全膝关节置换后短期血栓预测:D-D二聚体与纤维蛋白降解产物的动态监测

背景:对于人工膝关节置换后的下肢深静脉血栓形成,近年来逐渐得到重视,然而在临床中究竟如何早期发现下肢深静脉血栓。是否每个置换后患者都需常规行下肢血管B超或者其他有创检查,成为一个关注点。目的:探讨D-D二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物在预测全膝关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓中的意义。方法:纳入2012年12月至2014年2月在解放军第306医院骨科行全膝关节置换的患者56例,动态监测置换前及置换后1,3,5,7,10 d的D-D二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物,置换后10 d行双下肢静脉彩超,根据B超结果分为血栓组与非血栓组。对比两组患者间D-D二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物的水平。结果与结论:56例患者中共有13例全膝关节置换后复查B超时发现血栓。D-D二聚体指标及纤维蛋白降解产物在置换后1周内血栓组与非血栓组差异均无显著性意义(P0.05),置换后10 d时,两组间差异有显著性意义(P0.01)。提示动态监测膝关节置换患者D-D二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物至置换后10 d,有助于早期发现血栓。     

复合骨折后下肢深静脉血栓形成Wells评分与D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物的预测

背景:文献报道各种对深静脉血栓形成的诊断方法,但是结合危险度预测评分系统及多种实验室指标对深静脉血栓形成的预测诊断率的提高尚不明确。目的:使用Wells评分系统并结合D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物提高诊断创伤后下肢深静脉血栓敏感性。方法:下肢骨折及脊柱骨折患者82例,排除患病前合并深静脉血栓形成高危因素的患者及曾患有深静脉血栓形成的患者。入院后检测患者D-二聚体、纤维蛋白酶原降解产物、纤维蛋白酶原、凝血酶原时间、部分活化凝血酶原时间、血小板计数、C-反应蛋白及血沉相关指标,并做彩色多普勒下肢超声检测。根据下肢深静脉栓塞评分表(Wells评分表)评分分为低危、中危及高危患者。结果与结论:彩色多普勒下肢超声检测深静脉血栓形成组30例;非深静脉血栓形成组52例,两组患者D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物的峰值差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。Wells评分低危患者13例、中危32例、高危37例,D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物对诊断深静脉血栓形成的诊断正确率:中危患者深静脉血栓形成阳性预测值为44.44%,而高危患者的深静脉血栓形成阳性预测值为70.97%。logistic回归分析显示Wells评分中危及高危组实验室指标与下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声检查结果均为正关联(P0.05)。结果表明Wells评分结合D-二聚体及纤维蛋白降解产物对预测创伤后下肢深静脉血栓的形成有临床意义。     

全膝关节置换过程中应用气囊止血带与高凝状态的关系

背景：大量研究表明在全膝关节置换过程中使用气囊止血带对患者的血流动力学影响较大,可导致高凝状态甚至深静脉血栓。 目的：观察全膝关节置换过程中应用止血带与高凝状态关系。 方法：39例全膝关节置换患者随机分为止血带组(n=20),非止血带组(n=19)。两组于术前、止血带组止血带放气后5 min及非止血带组术后均测定血液流变、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ。 结果与结论：两组术前各指标比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组红细胞变形指数TK、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ术后均较术前明显降低,红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物术后均较术前明显升高(P < 0.05)。止血带组红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降解产物较非止血带组明显升高,红细胞变形指数TK、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ较非止血带组明显降低(P < 0.05)。结果提示,全膝关节置换的创伤和止血带的使用均可导致高凝状态,但止血带可加重高凝状态,有下肢深静脉血栓形成倾向。     

髋部骨折患者术前下肢深静脉血栓发生率及高危因素

文题释义：髋部骨折：主要包括股骨颈骨折和股骨转子间骨折,患者常常需要行手术治疗。下肢深静脉血栓是髋部骨折患者围术期最常见的并发症之一,即使采用了低分子肝素等抗凝药物预防,下肢仍然常形成深静脉血栓。 深静脉血栓：是血液在深静脉内不正常的凝结,形成血栓,阻塞血管,导致血液回流受阻并且可引发静脉功能不全的一种疾病,深静脉血栓栓子脱落后流入肺动脉可导致肺栓塞以及下肢深静脉功能不全。 背景：髋部骨折患者围术期容易并发下肢深静脉血栓,但目前髋部骨折患者术前发生下肢深静脉血栓的研究较少,特别是对术前深静脉血栓形成的危险因素尚不明确。 目的：统计髋部骨折患者术前并发下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,探讨髋部骨折患者术前并发下肢深静脉血栓形成高危因素。 方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院收治的242例髋部骨折患者的病历资料,男99例,女143例,平均年龄69.1岁,其中股骨颈骨折189例,股骨转子间骨折53例。所有患者对治疗及试验方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。所有患者均无抗凝禁忌,入院后予以低分子肝素预防性抗凝。常规双下肢行血管彩超检查,根据结果分为下肢深静脉血栓组、下肢非深静脉血栓组(下肢伴有深静脉血栓形成时术前行下腔滤器置入)。对患者的年龄、性别、骨折类型(股骨颈骨折和股骨转子间骨折)、受伤至手术时间、实验室检查(红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、血红蛋白)、合并慢性疾病(高血压、糖尿病)等可能的血栓形成危险因素进行单因素分析,再采用多因素分析Logistic回归分析确定其独立危险因素。结果与结论：①242例髋部骨折患者中58例(24%)发生下肢深静脉血栓;②下肢深静脉血栓组与下肢非深静脉血栓组的性别、骨折类型、D-二聚体水平、纤维蛋白原水平、合并慢性疾病(高血压、糖尿病)相比差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);2组患者的年龄、受伤至手术时间、血红蛋白水平比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③多因素回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁,受伤至手术时间≥5 d是髋部骨折患者并发下肢深静脉血栓的独立危险因素;④说明髋部骨折患者即使在预防性抗凝药物治疗的情况下仍易发生深静脉血栓,其中高龄患者以及术前等待的时间长是其血栓形成的高危因素。 ORCID: 0000-0001-8379-9230(卫勇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

老年患者全麻下全髋置换术后下肢深静脉血栓发生情况及危险因素

目的探讨全麻下全髋置换的老年患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生情况及其危险因素。方法选取南京鼓楼医院和南京市浦口医院2015年1月至2018年6月在全麻下择期行全髋置换的老年患者共计398例为研究对象,在术后5～10 d行下肢彩超检查,观察其深静脉血栓的发生情况,对影响术后下肢深静脉血栓发生的危险因素分别进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 398例老年全髋置换患者中有136例出现术后下肢深静脉血栓,发生率为34. 17%; Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄大于70岁、体质指数大于25 kg/m~2、合并糖尿病、甘油三酯大于等于1. 7 mmol/L、D-二聚体大于等于500μg/L以及手术时间大于2 h等是导致老年患者全髋置换术后深静脉血栓发生的危险因素(OR1,P 0. 05),而不使用骨水泥、仅置换单侧及术后3 d内下床活动是避免老年患者全髋置换术后深静脉血栓发生的保护性因素(OR 1,P 0. 05)。结论老年、肥胖、合并糖尿病、甘油三酯大于等于1. 7 mmol/L、D-二聚体大于等于500μg/L及较长的手术时间与老年患者全麻下全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓的发生关系密切,应尽量避免双侧同时置换,鼓励患者术后早期下床活动,以降低老年患者全麻下全髋置换术后深静脉血栓的发生率。     

老年单侧全髋关节置换与下肢深静脉血栓形成(英文)

背景:下肢深静脉血栓形成是全髋关节置换患者围手术期严重的并发症,其发生率较高。目前尚不清楚原发病对老年全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响。目的:观察不同原发病对老年全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响。方法:选择单侧全髋关节置换患者147例,年龄64~93岁,根据原发病不同分为2组:骨折组68例,置换前经历了创伤,均为股骨颈骨折患者;骨病组79例,术前未经历过创伤。根据患者生理年龄、置换前社会活动能力、骨质情况、预期寿命等选择全髋假体,其中采用生物学假体5例,混合型假体12例,其他全部采用骨水泥型假体。对术后出现患肢肿胀和/或疼痛,下肢伴有或不伴有Homans征/Neuhofs征阳性的患者常规应用加压超声技术进行超声多谱勒检查。结果与结论:骨折组置换后32例出现患侧肢体肿胀,伴有疼痛者20例,出现Homans征/Neuhofs征15例,经超声多普勒检查证实29例下肢下肢深静脉血栓形成阳性;股骨颈骨折后行全髋关节置换1例,无下肢深静脉血栓形成临床症状,于置换后17d猝死,尸检证实为伤侧下肢混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成合并肺栓塞;骨病组置换后20例出现患侧肢体肿胀,伴有疼痛者11例,出现Homans征/Neuhofs征9例,经超声多普勒检查证实20例下肢深静脉血栓形成阳性。股骨颈骨折患者比骨病组患者具有更高的血液凝固状态,下肢深静脉血栓形成发生率更高(P0.05)。提示股骨颈骨折是老年全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成发生的高危因素。     

全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成的4项危险因素

背景：下肢深静脉血栓形成是人工全髋关节置换常见的也是危险性较大的并发症,如果不能提前预防,会造成严重后果,故在临床中需要对下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素进行评估。 目的：评估人工全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床危险因素。 方法：对2010年1月至2013年2月在北京大学深圳医院骨关节科行人工全髋关节置换的162例患者资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均在置换前、置换后第3天和第7天进行双下肢深静脉彩超检查。采用Logistic回归分析统计法分析全髋关节置换患者下肢深静脉血栓发生的危险因素。 结果与结论：入选Logistic回归模型的因素为骨水泥假体、年龄分布、体质量指数、全身麻醉,它们的OR值分别是9.215,11.247,3.842,4.825,是下肢深静脉血栓发生的危险因素。提示骨水泥假体的使用、高龄、体质量指数大于25 kg/m2及全身麻醉均是全髋关节置换后发生下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素,应引起临床重视,积极采取对应措施。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

高龄老人髋关节置换的高危因素:128例特征

背景:髋关节置换后的临床并发症深静脉血栓具有较高的发生率,并且深静脉血栓能够导致危及患者生命安全的肺栓塞以及远端深静脉的功能障碍,因此深静脉血栓出现对于逐渐增多的髋关节置换是一个极大的障碍。目的:观察老年患者全髋关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓的发生情况,筛选下肢出现深静脉血栓的危险因素。方法:对128例髋关节置换老年患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,全部患者在置换前1 d及置换后的第7天分别进行双下肢的彩超检查,将患者下肢是否发生深静脉血栓与临床的可疑因素予以Logistic非条件多因素分析。结果与结论:在置换后的第7天出现下肢深静脉血栓患者共16例,其中女性、全身麻醉、双侧髋关节置换、骨水泥的应用为下肢深静脉血栓出现的显著因素,其P值0.05,能够导致70岁以上老年患者在实施全髋关节置换后出现深静脉血栓的风险呈显著性增加。Logistic非条件多因素的分析中显示性别、肥胖、骨水泥的使用3个因素在老年患者中深静脉血栓出现的风险倍数依次增加达11.398,3.109,8.925;患者血型为O型的70岁以上老年患者在实施全髋关节置换后出现深静脉血栓的风险则显著降低,在置换后出现深静脉血栓降低至0.186倍,能够被作为出现深静脉血栓的一项保护性因素。     

髋关节置换后应用利伐沙班预防深静脉血栓疗效及安全性分析

背景：利伐沙班作为新型口服抗凝药物,在髋关节置换后预防下肢深静脉血栓疗效方面已得到广大学者研究证实。国外文献指出将疗程延长至35 d可更明显降低深静脉血栓发生率,在国内研究尚未明显结论,且延长疗程后药物安全性是否可靠仍未证实。 目的：比较利伐沙班与低分子肝素在髋关节置换后预防深静脉血栓的疗效及利伐沙班疗程用药安全性。 方法：选择2011年3月至2012年9月在山西医科大学第二临床医学院行初次单侧髋关节置换患者106例,随机等分为利伐沙班组和低分子肝素组,2组均在置换后6 h给药,利伐沙班组10 mg/d,疗程为5周;低分子肝素组4 100 U/d,疗程为2周。 结果与结论：利伐沙班组单侧髋关节置换患者置换后复查及随访均未发生深静脉血栓并且未发现深静脉血栓症状者,低分子肝素组单侧髋关节置换患者发现深静脉血栓7例(13%),2组深静脉血栓发生率差异有显著性意义(P< 0.05)。2组单侧髋关节置换患者置换前后静脉血血红蛋白水平、血小板水平、凝血功能,以及置换后引流量和皮下瘀斑面积的差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示髋关节置换后足疗程应用利伐沙班在预防深静脉血栓中具有明确的疗效,且足疗程应用利伐沙班有可靠的安全性。     

人工髋关节置换后深静脉血栓形成影响因素的回顾分析☆

背景：目前尚缺少严格遵照《中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》进行血栓预防的大宗人工髋关节置换后深静脉血栓栓塞症发生情况的报道。 目的：调查人工髋关节置换患者在进行规范预防性抗凝治疗后下肢深静脉血栓的发生情况。 方法：纳入2005-01/2010-07于北京协和医院骨科接受人工髋关节置换的患者,对置换后出现下肢深静脉血栓形成者进行回顾性分析,包括高危因素、预防措施、症状特点、治疗方案及转归。 结果与结论：共纳入670例人工髋关节置换患者,其中16例发生下肢深静脉血栓,11例为人工股骨头置换患者,5例为单侧全髋关节置换患者。诊断分布为股骨颈骨折14例,股骨头无菌性坏死1例,血友病性关节炎1例。其合并症1~4个,包括高血压、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、慢性肾功能不全等。围手术期皆应用规范物理、药物疗法预防下肢深静脉血栓形成。14例表现为下肢肿胀、疼痛;2例以肺栓塞为首发症状。多数预后良好;1例死于与下肢深静脉血栓形成无关的肺部感染,1例抗凝治疗后并发脑出血导致植物生存状态。提示进行规范预防治疗可以降低下肢深静脉血栓形成发生率,但仍不能完全杜绝其发生。髋部骨折、长期卧床、高龄、代谢性内科疾病仍是下肢深静脉血栓形成的高危因素。     

Phasic registration of venous diameter changes in-situ with the induction angiometer

The method of induction angiometry has been used for observation of active and passive venous vasomotion, without surgical exposure of the blood vessel. The diameter sensor is a resilient loop introduced into the vasculature through a fine No. 5 French (1 mm i. d.) angiographic catheter or a needle of comparable internal diameter. An extracorporeal a. c. magnet induces an electromotive force (e. m. f.) in the loop which acts as the secondary of a transformer, the electromagnet being the primary. Pulsations in the blood vessel diameter vary the loop area and with it the induced e.m.f. thus providing a linear measure of relative changes in vascular diameter. Changes in the order of 2 micra in a venous diameter of 5 mm can be resolved in-situ. Examples are given of registration of phasic venous diameter changes at the frequencies of the heart beat, respiration and Mayer waves. Pharmacological tests illustrate the ability to detect venous vasomotion in response to a dose below 0.1 g/kg of nitroglycerin in dogs.This work has been supported in part by Grant HL 17591 of USPHS. The authors are indebted to Medical Testing Systems, Inc., and to Mr. J. R. Steele and Dr. J. S. Imai for loan of equipment.     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

血管镜直视下股浅静脉多瓣膜壁外修复成形术

利用血管镜直视的先进性能，在成功设计和旅行了单瓣膜修复成形术的基础上，作者又进一步成功地施行了血管镜直视下股浅静脉多瓣膜壁外修复成形术，经２０例２４条下肢６１对瓣膜手术的初步临床应用，证明该手术优于传统的单瓣膜修复成形术，其优点具体体现为“壁外”和“多瓣膜”。“壁外”即指不切开静脉壁即可修复瓣膜，从而避免了瓣膜损伤和继发血栓形成。“多瓣膜”即指一次手术可同时修复两对以上瓣膜，以完善的多瓣膜的整合力     

Changes of peripheral venous tone and central transmural venous pressure during immersion in a thermo-neutral bath

Summary Peripheral venous tone, central venous and oesophageal pressures were recorded while the upright sitting subjects were immersed to the neck in a thermoneutral water bath. The central venous pressure rose from 3.4 to 15.2 mm Hg and the oesophageal pressure from –0.4 to +3.4 mm Hg. The transmural pressure, which determines the enddiastolic volume of the heart, increased by 8.0 mm Hg. Plethysmographic determinations of peripheral venous tone revealed a relaxation of the peripheral veins: after a quick initial decrease of the volume elasticity coefficient (E₁₅) from 16.6 to 13.5 mm Hg/ml/100 g tissue there is a continuous decline to 11.8 mm Hg/ml/100 g tissue after 3 hrs immersion. This relaxation persists for at least 1 hr after termination of immersion.This work was supported by Contract No. F44620-71-C-0117 of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (OAR), European Office of Aerospace Research.with the technical assistance of H. Dannenberg     

Continuous measurement of venous diameter by a combined photoelectric-photographic and plethysmographic technique

Summary The combined photoelectric-photographic and plethysmographic technique allows for the investigation of the distensibility characteristics and pharmacological influence on the capacitance vessels in an uniform vascular bed (skin veins of the isolated rabbit ear). Diameter changes of a vein segment are recorded continuously by means of a photoresistor and are photographed for calibration. Volume changes of the tissue are measured by a water filled plethysmograph and can be compared with diameter changes of the selected vein segment. The method allows for better interpretation of the results obtained by the plethysmographic technique. In particular, it is possible to distinguish between outward filtration and stress-relaxation.This research was supported by Contract, F 44620-71-C-0117 of the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, European Office of Aerospace Research (OAR) United States Air Force and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Systemic filling pressure in the intact circulation determined with a slow inflation procedure

In eight mechanically ventilated, anaesthetized pigs weighing 10.3 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± SD) we studied the effect of the inflation time of the lung on the estimation of the mean systemic filling pressure (P _sf) from the changes in venous return and central venous pressure during inflation of the lung. For this purpose we applied slow inflation procedures (SIP) to the lung with inflation times of 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6 and 12 s at tidal volumes (V _T) of 15 and 30 ml/kg. The data were compared with the values of P _sf obtained from inspiratory pause procedures (IPPs). A linear regression between venous return and central venous pressure applied during a SIP underestimated P _sf compared with the value obtained with IPPs. An exponential fit through the values of P _sf obtained from the different SIPs predicted an inflation time of about 15 s for an estimation of P _sf that is not different from the P _sf (IPP). The advantage of the SIP method is that the P _sf can be determined much faster than with the method based on IPPs. However, due to the rather long inflation time needed, the method may be only applicable under circumstances where neurohumoral control mechanisms are suppressed as during intensive care and anaesthesia. Received: 18 July 1995/Received after revision: 22 November 1995 /Accepted: 15 December 1995     

The effect of bed rest and an exercise countermeasure on leg venous function

This study was performed to assess the effect of resistive vibration exercise during bed rest deconditioning on venous vascular dimension and function, as measured with ultrasound in the popliteal vein. Sixteen men were assigned to bed rest (BR-Ctrl) or bed rest with resistive vibration exercise (BR-RVE). Before and at 25 and 52 days of bed rest, popliteal vein diameter was measured at increasing cuff pressures. Venous capacitance and compliance were calculated from the pressure–volume curve. After 52 days of bed rest, BR-Ctrl showed no change in baseline popliteal vein diameter or compliance, while venous capacitance decreased. Resistive vibration exercise had no effect on the response in venous diameter, capacitance or compliance to 52 days of bed rest. The decline in venous capacitance due to long-term bed rest is not effectively counteracted by resistive vibration exercise, indicating that an alternative factor during bed rest deconditioning is responsible for venous changes.     

先天性肺淋巴管扩张症

介绍６例少见先天性畸形——肺淋巴管扩张症。肺的特征性改变为肺呈蜂窝状，肺膜下、肺小叶间隔内、支气管周围和血管周围结缔组织内淋巴管极度扩大。其壁很薄，仅以内皮细胞围成。扩张的淋巴管可能由于先天性发育缺陷或由于淋巴管主干梗阻，但仅表现于肺静脉高压时。     

Little impact of antiplatelet agents on venous thromboembolism after hip fracture surgery

Since the late 1980s, low dose aspirin has been used to prevent stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, prophylactic effect of antiplatelets against venous thromboembolism (VTE), in patients who undergo hip fracture surgery (HFS) is controversial. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of symptomatic VTE after HFS and to evaluate whether antiplatelets reduce the development of symptomatic VTE following HFS. We retrospectively reviewed 858 HFS in 824 consecutive patients which were performed from May 2003 to April 2010 at an East Asian institute. We compared the incidence of symptomatic VTE in antiplatelet users and non-users using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Overall incidences of symptomatic pulmonary embolism including fatal pulmonary embolism, and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis in this study were 2.4% (21/858), and 3.5% (30/858), respectively. The incidence of symptomatic VTE was 4.8% (12/250) in antiplatelet users and 4.3% (26/608) in non-users (P = 0.718). It is suggested that antiplatelet agents are not effective in prevention of symptomatic VTE after HFS.     

平阳霉素和地塞米松联合治疗海绵状血管畸形

目的:探讨平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗海绵状血管畸形的临床疗效.方法:经皮一点直接穿刺并注入平阳霉素和地塞米松至扩张静脉血窦内治疗海绵状血管畸形42例,其中治疗1次12例,2次21例,3次9例.结果:36例(85.71%)治愈,6例(14.29%)明显好转.除注射局部暂时肿胀外,无其他不良反应.随访6～10个月的,无复发或加重.结论:平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗海绵状血管畸形是一种简便、有效、可行的方法.