Notice:Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry soon to be renamed General Psychiatry

正Shanghai Mental Health Center will publish its last issue of the journal Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry,2018 volume 30 issue 3,on 30~(th) June 2018.The postal code is 4-798.The journal will be renamed General Psychiatry and presented to the readers as issue 4 on 30th August 2018.Changing the name of the journal is a magnificent make-over.We aim to publish a high quality     

Associations between dimensions of religious commitment and mental health reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry: 1978-1989.

The authors assessed all measures of religious commitment (N = 139) reported in research studies published in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry in 1978 through 1989 (N less than 35). For nearly two-thirds of the measures, the studies either made no hypotheses or reported no results concerning the relationship of religious commitment to mental health status. For the great majority of the measures assessed, the studies reported a positive relationship between religious commitment and mental health.     

Move over LOCF: principled methods for handling missing data in sleep disorder trials

Missing data, e.g. patient attrition, are endemic in sleep disorder clinical trials. Common approaches for dealing with this situation include complete-case analysis (CCA) and last observation carried forward (LOCF). Although these methods are simple to implement, they are deeply flawed in that they may introduce bias and underestimate uncertainty, leading to erroneous conclusions. There are alternative principled approaches, however, that are available in statistical software namely mixed-effects models and multiple imputation. In this paper we introduce terminology used to describe different assumptions about missing data. We emphasize that understanding reasons for missingness is a critical step in the analysis process. We describe and implement both linear mixed-effects models and an inclusive multiple imputation strategy for handling missing data in a randomized trial examining sleep outcomes. These principled strategies are compared with "complete-case analysis" and LOCF. These analyses illustrate that methodologies for accommodating missing data can produce different results in both direction and strength of treatment effects. Our goal is for this paper to serve as a guide to sleep disorder clinical trial researchers on how to utilize principled methods for incomplete data in their trial analyses.     

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: A review of papers published since its inception

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is an ongoing, longitudinal, multicenter study designed to develop clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the early detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study aimed to enroll 400 subjects with early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 200 subjects with early AD, and 200 normal control subjects; $67 million funding was provided by both the public and private sectors, including the National Institute on Aging, 13 pharmaceutical companies, and 2 foundations that provided support through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. This article reviews all papers published since the inception of the initiative and summarizes the results as of February 2011. The major accomplishments of ADNI have been as follows: (1) the development of standardized methods for clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in a multicenter setting; (2) elucidation of the patterns and rates of change of imaging and CSF biomarker measurements in control subjects, MCI patients, and AD patients. CSF biomarkers are consistent with disease trajectories predicted by β-amyloid cascade (Hardy, J Alzheimers Dis 2006;9(Suppl 3):151–3) and tau-mediated neurodegeneration hypotheses for AD, whereas brain atrophy and hypometabolism levels show predicted patterns but exhibit differing rates of change depending on region and disease severity; (3) the assessment of alternative methods of diagnostic categorization. Currently, the best classifiers combine optimum features from multiple modalities, including MRI, [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, CSF biomarkers, and clinical tests; (4) the development of methods for the early detection of AD. CSF biomarkers, β-amyloid 42 and tau, as well as amyloid PET may reflect the earliest steps in AD pathology in mildly symptomatic or even nonsymptomatic subjects, and are leading candidates for the detection of AD in its preclinical stages; (5) the improvement of clinical trial efficiency through the identification of subjects most likely to undergo imminent future clinical decline and the use of more sensitive outcome measures to reduce sample sizes. Baseline cognitive and/or MRI measures generally predicted future decline better than other modalities, whereas MRI measures of change were shown to be the most efficient outcome measures; (6) the confirmation of the AD risk loci CLU, CR1, and PICALM and the identification of novel candidate risk loci; (7) worldwide impact through the establishment of ADNI-like programs in Europe, Asia, and Australia; (8) understanding the biology and pathobiology of normal aging, MCI, and AD through integration of ADNI biomarker data with clinical data from ADNI to stimulate research that will resolve controversies about competing hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of AD, thereby advancing efforts to find disease-modifying drugs for AD; and (9) the establishment of infrastructure to allow sharing of all raw and processed data without embargo to interested scientific investigators throughout the world. The ADNI study was extended by a 2-year Grand Opportunities grant in 2009 and a renewal of ADNI (ADNI-2) in October 2010 through to 2016, with enrollment of an additional 550 participants.     

Strategies for analyzing nerve conduction data: Superiority of a summary index over single tests

We compared three strategies for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: using a single test; requiring one, two, or three of three tests to be abnormal; or utilizing a single summary variable incorporating data from three tests. Sixty-five hands of subjects without clinical carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were compared with 66 hands with clinical CTS. Three latency differences were measured: median-ulnar (8 cm) midpalmar orthodromic (palmdiff); median-ulnar ring finger (14 cm) antidromic (ringdiff); and median-radial thumb (10 cm) antidromic (thumbdiff). The combined sensory index (CSI) was the sum of these three differences. Sensitivity for the tests was palmdiff 69.7%, ringdiff 74.2%, thumbdiff 75.8%, and CSI 83.1%. Specificity was 95.4–96.9%. Requiring one, two, or three of three tests to be abnormal yielded sensitivities of 84.8%, 74.2%, or 56.1%, respectively, but specificities of 92.3%, 98.5%, and 100%, respectively. We conclude that a combined index improves diagnostic classification over use of single test results. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1166–1171, 1998.     

Research articles published by Korean spine surgeons: Scientific progress and the increase in spine surgery

There has been a marked increase in spine surgery in the 21st century, but there are no reports providing quantitative and qualitative analyses of research by Korean spine surgeons. The study goal was to assess the status of Korean spinal surgery and research.The number of spine surgeries was obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Research articles published by Korean spine surgeons were reviewed by using the Medline/PubMed online database.The number of spine surgeries in Korea increased markedly from 92,390 in 2004 to 164,291 in 2013. During the 2000–2014 period, 1982 articles were published by Korean spine surgeons. The annual number of articles increased from 20 articles in 2000 to 293 articles in 2014. There was a positive correlation between the annual spine surgery and article numbers (p < 0.001). There were 1176 original studies published, and there was an annual increase in articles with Oxford levels of evidence 1, 2, and 3. The mean five-year impact factor (IF) for article quality was 1.79. There was no positive correlation between the annual IF and article numbers. Most articles (65.9%) were authored by neurosurgical spine surgeons. But spinal deformity-related topics were dominant among articles authored by orthopedics.The results show a clear quantitative increase in Korean spinal surgery and research over the last 15 years. The lack of a correlation between annual IF and published article numbers indicate that Korean spine surgeons should endeavor to increase research value.     

Experience of parental loss and later suicide: data from published biographies

A study of 30 individuals who committed suicide whose biographies or autobiographies have been published revealed that 16 had experienced loss in childhood. There was an excess of loss caused by death and of fathers rather than mothers. Fourteen of the 16 losses occurred when the child was aged 6 to 14 (latency age).     

Overview of the family structure in Egypt and its relation to Psychiatry

Abstract

The family is the basic unit of any society and culture. The concept, structure, and function of the family unit vary considerably across different cultures; however, its role continues to be imperative to the development of individuals and their psychological make-up. All societies have a concept of ‘family’, its relative importance, structure, and functions; however, this varies according to the particular culture. In the Arabic culture, as well as other collectivistic cultures, the extended family is often regarded as the basic unit. The family is the foundational and basic social unit that fosters the stability, well-being and sustainability of society. The quality of family relationships shapes and influences the social, psychological, and biological development and functioning of its members. This may be especially relevant to individuals with mental health problems. The people of ancient Egypt valued family life highly, and this is the case even now. They treasured children and regarded them as a great blessing. If a couple had no children, they would pray to the gods and goddesses for help. They would also place letters at the tombs of dead relatives asking them to use their influence with the gods. The importance of family has not changed dramatically even though the structures are beginning to. In this paper we highlight changes in family set-up and the state of family therapy in Egypt.     

《上海精神医学》2003～2006年载文分析

目的分析《上海精神医学》2003～2006年刊载的文章及其引文,探讨该刊刊载特征。方法统计该刊4年刊载的477篇文章类型、作者、作者单位分布、280篇论著引文的引文量、引文语种、引文类型、引文时间分布。结果（1）在477篇文章中,排名前10位的作者单位共发表文章256篇（53．7％）,在356名第1作者中,24名发表≥3篇的作者。载文类型有16种。（2）280篇论著中论文合著率为97．1％,平均合作度为4．7。280篇论著的引文率为100％,总引文量2335条,平均每篇论著引文8．34条,其中外语语种（以英文为主）占61．07％;中文占38．67％;引文以期刊为主,期刊自引率为5．18％;普莱斯指数为50．45％;被引文献的文献峰值（0．109）为论文发表后第5年。结论《上海精神医学》载文类型多,论著引文语种主要为英文,文献引用具有新颖性。     

The dissemination of the French School of Psychiatry and its impact in the world

The French School of Psychiatry has characteristics which are proper to it, and it conveys many notions related to health care, in addition to the accompaniment and the comprehension of mentally ill people and mental illness. These notions are specific to the French culture. Thus, famous French psychiatrists have described many syndromes and discovered the first neuroleptic, chlorpromazine. Among these psychiatrists: Pinel, Esquirol, Janet, Ey, Delay and Deniker. Furthermore, the first World Psychiatry Congress was held in Paris in 1950. It was a major congress for many specialists from all the world have participated and strongly influenced the future of psychiatry in the world. We will be describing the French School of Psychiatry's impact in the world (South America) and mainly in the French-speaking world (Romania, Africa, Lebanon and Quebec). We will also be discussing the tools, associations and publications which participate in the dissemination of this school of thought's knowledge.