海马胆碱能刺激肽促进神经干细胞向神经元分化

目的探讨海马胆碱能刺激肽(HCNP)在神经干细胞向神经元分化过程中所起的作用。方法切割SD大鼠右侧穹窿海马伞,14天后取切割穹窿海马伞侧海马制成海马提取液;将神经干细胞接种于24孔板中,分为HCNP与海马提取液联合培养组、HCNP组以及空白对照组,每组八孔;细胞分化至14天时行Tuj-1、MAP-2免疫荧光检测;计数Tuj-1、MAP-2阳性神经元数及细胞周长,并观察胞体大小和突起长度。结果联合培养组Tuj-1、MAP-2阳性神经元最多,胞体大,突起长;HCNP组神经元数量较前组少,胞体较小,突起数量和长度均小于前组;对照组则仅有少量胞体小、突起短的神经元。HCNP与切割穹窿海马伞侧海马提取液联合培养组神经元成熟度优于其它两组。结论 HCNP对神经干细胞向神经元的分化具有明显促进作用。     

HCNP与海马提取液对神经干细胞向胆碱能神经元分化的协同作用

目的:探讨海马胆碱能神经元刺激肽(hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide,HCNP)与海马提取液对海马神经干细胞向神经元及胆碱能神经元分化的协同作用。方法:取孕17 d SD大鼠海马组织进行神经干细胞的培养、增殖、传代,并将其接种于2块24孔板中,培养基中均含B27、微量脑源性神经营养因子(BD-NF),将培养孔分为6组:H+T组,加入HCNP和切割穹窿海马伞侧海马提取液;H+N组,加入HCNP和正常侧海马提取液;H组,加入HCNP;T组,加入切割穹窿海马伞侧海马提取液;N组,加入正常侧海马提取液;对照组,不加HCNP和海马提取液。分化14 d后行MAP-2/ChAT免疫荧光双标检测。结果:与其它各组相比,H+T组分化的MAP-2阳性神经元最多,ChAT/MAP-2双标阳性神经元占MAP-2阳性神经元的比例最高(P<0.05);与N组相比,H+N组MAP-2阳性神经元较多,ChAT/MAP-2双标阳性神经元占MAP-2阳性神经元的比例也较高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,H组T组均可见一定数量的MAP-2阳性神经元及ChAT/MAP-2双标阳性神经元(P<0.05);N组以及对照组中MAP-2阳性神经元的数量和ChAT/MAP-2双标阳性神经元占MAP-2阳性神经元的比例则最低。结论:在微量BDNF存在的情况下,HCNP可促进海马神经干细胞向神经元和胆碱能神经元分化,切割侧海马提取液与HCNP可发挥协同作用。     

血管性痴呆大鼠记忆障碍与海马神经型一氧化氮合酶表达的关系

目的：探讨NO参与血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍的作用机制。方法：要用4－血管阻断的方法建立大鼠血管性痴呆模型,以免疫组化法检测海马神经型一氧化氮合酶蛋白表达的变化;以Nissl染色方法,结合图象分析统计海马神经元丢失比率,同时采用Y－型迷宫,进行行为学检测,定量测定其学习记忆成绩,结果：在血管性痴呆大鼠空间分辨学习记忆能力发生严重障碍时,海马CA1区神经元丢失比率较正常对照组增高,神经型一氧化氮合酶蛋白表达增加。结论：神经型一氧化氮合酶可能引起海马CA1区神经元凋亡或坏死增加,海马神经元受损,导致血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马Ng及其磷酸化水平的动态变化

目的:观察血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠海马神经颗粒素(Ng)及其磷酸化水平的动态变化,探讨Ng在VD学习记忆功能障碍中的作用及其机制。方法:采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭再灌注同时腹腔注射硝普纳建立血管性痴呆模型,在15d,1,2,4个月等时间点,采用Morris水迷宫和免疫荧光方法分别观察大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马Ng及其磷酸化水平的变化。结果:模型组大鼠各时间点的逃逸潜伏期(EL)比假手术组均明显延长(P0.01);海马CA1区Ng及其磷酸化Ng免疫阳性神经细胞数表达较假手术组明显减少(P0.01,P0.05),而且随造模手术后时间的延长,以上变化逐渐加重。齿状回仅在2个月和4个月时间点的免疫阳性神经细胞数比假手术组显著减少(P0.01,P0.05)。结论:模型组大鼠的空间学习记忆功能障碍可能与海马(特别是CA1区)的Ng及其磷酸化Ng表达水平持续降低有关。     

皮下注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经干细胞的增殖

BACKGROUND:As a neurotrophic factor, basic fibroblast growth factors extensively distribute in the central nervous system, and play an important physiological role by combination with their relative receptors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factors on the learning ability and proliferation of nestin-positive hippocampal neural stem cells in rats with vascular dementia. METHODS:Totally 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into vascular dementia, sham operation and treatment groups. The vascular dementia and treatment groups were for preparing vascular dementia model, and the treatment group was given subcutaneous injection of basic fibroblast growth factors. Subsequently, at 4 weeks, the learning ability of rats and the number of nestin-positive hippocampal neural stem cells was detected by the Morris water maze test and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the vascular dementia group the latency period was significantly shorter in the sham operation and treatment groups, and the number of times crossing the target quadrant was significantly higher in the sham operation and treatment groups (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the sham operation and treatment groups (P > 0.05). Under fluorescence microscope, yellow-green fluorescence stained neurons positive for basic fibroblast growth factor could be found in the CA1, CA2 and CA3 of the treatment group. Additionally, the number of nestin-positive neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was the most in the treatment group, followed by the sham operation group, and the least in the vascular dementia group. These results suggest that the subcutaneous injection of basic fibroblast growth factors can migrate to the hippocampus, , and improve the learning ability of rats by inducing proliferation of nestin-positive hippocampal neural stem cells.     

复智胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠炎性因子、胆碱能系统的时效性影响

<正>目的:观察复智胶囊对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆及不同时段海马乙酰胆碱转移酶(CHAT)表达、乙酰胆碱脂酶(AchE)活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)的影响。     

神经干细胞移植对老年痴呆模型鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元和学习记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨神经干细胞移植对老年性痴呆模型鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元及学习记忆能力的影响.方法:利用无血清培养技术获得新生SD鼠的基底前脑神经干细胞,切断SD大鼠左侧穹隆海马伞,基底前脑注射神经干细胞.4周后行Y迷宫测试学习记忆能力,免疫组化结合图像分析技术观察各组大鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元变化.结果:损伤组损伤侧的内侧隔核(MS)和斜角带核(VDB)的NGFR阳性神经元大量减少,分别减少59.7%和5 1.4%.NSC移植组损伤侧的NGFR阳性神经元得到补充和保护,MS和VDB细胞数分别下降22.0%和26.1%.同时,NSC移植组损伤侧MS的NGFR阳性神经元的面积、周长显著增大(P＜0.01),灰度显著增加(P＜0.01);损伤侧VDB的NGFR阳性神经元的面积明显增大且灰度明显增加(P＜0.05),周长显著增大(P＜0.01).Y迷宫测试结果显示,NSC移植组大鼠的空间学习能力得到明显改善(P＜0.05),记忆能力得到显著提高(P＜0.01),基底前脑NGFR阳性细胞数与大鼠的空间学习记忆能力呈正相关.结论:神经干细胞移植对老年性痴呆模型鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元有明显的补充和保护作用,同时大鼠的学习记忆能力得到明显的改善.     

神经生长因子诱导神经干细胞向胆碱能神经元的分化

为了探讨神经生长因子(NGF)是否具有诱导神经干细胞(NSCs)向胆碱能神经元分化的能力,利用无血清培养技术从胎鼠脑内获得神经干细胞,传代纯化后利用免疫细胞化学技术,观察不同剂量NGF作用后神经干细胞向胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)阳性细胞分化的情况。结果发现:50、100、200ng/ml NGF组ChAT阳性细胞数明显比对照组增加,且以100ng/ml组最为明显;各NGF组,分化的细胞状态较好,且突起明显比对照组增粗增长,以200ng/ml组最为明显。此结果证明NGF具有诱导NSCs向胆碱能神经元分化的趋势,且能促进分化细胞突起的生长。     

基底前脑神经元移植互海马后ChAT,NGFR和NOS的表达变化

为了比较基底前脑神经元移植至海马后胆碱乙酰转移酶,神经生长因子受体和一氧化氮合酶神经元的变化规律,选用雄性SD大鼠35只,在单侧穹隆海马伞损伤后一周,将胚胎基底前脑神经元植入损伤侧海马。在移植术后存活5d,7d,14d,30d,60d,90d,和180d共分为7个时间组灌注取材,进行ChAT和NGFR的免疫组织化学反应及NOS反应,观察其神经元的变化。结果证明,ChAT神经元在移植后30d方出现阳性反应;NGFR神经元在移植后7d可见淡染的胞体,随后逐渐增强;NOS神经元在移植后7d时呈明显的阳性反应,而且数量多,三种神经元直到180d时均尚呈阳性反应,提示移植物内NOS神经元出现早且数量多,NGFR神经元出现的也较早,ChAT神经元出现最晚。这三种物质在细胞内出现的时间和数量差异与它们在细胞内发挥的功能有关。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触结构参数的变化

目的 :观察血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触结构特点 ,探讨血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍的神经病理机制。方法 :采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉的方法建立血管性痴呆动物模型 ,利用Morris水迷宫和Y型电迷宫检验大鼠的学习记忆能力 ,应用透射电镜和形态计量学分析血管性痴呆大鼠海马GrayⅠ型突触的突触结构参数的变化。结果 :血管性痴呆大鼠海马CA1区GrayⅠ型突触的体积密度、面积密度、比表面和面数密度均减小 ,突触平均面积增大 ;突触界面曲率、突触间隙宽度、突触后致密物厚度均减小。结论 :永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉使大鼠海马CA1区GrayⅠ型突触数量减少和形态结构发生显著变化 ,导致学习记忆障碍     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的影响

背景：研究发现,粒细胞集落刺激因子可激活脑内成体神经干细胞,刺激其增殖和分化,还能促进脑内各种神经营养因子分泌,减小脑缺血动物模型的缺血灶,促进慢性脑卒中模型缺失神经功能的长期恢复。 目的：观察粒细胞集落刺激因子对血管性痴呆大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的作用。 方法：采用永久性双侧颈总动脉结扎法建立大鼠血管性痴呆模型,抽签法随机分为4组：实验组(皮下注射粒细胞集落刺激因子干预治疗)、对照组(注射生理盐水)、假手术组(仅行颈前正中切开,不结扎颈总动脉)。采用Morris水迷宫进行定向航行观察大鼠逃避潜伏期,评价大鼠空间学习记忆能力,TUNEL染色和图像分析大鼠海马神经细胞的凋亡。 结果与结论：对照组和实验组大鼠脑缺血后7 d,大鼠平均逃避潜伏期较假手术组明显延长(P < 0.01),海马组织TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞较假手术组显著增高(P < 0.01),随着时间的延长,14,28 d时大鼠学习记忆功能障碍逐渐加重,相应海马组织TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞逐渐增加。14,28 d时实验组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期比对照组明显缩短,海马组织TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞也较对照组显著减少。说明脑缺血后早期给予外源性粒细胞集落刺激因子有助于减少海马组织神经细胞的凋亡,改善大鼠学习记忆能力。     

神经干细胞移植对痴呆大鼠记忆功能及海马组织氧化应激的影响

目的 研究神经干细胞移植对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-40)所致痴呆大鼠记忆功能及海马组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的影响.方法 取新生大鼠脑皮质进行神经干细胞的分离、培养、鉴定,传代培养2-3代;选取30只健康SD大鼠随机分为3组,10只,组.对照组:侧脑室注入蒸馏水5μl;模型组:侧脑室注入Aβ1-40 ...     

Human neural stem cell-derived cholinergic neurons innervate muscle in motoneuron deficient adult rats

Motoneuron damage occurs in spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Current advances offer hope that human embryonic stem cells [Science 282 (1998) 1145] or neural stem cells (NSC) [Exp Neurol 161 (2000) 67; Exp Neurol 158 (1999) 265; J Neurosci Methods 85 (1998) 141; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 (2000) 14720; Exp Neurol 156 (1999) 156 ] may be donors to replace lost motoneurons. Previously, we developed a priming procedure that produced cholinergic cells that resemble motoneurons from human NSCs grafted into adult rat spinal cord [Nat Neurosci 5 (2002a) 1271]. However, effective replacement therapy will ultimately rely on successful connection of new motoneurons with their muscle targets. In this study, we examined the potential of human fetal NSC transplantation to replace lost motoneurons in an animal model of chronic motoneuron deficiency (newborn sciatic axotomy) [J Comp Neurol 224 (1984) 252; J Neurobiol 23 (1992) 1231]. We found, for the first time, that human neural stem cell-derived motoneurons send axons that pass through ventral root and sciatic nerve to form neuromuscular junctions with their peripheral muscle targets. Furthermore, this new cholinergic innervation correlates with partial improvement of motor function.     

异氟醚抑制海马神经干细胞增殖并可促其向神经元分化

BACKGROUND: Isoflurane cannot only induce a wide range of large neuronal apoptosis, but also inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis in neonatal rats, thereby resulting in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory defects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isoflurane effect on proliferation and differentiation of the hippocampal neural stem cells.METHODS: Twenty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into air group and isoflurane group (n=13 per group). Rats in the isoflurane group were subjected to 2.5% isoflurane inhalation for 3 minutes followed by 1.5% isoflurane inhalation for 4 hours. Rats in the air group only breathed in air. After the intervention, blood glucose and arterial blood gas changes were detected in the two groups. Additionally, rats in the two groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine before and after intervention. At 24 hours after the last injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, brain tissues were taken to make frozen sections for immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant difference in pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂, HCO₃, BE and SaO₂ levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the air group, the number of BrdU⁺ cells was significantly less in the isoflurane group (P < 0.05), while the number of NeuroD⁺/BrdU⁺ cells was significantly higher in the isoflurane group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 23% in the isoflurane group, which was significantly higher than that in the air group (7.7%; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that isoflurane can inhibit the proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and promote their differentiation into neurons.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马超微结构的变化及药物干预

目的：探讨血管性痴呆病理机制及黄精口服液的作用机制。方法：结扎双侧颈总动脉建立血管性痴呆模型,黄精口服液灌胃,应用透射电镜观测神经细胞、胶质细胞、微血管病理变化和突触结构参数的变化。结果：血管性痴呆大鼠海马CAI区神经组织线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂、模糊或消失,微管断裂、排列紊乱,神经毡中突起肿胀、变性,突触结构参数明显改变;毛细血管内皮细胞局部基膜和星形胶质细胞也有病理改变。黄精口服液干预的大鼠海马组织病理变化明显减轻;海马CAI突触界面曲率增大、突触后致密物增厚、突触活性区增长。结论：(1)突触结构变化是血管性痴呆的病理机制之一;(2)黄精口服液促进突触重建、改善血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力。     

依达拉奉对血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触可塑性的影响

目的：探讨依达拉奉(edaravone,Eda)对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠海马CA1区神经元突触可塑性的调节作用及分子机制。方法：成年雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组：假手术组、VD组、VD+Eda组,每组10只。应用Morris水迷宫(Morris water maze,MWM)测试各组大鼠的空间认知功能。MWM后,分别记录每只大鼠海马CA1区神经元长时程增强(long-term potentiation, LTP)并进行分析比较;电生理记录后,大鼠断头取脑,制备脑冰冻切片,免疫组织化学测定海马CA1区神经生长相关蛋白-43(GAP-43)的表达情况。结果：VD组大鼠有明显的空间认知障碍;Eda治疗后,VD+Eda组大鼠的空间认知障碍得到显著改善。VD+Eda组兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential,EPSP)斜率增加百分比显著高于VD组(P<0.05)。VD组GAP-43的表达量显著低于假手术组(P<0.01),VD+Eda组GAP-43的表达量显著高于VD组(P<0.05)。结论：依达拉奉可通过提高VD大鼠海马CA1区的突触可塑性改善空间认知障碍,其机制与依达拉奉上调VD大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43的表达有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗老年性痴呆模型大鼠的行为学检测

BACKGROUND:More recently, studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be induced in vitro to differentiate into neuron-like cells that are used for in vivo transplantation to repair nerve damage. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on learning and memory ability of senile dementia rats. METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, stem cell therapy group and model control group. Rats in the latter two groups were used to establish animal models of senile dementia by intracranial injection of β-amyloid 1-40. Three weeks after modeling, rats were given bilateral hippocampal injection of induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension in the stem cell therapy group, whereas no treatment was given in the normal control and model control groups. Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory ability of rats, and rat’s brain tissues were detected pathologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, the escape latency was higher and the cross-platform frequency was lower in the model control group compared with the normal control group. After cell transplantation, the escape latency and cross-platform frequency were gradually shortened and increased with time, respectively. Compared with the model control group, the learning and memory abilities of rats were improved in the stem cell therapy group. The brain tissues were relatively intact in structure and exhibited less cell degeneration and necrosis in the stem cell therapy group compared with the model control group. To conclude, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exerts certain therapeutic effects on senile dementia by effectively improving the learning and memory ability.     

银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触素表达的影响

目的：研究银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对血管性痴呆模型大鼠海马突触素表达的影响。方法:以双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭再通同时腹腔注射硝普钠建立血管性痴呆模型大鼠，采用Morris 水迷宫和免疫组化方法分别观察大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马突触素(SYN)表达情况。结果:模型组大鼠在1月、2月和4月不同时点测得的Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期(EL)均较假手术组明显延长(P<0.01)，药物组EL均显著短于模型组，但仍长于假手术组(P<0.05或P<0.01)；模型组海马SYN表达弱于假手术组，而药物组海马SYN表达高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:EGb761增加海马结构SYN表达可能是其改善VD大鼠学习记忆障碍的重要机制。