杜仲醇提取物对兔下颌牵张成骨的影响

背景：目前牵张成骨由于治疗周期长、并发症较多成为临床广泛运用的瓶颈,不能满足临床推广需要。 目的：以兔下颌骨牵张动物模型为实验平台,观察全身运用杜仲醇提取物对牵张新骨再生的影响。 方法：24只新西兰大白兔随机均分为对照组及实验组,建立兔下颌单侧牵张模型,牵张速率为每12 h 1 mm。在牵张期2次/d,实验组及对照组分别予以灌胃杜仲醇提取物及等量生理盐水,牵张结束后6周处死动物收集标本行成骨检测。 结果与结论：两组动物牵张间隙内均可观察到新骨生成。牵张成骨结束后6周下颌骨CT图像显示实验组兔牵张间隙舌侧骨皮质生成良好,颊侧骨皮质连续,牵张间隙可见均匀骨质生成桥接;下颌骨核素扫描显示实验组兔下颌骨牵张间隙表现为核浓集,强度明显强于对照组;X射线显示实验组牵张间隙完全桥接,新生成骨质密度均匀,可见上下侧骨皮质形成良好;Micro-CT图像显示实验组骨皮质部分形成较好,骨小梁分布较为均匀,骨小梁明显较对照组粗壮,对照组部分区域仍有囊性变;Micro-CT微结构参数检测显示实验组骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量和连接密度均显著高于对照组;组织学观察显示与对照组比较,实验组牵张间隙中有较为成熟的束状骨,骨小梁方向较为规律。实验结果显示全身运用杜仲醇提取物可有效促进兔下颌快速骨牵张的新骨再生。     

失下牙槽神经支配与拔牙窝新骨形成及骨量保持

背景：牙齿拔除后拔牙窝内新骨形成及改建与神经支配密切相关。 目的：探讨失神经支配对拔牙窝新骨形成和骨量保持的可能调节作用。 方法：切除犬一侧下牙槽神经建立失神经支配动物模型,失神经支配侧为实验组,以未切除侧为对照组,组织学染色检测术后2,4,8,12周时间点拔牙窝新骨形成和骨量保持。 结果与结论：实验组拔牙窝骨缺损区的新生骨量面积百分比在术后2,4,8周明显低于对照组(P < 0.01);术后2,4,8,12周,实验组颊舌侧牙槽嵴高度差明显高于对照组(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。说明失神经支配与拔牙窝新骨形成和骨量保持存在密切相关性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

人骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进兔下颌骨牵张成骨实验的组织形态学观察

背景：如何提高牵张成骨过程中新骨形成的速度和质量,缩短牵张成骨治疗时间,减少并发症的发生是目前该领域的研究热点。 目的：观察人骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对兔下颌骨牵张成骨新骨形成的促进作用。 方法：36只新西兰白兔随机摸球法分为3组。建立牵张成骨动物模型,在固定期第2天,实验组于牵张间隙注射人骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰的自体骨髓间充质干细胞;对照组注射等量自体骨髓间充质干细胞;空白组注射等量生理盐水。 结果与结论：在固定期2周及6周实验组牵张区骨小梁形成质量明显好于对照组和空白组。证实骨形态发生蛋白2基因修饰的自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植能有效促进兔下颌骨牵张成骨新骨形成。     

脂联素对兔下颌快速牵张成骨的影响☆

背景：脂联素可参与骨代谢及成血管过程,但目前关于脂联素对牵张成骨有无促进作用尚不清楚。 目的：通过建立兔下颌快速牵张动物模型,探讨局部应用脂联素对骨牵张新骨再生的影响。 方法：16只新西兰大白兔随机摸球法均分为对照组及实验组,建立兔下颌单侧快速牵张模型,牵张速率为2 mm/d。在牵张开始的1,3,5 d,对照组及实验组分别于牵张间隙注入200 μL磷酸盐缓冲液或含有2 μg重组人脂联素的磷酸盐缓冲液。 结果与结论：两组动物牵张间隙内均可观察到新骨生成,组织学及显微CT检查显示实验组的新骨生成与钙化明显高于对照组。实验结果显示局部应用脂联素可有效促进兔下颌快速骨牵张的新骨再生。 关键词：脂联素;牵张成骨;动物模型;新骨再生;下颌骨 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.11.002      

不同时期转染基因对牵引区新骨生成的影响

背景：前期研究表明,电穿孔介导的重组质粒pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165能促进牵引区早期新生血管的形成和新骨形成。 目的：观察不同时机转染基因对兔下颌骨牵张成骨过程中牵引区新骨生成的影响,探索基因导入的最佳转染时间,以获得更好的治疗效果。 方法：新西兰大白兔48只,全麻下行双侧下颌骨截骨及牵引器植入后,采用随机区组法分成4组,分别于造模后即刻、牵引开始时、牵引结束时在双侧牵引区注射2 μg(0.1 g/L)重组质粒pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165,3组均予电穿孔刺激;单纯牵引组单纯牵引不行基因转染。各组于造模后3 d开始以0.8 mm/d、1次/d的速率进行牵引,连续牵引10 d;各组分别于固定期1,2,4,8周处死3只兔子,切取下颌牵引区新生组织行组织学检测和形态计量学分析。 结果与结论：组织学检查和形态计量学分析发现,牵引期转染组与即刻转染组、固定期转染组、单纯牵引组比较间隙内有更多的新生血管、成骨细胞和间充质细胞等成分,各时点新生骨量与新生骨小梁宽度明显高于后者(P < 0.05)。表明在牵引开始时(牵引期)进行基因转染较其他时间转染促进新骨生成作用明显,能够获得最佳的促进新骨生成的效果,提示牵引期是下颌骨基因治疗的最佳时机。     

富血小板血浆在兔下颌骨牵张成骨中的作用

目的探讨富血小板血浆对兔下颌骨牵张成骨的影响。方法将24只成年健康白兔随机分为2组,实验组在牵张期注射自体富血小板血浆于牵张间隙中,对照组不注射富血小板血浆。牵张结束后2、4、8周每组各处死4只动物取材,进行骨密度测量、组织学和扫描电镜观察。结果所有实验动物下颌骨均被成功延长7.0mm,牵张间隙中可见新骨组织生成与改建。同对照组相比,实验组新骨生成与矿化较快,牵张间隙中骨小梁分布密度及成熟度也较高。结论自体富血小板血浆对兔下颌骨牵张成骨可能有明显的促进作用。     

富自体浓缩生长因子膜在兔下颌骨牵张成骨中的作用北大核心

背景:富自体浓缩生长因子膜可参与调节代谢,已被用于骨缺损的重建。研究发现在牵张成骨的新骨缝附近的成骨细胞、间质细胞及骨细胞的胞质中均有骨保护素和核因子ΚB受体活化因子配体表达。目的:分析骨矫形作用的机制及富自体浓缩生长因子膜对兔下颌骨牵张成骨的促进意义。方法:随机选取24只大白兔建立兔下颌骨牵张成骨模型;对照组行左单侧下颌骨牵张成骨;实验组将富自体浓缩生长因子膜固定于牵张成骨器内侧面并且完全包绕牵张间隙,再行右单侧下颌骨牵张成骨;共延长6 mm。在固定期第1,7,14及28天分别处死动物,获取双侧下颌骨行组织学苏木精-伊红染色、免疫印迹法Western blot法和免疫组织化学检测核因子ΚB受体活化因子配体及骨保护素在新生骨中的表达情况;观察和对比两组间牵张间隙内成骨效果。结果与结论:牵引后第1,7,14天骨保护素表达的阳性细胞率和阳性面积百分比实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);牵引后第1,14天核因子ΚB受体活化因子配体表达的阳性细胞率和阳性面积百分比实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);Western blot法检测核因子ΚB受体活化因子配体/骨保护素比值对照组较实验组要高(P<0.01)。结果说明,富自体浓缩生长因子膜可促进兔下颌骨牵张成骨间隙内的新骨形成和矿化,说明富自体浓缩生长因子膜是促进下颌骨牵张成骨的有效手段。     

犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学分析

背景：牙槽骨牵张成骨是解决严重牙槽骨萎缩的重要方法,其成骨过程和生物力学对于以后的种植和修复极为重要,目前一直缺少相关的实验研究。 目的：分析犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学特点。 方法：先拔除12只杂种犬双侧下颌前磨牙,牙槽骨修整后,制作萎缩牙槽骨模型。3个月后,植入骨内型牙槽骨牵张器。经过7 d的间歇期,以1 mm/d,1次/d的频率进行牙槽骨垂直向增高。在固定期的1,2和3个月,对牵张后的牙槽骨进行临床、生物力学、放射学和组织学检测。 结果与结论：所有牵张器与周围组织愈合良好。牵张结束时,临床和放射学检查显示：萎缩牙槽骨分别增高 (4.80±0.50) mm和(5.12±0.67) mm。组织学检测发现牵张区骨小梁在固定期的1-3个月成熟,其剪切力逐步提高,固定期3个月时和自体骨的剪切力相当。结果显示牙槽骨牵张成骨的组织学和生物力学性能在固定期3个月时与自体骨相当。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

磷酸钙骨水泥复合骨形态发生蛋白6和血管内皮生长因子修复骨缺损

背景：单独将骨形态发生蛋白或血管内皮生长因子植入体内易被血液冲刷掉而不能最大限度发挥诱导成骨和血管生成作用,同时缺少载体的支撑作用。 目的：观察骨形态发生蛋白6、血管内皮生长因子及磷酸钙骨水泥联合应用在骨缺损修复过程中的作用。 方法：制作新西兰兔双侧股骨内侧髁骨缺损模型,左侧分别植入磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子、磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6及磷酸钙骨水泥,右侧不植入任何物质作为空白对照。植入8,16周通过硬组织切片组织学观察、电镜扫描等手段观察新骨形成情况。 结果与结论：各组材料的组织相容性良好,未见明显炎症组织反应。植入8周时,磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子组骨水泥-骨组织交界处基本上被新生骨小梁包绕,材料进一步降解,新生骨小梁表面可见大量活跃的成骨细胞;16周时,新生骨小梁继续长入,进一步增长、增粗、增多,有大量新生编织骨成网格状长入材料中,骨水泥材料降解明显,与周围组织结合紧密,降解与骨长入同步,此组不同时间点成骨速度及成骨效果均明显优于其他两组材料(P < 0.05)。表明3种材料联合应用可协同促进骨缺损修复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

异位预成中心性血管化人工骨的构建

背景：血管化在骨形成和改建中起重要作用,生物活性陶瓷β-磷酸三钙的多孔性及可吸收性为血管植入构建血管化人工骨提供可能。 目的：探讨异位预成中心性血管化人工骨的建立、血供及人工骨血管化的机制,为异位预成中心性血管化人工骨的临床应用提供理论依据。 方法：选择新西兰兔的腰背动脉解剖分离形成血管束,实验侧将血管束移入人工骨侧槽内,并用自体微小骨颗粒填满,埋入背阔肌肌袋内,以未做血管束植入动物作为对照。术后4,6,8周行大体形态学和组织学检查。 结果与结论：血管束植入组人工骨形成类似滋养孔的结构,血管丰富,血管通畅。中心性血管化人工骨各处均有大量血管新生,4-8周充满全层,4周时开始出现新生骨和骨代谢,12周新生骨更趋于成熟。对照组仅少量血管自周围长入,新生骨少且不成熟。结果表明中心性血管化人工骨可显著促进人工骨血管化。该模型有望成为磷酸钙人工骨的临床应用的新方式。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

Investigation of the effect of certain chlorinated hydrocarbons on the composition of the hepatocyte population of the rat liver

Hepatocytes in the liver of albino rats poisoned by inhalation of dichloropropane and trichloropropane were investigated cytophotometrically and karyometrically. With respect to the effect on polyploidization of the hepatocyte nuclei trichloropropane was found to be more toxic than dichloropropane. The development of polyploidization is determined by the dose of the toxic agent and the exposure to it: The smaller the dose the shorter the time required for the effect to take place.Laboratory of Morphology, A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Cytology, N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 345–348, March, 1977.     

Effect of different types of overfeeding on state of the vascular wall in rats

From the age of 30 days male rats were overfed for a long time with an excess of fats or carbohydrates, leading to obesity. Overfeeding with carbohydrates caused a greater gain in body weight and a greater increase in the weight of the epididymal fat and in metabolism of the fat cells than overfeeding with fat, but it did not lower the lipolytic activity of the aortic wall. Prolonged overfeeding with fats greatly reduced the lipolytic activity of the aortic wall. The results thus showed that a predisposition of the aortic wall to atherogenesis does not correlate with gain in weight and depends on the character of feeding.Laboratory of Physiology of the Human Endocrine System, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Morphology of the Cardiovascular System, Department of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. G. Baranov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1297–1298, November, 1976.     

Synchronization of cell proliferation in sarcoma 37 of mice by hydroxyurea

The synchronizing action of hydroxyurea on the passage of sarcoma 37 cells through the S phase and mitosis was investigated in mice, allowing for diurnal fluctuations in mitotic activity and the index of labeled nuclei. The degree of synchronization was estimated from changes in the number of proliferating or labeled cells and the rate of change of synchronization. The tumor consisted of at least two cell populations in which variations in the number of cells both in the S period and also, probably, in mitosis were out of phase. The degree of artificial synchronization of the cells in mitosis based on the rate of change of synchronization was much higher than the natural level in the tumor not divided into separate populations. However, the number of cells undergoing artificial synchronization was not significantly different not only from the number of cells in the tumor undivided into separate populations, but also from the number of cells naturally synchronized in one of the populations. A possible explanation of this fact is that hydroxyurea acted on only one group of cells, for fluctuations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in the separate populations also were out of phase.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of General Biology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1352–1354, November, 1976.     

Effect of toxin of burned skin on the state of the hemodynamics in rats

Toxin for burned rat skin, purified immunochemically, possesses definite physiological activity against the cardiovascular system of homologous animals. If injected into the blood stream, the toxin lowers the systemic arterial pressure within 2 h from 125±7 to 74±8 mm Hg. The development of systemic hypotension is accompanied by secondary disorders of the microcirculation in the mesentery of the small intestine, characterized by constriction of the arterioles, slowing of the blood flow along the venules, and reduction of the capillary blood flow.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 275–276, March, 1976.     

Ultrastructural analysis of the adrenal cortex in rats after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy

Electron-microscopic investigation of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex in rats showed that 7 days after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy the perinuclear space of the adrenocorticocytes and endothelial cells is widened, the tubules of the smooth cytoplasmic reticulum are dilated, the mitochondria edematous, their cristae reduced, and the number and size of the lipid droplets diminished. After 45 days some mitochondria were starting to undergo myelinization, lipid droplets were aggregating, and electron-translucent vacuoles appeared in them. Vagotomy depresses the function of the adrenocorticocytes of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex.Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Internal Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 492–494, April, 1977.     

Changes in the accessory group of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells after stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus

Changes in the accessory group of neurosecretory cells in cats were studied in acute experiments under chloralose anesthesia. Unilateral stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus, leading to vasoconstriction, caused activation of cells of the accessory group on the side of stimulation and an increase in size of the nucleolus. Cells of the paraventricular nucleus were unchanged whereas cells of the supraoptic nucleus were activated. The uniformity of response of the accessory group of neurosecretory cells and of the supraoptic nucleus, together with histochemical data in the literature, suggests that the two groups of cells produce vasopressin, some of which accumulates in the posterior lobe of the pituitary and some acts as a mediator outside the hypothalamus.Laboratory of Physiology of the Cerebral Circulation, A. L. Polenov Leningrad Neurosurgical Research Institute. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 236–238, February, 1977.     

Changes in state of the surfactant in experimental pneumonia

The state of the lung surfactant in rabbits at different stages of development of experimental pneumonia (3–60 days) was compared with the dynamics of oxidoreductases in the alveolar epithelium and cells of the inflammatory focus of infiltration. In the initial stage (3–7 days) of activation of cell metabolism there was a brief increase in, the intensity of surfactant lipid synthesis, accompanied by relative inhibition of phospholipid synthesis. Later, development of degenerative changes and sclerosis of the parenchyma was accompanied by inhibition of synthesis of all components of the surfactant. The surface activity of the surfactant became stabilized at a low level.Laboratory Division, I. M. Sechenov Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Physical Methods of Treatment, Yalta. Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Internal Medicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, Crimean Medical Institute, Simferopol'. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 286–288, September 1977.     

Migration of nucleoli and karyoplasm into the cytoplasm of reticular cells in lymph node cultures

The successive stages of a process characterized by migration of the nucleoli and part of the contents of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of reticular cells were recorded in primary cultures of lymph nodes from albino mice with transplantable leukemia NK/LY. Comparison of the results with data of autoradiography, indicating high proliferative and metabolic activity of the reticular cells, leads the author to suggest that the phenomenon reflects, at the morphological level, the secretory function of the stromal cells of the hematopoietic organs.Laboratory of Cytoenzyme Diagnosis, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 585–588, May, 1978.     

Comparison of lipid peroxidation parameters in the heart,liver, and brain of rats with different degrees of resistance to hypoxia

The relationship between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system in the heart, liver, and brain is studied in male Wistar rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia tested by being “raised” to an altitude of 11.5 km and in intact outbred rats. It is found that in all groups of rats the content of lipid peroxidation products is highest in the liver, lower in the heart, and lowest in the brain. In all groups, the rate of the ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart. The activity of the antioxidant system is highest in the brain, lower in the liver, and lowest in the heart of low-resistance and outbred rats, while in high-resistance rats it is the same in all the organs. Thus, the difference in the parameters of lipid peroxidation and, particularly, of the antioxidant system in the studied organs is most pronounced in rats with a low resistance to hypoxia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 138–143, February, 1996 Presented by A. I. Archakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Many Ways–One Destination: Different Types of Neutrophils Death

Neutrophils constitute the most numerous populations of peripheral blood leukocytes, fulfilling the fundamental role in the development of the innate immune response. As the cells of the first line of defense, they guard the organism against the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Neutrophils, similar to the other cells of the immune system, enter the path of death after fulfilling their biological function. Depending on the conditions that they are found in, they may undergo different types of cell death which requires the involvement of numerous signaling pathways. In this review article, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the different forms of neutrophil death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, NETosis and pyroptosis.