温敏性壳聚糖止血膜的止血作用及体内降解吸收

背景：尽管温敏性壳聚糖是壳聚糖的一种,但其止血效果、组织相容性及体内代谢吸收情况还需要验证。目的：探讨温敏性壳聚糖止血膜的止血作用、体内降解和组织相容性。方法：取SD大鼠48只,随机均分为4组,同时进行两种实验：①制作肝脏创面出血模型,其中3组分别采用温敏性壳聚糖止血膜、纤维素止血棉和明胶海绵止血材料贴敷大鼠肝创面止血,以不做任何处理的为空白对照。记录出血时间及出血量。②在上述3组大鼠的股四头肌内分别再植入对应的止血材料,空白对照组不植入任何材料。术后1,2,3,4,6周取两处创面行大体观察,术后4周行苏木精-伊红染色和电镜观察。结果与结论：温敏性壳聚糖组、纤维素组止血时间和出血量少于空白对照组、明胶海绵组(P < 0.05)。温敏性壳聚糖止血膜于术后6周完全降解,纤维素止血棉于术后3周完全降解,明胶海绵于术后2周完全降解。温敏性壳聚糖组肝小叶结构完整,肝细胞结构基本正常,肿胀轻,炎症细胞浸润程度轻,电镜显示整个肝细胞外形结构清楚,细胞核无破损,细胞器良好;肌肉纤维结构完整,炎症细胞浸润程度轻,电镜显示肌纤维走向整齐,肌细胞核形态正常,细胞器良好。可见温敏性壳聚糖止血膜具有较好的止血作用和组织相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

复合微孔多聚糖可减少髋关节置换中的出血

背景：国外动物实验和临床报道复合微孔多聚糖止血效果佳,无迟发性出血发生,并具有良好的组织相容性,对机体无不良反应。 目的：分析应用复合微孔多聚糖止血粉减少全髋人工关节置换后失血的疗效和安全性。 方法：选择因单侧股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换患者98例,其中男39例,女59例,年龄61-77岁,采用随机数字表法均分为2组,试验组在行生物型髋关节假体置换缝合伤口前,将复合微孔多聚糖1g直接喷涂在出血部位,放置引流管;对照组缝合前在出血部位仔细电凝止血,放置引流管。记录两组治疗前后血红蛋白水平、失血量、输血率、引流量、凝血指标及下肢深静脉血栓发生率。 结果与结论：试验组总失血量、引流量及输血率明显低于对照组(P < 0.01),两组治疗后24 h的D-二聚体、血小板计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间值及国际标准化比值比较差异均无显著性意义;两组各1例发生下肢深静脉血栓,下肢深静脉血栓率比较差异无显著性意义;两组均未发生浅表及深部感染现象。表明复合微孔多聚糖止血粉能明显减少单侧全髋关节置换的出血,并具有安全、高效、便捷的特点。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

微孔多聚糖止血球在全髋关节置换中的应用

背景：髋关节置换是目前骨科开展的较成熟手术,但暴露大,出血较多,临床需一种理想止血材料及方法来减少患者治疗过程中的出血。 目的：观察微孔多聚糖止血球在全髋关节置换中的止血作用。 方法：53例行全髋关节置换的患者随机分为观察组25例和对照组28例,对照组采用传统局部止血,观察组采用传统局部止血加微孔多聚糖止血球止血。比较两组在置换后引流量、置换后24 h输血量、置换前及置换后第1天复查血红蛋白降低值的区别。 结果与结论：观察组在置换后引流量、置换后24 h输血量、置换前及置换后第1天复查血红蛋白下降量等方面较对照组显著减少(P < 0. 05)。提示微孔多聚糖止血球在全髋关节置换中有较好止血效果。     

多微孔多聚糖止血粉应用于软组织创伤性出血

背景:前期实验以马铃薯为原料经交叉乳化制备了一种具有自主知识产权的专利产品多微孔多聚糖止血材料。目的:观察多微孔多聚糖止血粉应用于软组织创伤出血的止血效果。方法:在实验组1家兔腹部软组织制作1条长约3 cm、深约0.5 cm的创面,吸干出血创面后将多微孔多聚糖止血粉直接喷洒于创面,用量1.0-2.0 g,以吸干出血创面后不做任何处理的家兔为对照。在实验组2家兔腹部组织切割1条长约3 cm、深约1.0 cm的创面,吸干出血创面后将多微孔多聚糖止血粉均匀喷洒于创面,用量1.0-2.0 g,以吸干出血创面后不做任何处理的家兔为对照。结果与结论:多微孔多聚糖止血粉吸收血液中的水分,形成"糊状凝胶"止血痂黏附于出血创面表面达到止血效果。实验组1创面止血时间(15.25±1.04)s,实验组2创面止血时间(11.25±1.89)s,止血显效率为87.5%,有效率为100%;对照组创面止血时间大于5 min。喷洒多微孔多聚糖止血粉24 h苏木精-伊红染色显示,肌组织轻度水肿,小血管扩张,间质内可见少数散在中性粒细胞浸润;7 d时炎症消退,肌组织表面轻度纤维化、完全吸收,接近正常组织,肌细胞未见明显变化。以上结果表明多微孔多聚糖止血粉可用于软组织创伤止血。     

聚乙二醇对利福平-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物缓释微球性能的影响

背景：聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球具有良好的生物相容性,是优良的药物缓释载体,但缓释微球的突释问题严重影响了其临床应用。 目的：观察聚乙二醇对利福平-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物缓释微球特征、载药率、包封率、体外释放规律及突释的影响。 方法：以高分子材料聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物作为载体,采用复乳化-溶剂挥发法制备聚乙二醇-利福平-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物微球(实验组)和利福平-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物微球(对照组)。扫描电子显微镜观察两组聚合物缓释微球特征,高效液相色谱法检测两组微球在不同时段模拟体液中的利福平药物浓度及累计释放量,计算两组微球的载药量、包封率。 结果与结论：与对照组比较,实验组微球表面光滑、粒径减小、分散良好,包封率和载药量明显提高。实验组微球3 h内药物释放量最大,1 d左右药物释放趋于平稳稳定状态,1 d药物累计释放量小于20%;对照组微球3 h内药物释放量最大,约为实验组的1.5倍,1 d左右药物释放也趋于平稳状态。表明聚乙二醇可改善利福平-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物缓释微球的成球率,减小其粒径,增加其载药量和包封率,控制其突释现象。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

聚丙交酯/乙交酯胆道支架生物降解及与宿主的相容性

背景：胆道支架广泛应用于不同的胆道疾病的外科治疗中,但目前使用的胆道支架存在一定的缺陷。 目的：探讨聚丙交酯/乙交酯胆道支架的生物降解性和相容性。 方法：制备聚丙交酯/乙交酯胆道支架,浸入胆汁中,浸泡后1,2,3,4,5周,分别取8个实验支架干燥处理后置于扫描电镜下进行观察。于无菌条件下将实验支架植入大鼠皮下,分别于植入后1,2,3,4,5周,处死2只,将实验支架取出,观察支架外观及实验动物周围肌肉组织情况。观察不同时间的支架大体外观和电镜扫描情况,计算降解率,并了解实验动物肌肉埋植情况和支架情况。 结果与结论：植入后1周支架外形基本保持完整,但质地变软,之后逐渐出现表面粗糙并存在裂痕,支架管壁出现塌陷,植入后5周支架被完全降解。降解前,实验支架经扫描电镜观察呈现出清晰的三维立体网状结构,随着实验时间的不断延长,支架表面和截面腐蚀现象不断加重。经凝胶渗透色谱仪检测发现,植入后1周,支架相对分子质量出现迅速的下降现象,之后渐保持平缓下降状态。植入后2周检测,相对分子质量下降为15 000;植入后4周,支架质量损失约40%;所有实验动物均成活,未出现中毒和过敏以及热源反应等,手术伤口均良好愈合,未发生感染。经组织学观察,植入后5周,支架被完全降解,降解率为100%,周围肌肉组织恢复至正常状态。结果表明,聚丙交酯/乙交酯胆道支架具有良好的体外降解性以及生物相容性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

玻璃化冷冻保存组织工程肌腱植入大鼠体内的组织学变化

背景：应用玻璃化冷冻方法保存组织工程肌腱具有可行性和应用前景,有待进一步研究。 目的：探讨应用玻璃化冷冻保存组织工程肌腱体内植入对大鼠跟腱缺损修复的影响。 方法：选用成年SD大鼠64只,于大鼠跟腱中段制备5 mm肌腱缺损模型,随机摸球法均分为2组,分别植入玻璃化冷冻保存组织工程肌腱和新鲜非冷冻保存组织工程肌腱。植入后2,4,6,8周,观察植入肌腱材料及周围组织的大体形态和组织学变化。 结果与结论：两组肌腱材料体内植入后的大体形态和组织学反应无明显差异。植入后2,4周,植入的肌腱材料发生降解,材料中间及周围有大量炎性细胞浸润和纤维结缔组织增生。植入后6,8周,大量新生胶原纤维组织长入并替代降解的植入材料,形态和排列方式趋近于正常肌腱组织,大鼠跟腱缺损基本修复。结果表明玻璃化冷冻保存组织工程肌腱体内植入可修复大鼠跟腱缺损。     

微球化人脐带Wharton胶间充质干细胞移植裸鼠皮下构建异位软骨

背景：软骨细胞外基质具有众多的信号分子蛋白和因子,其成分和特性最接近天然软骨组织,因而其很可能是构建组织工程软骨的最理想原料。 目的：探讨海藻酸钙-软骨细胞外基质混合凝胶微球复合人脐带Wharton胶间充质干细胞在裸鼠皮下异位构建组织工程软骨的可行性。 方法：制备软骨细胞外基质微丝悬液,将人脐带Wharton胶间充质干细胞接种于海藻酸钙-软骨细胞外基质混合凝胶微球中体外培养后植入裸鼠背部皮下(实验组),以人脐带Wharton胶间充质干细胞混合于单纯藻酸盐凝胶微球作为对照组,于4周后取材进行大体和组织学苏木精-伊红、甲苯胺蓝、番红O及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化观察。 结果与结论：体外培养时微球中干细胞呈球形软骨细胞样形态,生长、增殖情况良好;实验组术后第4周取材可见外形呈类软骨样组织块,甲苯胺蓝、番红O及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性,镜下观察可见大量类软骨样细胞及类软骨陷窝样结构,植入的混合凝胶微球周围组织无明显炎症反应;对照组显示微球部分降解,周围仅有少量炎症细胞及淋巴细胞。结果可见海藻酸钙-软骨细胞外基质具有良好的组织相容性,复合干细胞形成的微球植入裸鼠皮下可以构建为类软骨样组织。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

注射用雌二醇聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球生物相容性研究

目的：以整体动物为研究对象，考察注射用雌二醇聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球动物体内的生物降解和生物相容性。方法：肌注给药，显微镜观察组织切片，研究空白PLGA微球及载雌二醇PLGA微球的生物降解和相容性。结果：28d内，微球从规则球形降解为不规则微小颗粒，组织学观察空白微球和载雌二醇微球均未见病理改变。结论：注射用雌二醇聚乳酸羟基乙酸缓释微球具有良好的生物降解和相容性。     

壳聚糖微球复合丝素基硫酸钙骨水泥的理化特性

背景：脊柱成形和脊柱后凸成形治疗中采用的硫酸钙骨水泥理化性质好,对人体无毒性作用,同时具有降解性能,但单独使用降解较快。 目的：研制具有载药缓释功能的壳聚糖微球丝素基硫酸钙骨水泥。 方法：采用三聚磷酸钠乳化交联法制备壳聚糖微球。采用浓度分别为3%,6%,9%的丝素溶液与CaSO₄•0.5H₂O混合,通过万能力学试验机确定骨水泥力学性能最佳时的丝素浓度,在此浓度下,按壳聚糖微球占CaSO₄•0.5H₂O的质量比分别为0.5%,1%,5%的比例制备壳聚糖微球丝素基硫酸钙骨水泥,测定其抗压强度,并通过X射线多晶衍射仪及傅里叶红外光谱明确达到最佳抗压强度组的骨水泥成分,电镜观察复合骨水泥中壳聚糖微球的形态。 结果与结论：当丝素溶液浓度为6%,壳聚糖微球含量为0.5%时,复合骨水泥的抗压强度最大,为  (39.17±1.96) MPa,此时复合骨水泥的初凝时间为(12.99±1.63) min,终凝时间为(21.55±0.54) min;骨水泥中主要晶相组成为硫酸钙,傅里叶红外光谱结果证实复合骨水泥中含有丝素及壳聚糖;复合骨水泥中的微球表面稍有皱缩,但球形仍然完整,未见明显破坏,可见在制备复合骨水泥的过程中微球能保持稳定而不被破坏。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

可吸收多糖微球的制备及生物相容性研究

采用淀粉为主要原料经乳化交联制备一种具有微孔结构的新型可降解止血材料。并根据GB/T16886医疗器械生物学评价标准规定的皮内反应试验、致敏试验、全身急性毒性试验和植入试验方法评价可吸收多糖微球的生物相容性,同时与进口微球作对比,以验证其安全性。试验结果显示无皮内反应、无致敏、无全身急性毒性、肌肉植入2周后未见固形物,无明显组织反应。可吸收多糖微球具有良好的生物相容性,符合临床使用要求。     

可溶性止血纱布对兔肝脏创伤的止血作用

BACKGROUND: Modified cellulose dressing as an important part of polysaccharide hemostatic material has its unique advantages compared with gelatin sponge and fibrin glue. OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemostatic effect and histocompatibility of medical gauze, absorbable hemostatic gauze and soluble hemostatic gauze.  METHODS: After establishment of liver trauma models, 36 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) depending on different hemostatic materials. Injury wounds were covered with soluble hemostatic gauze (mainly made of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, experimental group), absorbable hemostatic gauze (mainly made of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, control group) and medical gauze (normal group), respectively. The gauze was only taken out in the normal group. A hemostasis trial on liver injury was carried out to investigate the bleeding time and bleeding amount. After 1, 3, 7 and 10 days, wound healing was observed histologically in each group.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bleeding time and bleeding amount in the experimental and control groups were lower than those in the normal group (both P < 0.05), but no statistical difference was found between the experimental and control groups. After 1 day of implantation, the soluble hemostatic gauze was absorbed completely, and the absorbable hemostatic gauze was absorbed with no residual until the 10th day. Experimental and control groups shared similar pathological changes. In these two groups, mild fibrosis and fibrous scar appeared, a better improvement in wound inflammation was shown at 10 days compared with that at 7 days, and the wound gradually healed. In the normal group, there were no obvious lesions except mild tissue edema around the wound. All these findings suggest that the soluble hemostatic gauze has better hemostatic effect and histocompatibility.     

水溶性止血纺织材料植入兔肌肉的组织病理学研究

将６种止血纺织材料分别埋植兔脊柱两侧肉内，在埋植后７天、１４天、９０天进行了组织病理学研究。３种水溶性止血纺织材料在体内降解吸收较快，但有液化腔形成；３种水溶性止血纺织材料在体内降解吸收较慢，但在９０天也能被完全降解。Ｓ－１００系列材料相对反应较轻。     

In vitro and in vivo dissolution behavior of a dysprosium lithium borate glass designed for the radiation synovectomy treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Dysprosium lithium borate (DyLB) glass microspheres were investigated for use in the radiation synovectomy treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In vitro testing focused on weight loss and cation dissolution from glass microspheres immersed in simulated synovial fluid (SSF) at 37 degrees C for up to 64 days. In vivo testing was performed by injecting glass microspheres into the stifle joints of Sprague-Dawley rats and monitoring the biodegradability of the microspheres and the tissue response within the joints. The DyLB microspheres reacted nonuniformly in SSF with the majority of lithium and boron being dissolved, whereas nearly all of the dysprosium (>99.7%) remained in the reacted microspheres. Because the DyLB glasses released negligible amounts of dysprosium while reacting with SSF, they are considered safe for radiation synovectomy from the standpoint of unwanted radiation release from the joint capsule. Furthermore, the DyLB microspheres fragmented, degraded, and reacted with body fluids while in the joints of rats without histologic evidence of joint damage.     

人发角蛋白植入对大鼠脊髓损伤功能与形态的影响

目的：研究脊髓损伤后植入人发角蛋白（human hair keratin，HHK）对动物行为学影响及其对损伤脊髓的形态学影响与HHK本身的形态学变化。方法：采用重物下落撞击法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型，在损伤处移植入HHK，分别于植入后5、10、15、20、25、30d进行行为学检查，于20d与30d脊髓进行形态学观察。结果：HHK植入后在30d内对大鼠的行为学影响与模型对照组没有统计学意义，但HHK可降解吸收融入损伤的脊髓组织，而受损伤的脊髓组织中可见大量胶质细胞、成纤维细胞与巨噬细胞浸润、神经纤维与髓鞘朗革非氏细胞。结论：HHK可能在脊髓损伤后的修复与重建中起作用。     

地塞米松复合聚己内酯胶原支架材料的构建及性能评价

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering scaffold materials have been widely used in all kinds of tissue and nerve repair, but there are many limitations and the effect is not good. OBJECTIVE: To construct a kind of tissue engineering scaffold material for the regeneration and repair of spinal cord injury. METHODS: The dexamethasonemicrospheres were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation. The comprehensive scores of encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading rate and yield were taken as the indexes. The effect of dosage of dexamethasone and polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol on formulation process of dexamethasone sustained-release microsphere was inspected by orthogonal experiment. The characterization of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope. The nanofiber scaffold of compound dexamethasone microspheres was prepared by taking collagen protein and polycaprolactone as raw materials using electrospinning technology. The mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the scaffold for 3 days. Cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. Composite material was implanted into the defect of spinal cord in rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal preparation process of dexamethasone sustained-release microspheres: dosage of dexamethasone was 10 mg, dosage of poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer was 80%, mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol was 0.5%. Appearance of dexamethasone microspheres was smooth, with a round surface. The encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading rate and yield of microspheres were (2.26±0.03)%, (83.62±0.21)% and (90.87±2.45)% respectively. The growth of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was good on the surface of compound dexamethasone microspheres. There was no immunological reaction between the implant material and host, and the material was degraded gradually with time. These results demonstrate that the compound dexamethasone microsphere scaffold has good biocompatibility, which is a favorable kind of biological scaffold material.        

The influencing of blastogenesis and embryogenesis in rats through aminoacetonitrile]

The study was designed to determine the influence of the lathyrogenic substance aminoacetonitrile on blastogenesis and embryogenesis of the Wistar rat. 91 female Wistar rats, weighing from 190 through 380 g, received a single injection of 300 mg aminoacetonitrile (AAN)/kg body weight. Substance was given intraperitoneally on days 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13 of pregnancy. The detection of sperms in the vaginal smears was counted as day 1 post coitum. Animals were sacrificed on day 21 of pregnancy. The following parameters served as a base of interpretation: fetal body weight, numbers of implantations, resorptions, dead and living fetuses. Malformations were detected by outer inspection for gross anomalies, by the razor blade technique for internal malformations, and by skeletal preparations. All results were evaluated by statistical means. AAN influences pregnancy and fetal development. The rates of fetal resorptions are enhanced after application of AAN beyond the 7th day p. c. The maximum of fetal death is reached on day 11 p. c. There is no influence on the mean implantation number. With the exception of the 5th day of development AAN reduces the number of living fetuses. After application of AAN on day 13 p.c. the mean body weight decreases significantly. All over the investigated range malformations can be observed. Abnormalities of internal organs are frequent: Hydrocephalus, hydronephrosis, situs inversus. Malformations of the skeletal system are only observable on days 5, 7 and 9: sternal fissure, supernumerary ribs, destruction of the lumbar spine. AAN does not induce gross anomalies of the fetus.     

虫草多糖体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为类肝细胞样细胞

背景：如何促进骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞完全意义上的转化,以便更有效改善病变肝组织的结构和功能将成为未来相关研究的重中之重。 目的：探讨虫草多糖在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为类肝细胞样细胞的可行性。 方法：采用贴壁法培养Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,实验分3组对骨髓间充质干细胞进行诱导分化,虫草组培养液中加虫草多糖进行诱导,终末质量浓度为0.15 g/L;阳性对照组培养液中加肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子联合诱导,质量浓度分别为20 μg/L和10 μg/L;空白对照组仅用含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液。 结果与结论：分离纯化的骨髓间充质干细胞经流式细胞仪检测显示CD34阴性表达,CD44阳性表达。诱导分化7 d时虫草组及阳性对照组细胞出现甲胎蛋白表达,14 d时表达增强,28 d时表达减弱,阳性对照组甲胎蛋白阳性率高于虫草组;诱导分化7 d时阳性对照组细胞角蛋白18出现表达,14 d时表达增强,虫草组则在14 d时出现表达,而后持续。诱导分化7 d时虫草组及阳性对照组白蛋白表达阴性,14 d时出现阳性。诱导分化14 d时虫草组及阳性对照组细胞糖原染色阳性,28 d时表达减弱。空白对照组结果皆为阴性。结果可见虫草多糖可以在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为类肝细胞样细胞。