人端粒酶反转录酶转染的骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠糖尿病

背景：人端粒酶反转录酶是调控增殖及定向分化的首选生长因子之一,具有多重生物学效应。 目的：观察人端粒酶反转录酶表达的骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠糖尿病的效果。 方法：体外培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经反转录病毒PLXSN 为载体介导人端粒酶反转录酶基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞,在转染前后用RT-PCR检测骨髓间充质干细胞人端粒酶反转录酶基因的表达。60只雌性SD大鼠中随机取15只作为正常对照组,一次性注射生理盐水,余45只按45 mg/kg的剂量注射链脲霉素建立糖尿病模型后,随机分为3组,分别通过大鼠尾静脉注射移植人端粒酶反转录酶基因转染的骨髓间充质干细胞0.2 mL、骨髓间充质干细胞0.2 mL、生理盐水0.2 mL。 结果与结论：转染48 h后发现,骨髓间充质干细胞有人端粒酶反转录酶mRNA的表达,且重点集中于胞核内。移植后14 d,糖尿病组大鼠空腹血糖维持在较高水平,且高于正常对照组(P < 0.05);与糖尿病组相比,各移植组大鼠空腹血糖水平显著下降(P < 0.05);与骨髓间充质干细胞移植组相比,人端粒酶反转录酶基因转染的骨髓间充质干细胞移植组大鼠空腹血糖水平显著下降(P < 0.05),接近正常对照组水平(P > 0.05)。结果提示人端粒酶反转录酶表达的骨髓间充质干细胞移植能有效治疗大鼠糖尿病。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肾损伤

背景：人端粒酶反转录酶(hTERT)是调控增殖及定向分化的首选生长因子之一,具有多重生物学效应,为建立基因工程的永生化干细胞系奠定了基础。 目的：探讨人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰脐带间充质干细胞移植对大鼠缺血再灌注诱导的急性肾损伤的治疗作用。 方法：体外培养人脐带间充质干细胞,构建缺血再灌注诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤模型,建模后将大鼠随机分为3组：对照组尾静脉注射1 mL L-DMEM培养液;空载病毒组：尾静脉注射1 mL经空载病毒转染人脐带间充质干细胞悬液;hTERT转染组尾静脉注射1 mL经PLXSN-hTERT转染的人脐带间充质干细胞悬液。 结果与结论：移植后第3,28天苏木精-伊红染色检查示hTERT转染组的肾小管损伤评分<空载病毒组<对照组(P < 0.05)。移植后第28天,CM-Dil 阳性细胞数为hTERT转染组>空载病毒组>对照组(P < 0.05)。移植细胞后第1,3,14,28天血肌酐、尿素氮水平均为hTERT转染组<空载病毒组<对照组(P < 0.05)。结果证实,hTERT基因修饰脐带间充质干细胞移植对大鼠急性肾损伤具有明显的修复作用。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞调控肝细胞增殖和凋亡

背景：研究表明人端粒酶反转录酶基因的导入可以使骨髓间充质干细胞的生命周期得到显著延长,使其能够继续保持多向分化潜能。 目的：探讨人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞对肝细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。 方法：采取直接贴壁法,分离、培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,利用脂质体转染法,将编码hTERT基因的真核表达质粒pCIneo-hTERT导入骨髓间充质干细胞。将hTERT基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞与肝细胞按1︰1共培养(观察共培养组),同时设未转染骨髓间充质干细胞与肝细胞按1︰1共培养组(对照共培养组)和肝细胞单独培养组,采用MTT比色法和免疫荧光染色法观察骨髓间充质干细胞对肝细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。 结果与结论：观察共培养组的肝细胞增殖率明显高于对照共培养组和肝细胞单独培养组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);观察共培养组的肝细胞存活率明显高于肝细胞单独培养组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果表明人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞可以抑制肝细胞的凋亡,并促进其增殖,具有改善肝细胞功能的作用。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

神经节苷脂联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗颅脑创伤

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞可以在体内外诱导下分泌神经营养因子,还可向神经元方向转化,从而促进创伤脑组织再生修复,但骨髓间充质干细胞又存在生存周期短的问题而影响其发挥对损伤脑组织的保护作用。目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂治疗大鼠颅脑创伤的效果。方法：60只Wistar大鼠采用液压颅脑损伤仪制备大鼠重型颅脑创伤模型,建模24 h后按照随机表法随机分为3组：模型组经尾静脉注入1 mL DMEM培养液,移植组经尾静脉注入1 mL(1×10¹⁰ L^-1)骨髓间充质干细胞悬液,联合组经尾静脉注入1 mL(1×10¹⁰ L^-1)骨髓间充质干细胞悬液以及经腹腔注射神经节苷脂水溶液(30 mg/kg),1次/d,共3 d。伤后24 h,细胞移植后3 d及1,2,3,4 周依据Longa 5分法进行神经功能行为学评分;移植后3 d应用RT-PCR、Western blot检测创伤脑组织中水通道蛋白4基因和蛋白的表达;移植后1周,行苏木精-伊红染色观察创伤脑组织病理变化。结果与结论：移植后3 d及1,2,3,4 周,联合组神经行为学功能评分低于移植组(P < 0.05),移植组低于模型组(P < 0.05);移植后3 d,模型组创伤脑周围组织水通道蛋白4蛋白及mRNA的表达高于移植组(P < 0.05),移植组高于联合组(P < 0.05);苏木精-伊红染色观察到联合组脑组织恢复明显优于模型组和移植组(P < 0.05)。结果提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂可以明显改善颅脑创伤大鼠的神经行为学功能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

携带人端粒酶反转录酶基因脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗肺动脉高压

背景：保护机体肺血管的内皮细胞,是降低肺循环压力,预防肺动脉高压的重要环节。 目的：观察携带人端粒酶反转录酶基因的脐血间充质干细胞移植对大鼠肺动脉高压的治疗作用。 方法：体外进行脐血间充质干细胞的培养及纯化,在腺病毒介导下使人端粒酶反转录酶基因成功导入脐血间充质干细胞。将60只SD大鼠随机分成3组：肺动脉高压组、空腺病毒组、腺病毒转染组,每组20只,腹腔注射野百合碱进行肺动脉高压模型复制后,于颈内静脉分别注射1 mL的伊戈尔低糖培养基(L-DBEB),1 mL (1.5×1010 L-1)脐血间充质干细胞悬液,1 mL(1.5×1010 L-1)腺病毒介导下人端粒酶反转录酶基因转染的脐血间充质干细胞悬液。移植21 d后检测各组大鼠血流动力学水平、血浆内皮素1水平以及右心室的肥大指数。 结果与结论：各组大鼠动脉血压差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);与肺动脉高压组及空腺病毒组比较,腺病毒转染组大鼠肺动脉收缩期压力、平均肺动脉压均降低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);腺病毒转染组大鼠右心室肥大指数与肺动脉高压组及空腺病毒组相比较,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);腺病毒转染组大鼠血浆内皮素1水平明显低于肺动脉高压组及空腺病毒组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果表明携带人端粒酶反转录酶基因的脐血间充质干细胞移植后,能够改善大鼠机体血流动力学异常状态,还可以保护机体血管内皮细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子转染骨髓间充质干细胞静脉输入治疗缺血性心肌病

背景：金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1可能通过抑制基质金属蛋白酶活性降低干细胞侵袭能力,提高其归巢修复能力。 目的：观察转染金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1基因骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复损伤心肌的能力。 方法：开胸结扎SD大鼠冠状动脉前降支建立心肌梗死模型,1周后随机分组：空白组经尾静脉内注射DMEM悬液;干细胞组经尾静脉内注射含1×10⁷骨髓间充质干细胞的DMEM悬液;绿色荧光蛋白-干细胞组经尾静脉内注射转染带有绿色荧光蛋白基因慢病毒空载体的骨髓间充质干细胞(1×10⁷)DMEM悬液;TIMP-1-shRNA-干细胞组经尾静脉内注射转染TIMP-1-shRNA的骨髓间充质干细胞(1×10⁷)DMEM悬液。 结果与结论：造模后,4组大鼠心脏功能受损,收缩能力下降,治疗4周后心脏功能均有不同程度改善：与空白组比较,干细胞组、绿色荧光蛋白-干细胞组、TIMP-1-shRNA-干细胞组心脏收缩功能明显提高(P < 0.05),心肌梗死面积百分比明显缩小(P < 0.05),梗死区毛细血管密度明显增加(P < 0.05),且TIMP-1-shRNA-干细胞组改善程度优于干细胞组、绿色荧光蛋白-干细胞组(P < 0.05)。说明转染金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1基因的骨髓间充质干细胞移植能够明显改善损伤心肌功能,修复缺血性心肌病。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植心肌梗死大鼠的心功能

背景：前期研究发现移植的骨髓间充质干细胞能在受损心肌组织内存活和分化。 目的：进一步观察局部注射移植同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能的影响。 方法：体外培养的同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞达到一定数量(10⁶)后用BrdU标记。24只SD大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组未行冠状动脉前降支结扎,取骨髓间充质干细胞约1 mL直接注射到冠状动脉前降支心肌的周围;假移植组：在冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量DMEM培养液直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组：冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量骨髓间充质干细胞直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;分别于移植前、移植后5周测定大鼠心功能。 结果与结论：①移植后5周假移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均低于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压高于移植前(P < 0.01);移植后5周骨髓间充质干细胞移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率高于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压低于移植前(P < 0.01)。②移植后5周,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组大鼠的最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均高于假移植组(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压明显低于假移植组(P < 0.01)。结果可见骨髓间充质干细胞移植可明显改善心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能。     

构建人端粒酶反转录酶修饰的永生化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞株

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞具有取材方便、多向分化及低免疫原性等优点,是转基因细胞移植镇痛领域中的理想载体细胞,但由于骨髓中间充质干细胞含量有限、体外培养的复制性衰老等问题,制约其在镇痛研究中的应用。 目的：构建永生化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞株,为转基因细胞移植镇痛提供载体细胞来源。 方法：构建携带人端粒酶反转录酶基因的慢病毒pLV-Puro-EF1α-hTERT并转染第3代骨髓间充质干细胞后进行嘌呤霉素筛选,获得阳性细胞克隆并扩大培养,分别采用RT-PCR和TRAP法检测转染细胞人端粒酶反转录酶的表达和端粒酶活性,同时观察细胞形态、增殖和诱导分化能力、表面分子以及Nestin、MHC-Ⅰ和MHC-Ⅱ的表达,检测细胞染色体核型和致瘤性。 结果与结论：人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞可以体外连续培养超过30代。与未转染的细胞和对照病毒转染的细胞相比,慢病毒转染的骨髓间充质干细胞人端粒酶反转录酶mRNA表达、端粒酶活性以及细胞增殖能力均提高,细胞周期主要处于G2/M以及S期,增殖指数明显升高;细胞表面分子CD29、CD44、CD90表达阳性率大于70%,而CD34、CD45表达阳性率不足5%,胞浆Nestin的表达阳性,而MHC-Ⅰ和MHC-Ⅱ未见表达,保留了干细胞成骨、成脂、成神经的分化能力,细胞形态、染色体核型均正常,裸鼠接种无致瘤性。以上结果提示成功构建了人端粒酶反转录酶基因修饰的永生化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞株,为转基因细胞移植用于镇痛研究提供了生物学性状均一、稳定的安全载体细胞。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.