐渐与牙槽骨形成骨融合。异体脱细胞基质与珊瑚羟基磷灰石的生物相容性良好。提示异体脱细胞真皮基质与珊瑚羟基磷灰石联合修复根尖周组织缺损具有良好的临床疗效。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接:  相似文献   

11.
Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc2 (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.  相似文献   

12.
Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.  相似文献   

13.
HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.  相似文献   

14.
Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.  相似文献   

15.
Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.  相似文献   

16.
Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996  相似文献   

17.
18.
Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999  相似文献   

19.
A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.  相似文献   

20.
There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.  相似文献   

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