颗粒状角膜营养不良活体共焦显微镜形态学研究

目的研究颗粒状角膜营养不良角膜各层组织的共焦显微镜形态改变。方法应用Confoscan2.0共焦显微镜对13例(26眼)颗粒状角膜营养不良患者的角膜进行扫描检查,记录与分析各层角膜图像。结果所有患眼前基质细胞及16/26眼后基质细胞结构不清,排列紊乱,并可见短棒状多形性强反光;6/26眼前弹力层不规则并增厚,神经纤维密度明显下降;6/26眼角膜上皮基底细胞层可见不定型的强反光;2/26眼角膜上皮细胞边界不清,排列呈疏松的蜂窝状,并出现不透明的强反光;所有患者角膜内皮细胞形态基本正常。视力0.3以下的患眼角膜上皮细胞层、上皮基底细胞层、前弹力层、后基质层发生形态异常的比例高于0.3以上的患眼(P<0.05)。结论1.共焦显微镜可活体检查颗粒状角膜营养不良角膜组织各层结构,起到类似病理组织切片的作用。2.前基质层形态异常可能是颗粒状角膜营养不良最基本的共焦显微镜形态特征,病情越重,前基质层以外的其它层次发生形态异常的可能性越大,但内皮细胞层一般不受累。3.共焦显微镜检查对颗粒状角膜营养不良手术方式的选择具有一定的参考价值。     

Anterior amorphous corneal opacity and corneal thinning

PurposeTo present the clinical features of four cases with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity.MethodsA retrospective study in four patients with bilateral anterior amorphous corneal opacity was conducted. Examinations included visual acuity, keratometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence topography, and histology.ResultsThree female and one male patients (mean age, 52.3 ± 8.9 years) showed bilaterally oval, amorphous sheetlike corneal opacities with central depression and thinning. Superior limbal opacities were observed in two of these patients. The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to 20/400, and the mean of the keratometry was 39.81 ± 3.97 D (diopters). They had mild dry eyes. The anterior segment optical coherence topography demonstrated hyporeflective abnormalities in the anterior depressed stroma in these four patients. Confocal microscopy revealed large round cells at the epithelial layer in one patient, and amorphous opacities with some strand-shaped opacities in the anterior stroma in all four patients. The mean of the corneal endothelial cells density in the eight eyes was 1521 ± 402 cells/mm². Central corneal stromalysis occurred in three patients, and descemetocele developed in two eyes. One patient received penetrating keratoplasty and two underwent lamellar keratoplasty. The histology of the corneal specimen revealed edematous basal epithelial cells, focal collagen disorganization in the thin stroma, and wartlike excrescences in a thickened Descemet's membrane.ConclusionAnterior amorphous corneal opacity is a rare keratopathy and may be one kind of rare corneal degeneration or dystrophy. Corneal stromalysis may occur in hyporefrective amorphous opacities and progress to descemetocele.     

Keratoglobus and posterior subcapsular cataract: surgical considerations and in vivo microstructural analysis

We report sporadic, bilateral keratoglobus associated with posterior subcapsular cataract in a 43-year-old man. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed symmetric arcus senilis-like deposits, a polygonal appearance resembling crocodile shagreen, an unusual endothelial appearance, and posterior subcapsular cataract. Orbscan II pachymetry maps (Bausch & Lomb) demonstrated bilateral diffuse corneal thinning (359.53 microm +/- 21.15 [SD] in the right eye and 379.61 +/- 11.49 microm in the left eye). These thickness values were confirmed by ultrasound pachymetry. In vivo confocal microscopy showed multiple criss-crossing dark lines and no identifiable cellular elements within the stroma. There were mild to moderate, guttata-like endothelial changes surrounded by pleomorphic cells. Phacoemulsification was performed in the left eye after careful consideration of the presenting features and modification of the surgical technique. Minimal structural alteration was observed during microstructural analysis 7 months after surgery. The endothelial morphology postoperatively was similar to that at baseline.     

In vivo confocal microscopy of pre-endothelial deposits

BACKGROUND: Deposits in various layers of the cornea might result from long-term medical therapy, photorefractive surgery, and longterm use of contact lenses or corneal dystrophies. METHODS: A 46-year-old woman was referred to our department with the suspected diagnosis of posterior polymorphous dystrophy. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed bilateral small-sized deposits in the posterior part of the cornea. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed to evaluate these deposits in detail. RESULTS: In vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea identified hyperreflec-tive "dot-like" structures in the deep stromal layer and anterior to the endothelial cell layer. The morphology and number of keratocytes of the posterior stroma and of endothelial cells appeared normal. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy is a very useful tool to analyze and visualize pre-endothelial deposits. Because there is no family history of corneal disease, the exact origin of the pre-endothelial deposits in our case remains unclear.     

In vivo confocal microscopy of pre-Descemet's membrane corneal dystrophy

Pre-Descemet's membrane corneal dystrophy is clinically characterized by the presence of numerous tiny pleomorphic opacities located in the deep stroma immediately anterior to Descemet's membrane. A 35-year-old man, clinically diagnosed with pre-Descemet's corneal dystrophy, was examined by in vivo slit scan confocal microscopy. The pleomorphic structures containing dense hyperreflective inclusions in the posterior stroma were revealed in vivo. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is consistent with the result of the previous histological study, but different from other reports using in vivo confocal microscopy.     

In vivo microstructural analysis of the cornea in Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome

PURPOSE: This report describes the clinical and in vivo microstructural features of the cornea in a case of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. METHODS: A 17-year-old female with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Orbscan II slit-scanning elevation topography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed bilateral, altered corneal transparency involving the posterior half of the stroma. Funduscopy revealed bilateral small, crowded optic discs, and radial macula retinal folds.On in vivo confocal microscopy, the middle and posterior stroma were clearly visualized and exhibited well-defined, unusually shaped keratocytes. These cells contained single or multiple hyporeflective regions with well-defined borders that ranged from 1 to 11.6 microm in diameter. These abnormal keratocytes were particularly abundant in the posterior stroma and sparse in the anterior stroma. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome in which altered corneal transparency has been imaged by in vivo confocal microscopy and macula retinal folds have been described.     

In vivo confocal microscopy in the patients with cornea farinata

PURPOSE: To report in vivo corneal confocal microscopic findings of patients with cornea farinata. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two unrelated patients, a 47-year-old man and a 77-year-old woman, with cornea farinata were studied. Examination with a confocal microscope was performed in addition to routine slit-lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS: In both cases, slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed numerous small, faint opacities in the deep stroma in both eyes. Using confocal microscopy, highly reflective small particles were observed in the cytoplasm of keratocytes in the deep stroma adjacent to the corneal endothelial layer. No abnormalities could be detected in the epithelial layer, in the mid-stromal layer, at the level of Descemet's membrane, and in the endothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo corneal confocal microscopy is useful for observing stromal abnormalities in cornea farinata. Further investigation of posterior stromal opacities using confocal microscopy may be useful to understand and differentiate various corneal conditions involving primarily deep stromal layers.     

应用共焦显微镜观察Fuch角膜内皮营养不良患者的病变形态学特征

目的探讨应用共焦显微镜观察我国Fuch角膜内皮营养不良患者角膜各层的活体形态学特征。方法对19例(38只眼)Fuch角膜内皮营养不良患者的中央部角膜进行活体共焦显微镜检查,分为有症状组(19只眼)和无症状组(19只眼),并选取30只眼作为正常对照组,应用NAVIS软件测量、分析角膜各层组织细胞形态和密度,以及滴状赘疣和角膜神经的直径。结果 (1)有症状组:19只眼的角膜内皮层均见到滴状赘疣,直径20-60 μm,内皮细胞密度与正常对照组比较差异有显著意义(t=18.74,P<0.01);9只眼后弹力膜增厚;14只眼角膜后基质层有长条形暗区结构;19只眼角膜基质反光普遍增强;17只眼Bowman膜有局灶性高反光区域;19只眼基底上皮细胞形态大致正常;10只眼显示正常的角膜神经结构;后、前基质细胞密度,与正常对照组比较差异无显著意义(t=0.854、1.173,P=0.38、0.24)。(2)无症状组:19只眼的角膜内皮层均见到滴状赘疣,数目较有症状组者少,直径15-40μm;内皮细胞密度,与正常对照组比较,差异无显著意义(t=1.998,P=0.053);角膜其余各层未见异常。有症状组与无症状组的内皮细胞密度计数比较,差异有非常显著意义(t=8.352,P<0.01)。结论活体共焦显微镜检查有助于Fuch角膜内皮营养不良患者的诊断,特别适用于角膜水肿、角膜内皮镜无法成像的患者。(     

三种实验动物角膜活体共焦显微镜检测的比较解剖学研究

背景 海德堡视网膜厚度分析仪和角膜模块的结合实现了对眼表活体组织结构的非侵入性检查,利用共焦显微镜对常用实验动物角膜结构进行比较研究可为相关研究提供依据.目的 利用活体共焦显微镜比较新西兰大白兔、Lewis大鼠、Swiss小鼠的角膜结构,建立实验动物角膜的活体组织图像资料,为共焦显微镜的实验研究提供依据.方法 利用海德堡视网膜厚度分析仪(HRT-Ⅱ)的Rostock角膜模块对新西兰大白兔、Lewis大鼠、Swiss小鼠的角膜进行活体分析,角膜的每一层各采集20张共焦显微镜图片,比较分析实验动物角膜各层的形态学特点及角膜内皮细胞密度.结果 共焦显微镜下3种实验动物角膜表层上皮细胞表现为高反光或低反光的多形细胞,基底上皮细胞表现为暗的细胞质,细胞核不可见,细胞间排列紧密、规则；前弹力层均表现为含有丰富上皮下神经丛的无定形物质.兔角膜基质层在黑色背景中散布着高反光物质,即为角膜基质细胞核,后基质层细胞密度高于前基质层；大鼠和小鼠的角膜基质层仅观察到大量反光的星形结构,无明显的细胞核.3种实验动物的角膜内皮细胞形态相似,均表现为高反光的胞体,边界较暗且细胞排列成蜂窝状.新西兰兔前基质角膜细胞密度中位数为387.5个/mm2,后基质角膜细胞密度中位数为223.5个/mm2,明显少于前基质的细胞密度(U=0.000,P=0.000)；新西兰兔、Lewis大鼠、Swiss小鼠角膜内皮细胞密度中位数分别为2192.5、1936.0、1565.0个/mm2,总体差异有统计学意义(H=49.940,P=0.000),兔角膜内皮细胞密度明显高于大鼠和小鼠,差异均有统计学意义(x2=0.000,P=0.000；x2=0.000,P=0.000),大鼠和小鼠的角膜内皮细胞密度差异亦有统计学意义(x2=0.000,P=0.000).结论 共焦显微镜下新西兰大白兔、Lewis大鼠、Swiss小鼠角膜各层的细胞形态相似,但内皮细胞密度和基质细胞形态之间存在明显差异.HRT-Ⅱ的Rostock角膜模块可为动物实验提供角膜各层次的高分辨率图像.     

In vivo confocal microscopy in primary congenital glaucoma with megalocornea

PURPOSE: To report the microscopic findings of congenital glaucoma-related megalocornea using in vivo confocal microscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two consecutive adult patients presenting the typical features of glaucomatous megalocornea underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. The first patient presented with progressive glaucoma with bilateral megalocornea. The second patient's left eye was affected by megalocornea without actual evidence of glaucoma, whereas the right eye was healthy. Both patients were examined using a new-generation scanning slit corneal confocal microscope. RESULTS: In both patients, confocal microscopy revealed a mild reduction of keratocyte density in the mid and rear stroma, a particular abnormal "clew-shaped" morphology of stromal nerves, and the presence of discontinuous hyperreflective structures overhanging the endothelial layer at the level of the Descemet membrane. The endothelium showed severe polymegethism, pleomorphism, and a markedly decreased cell density, and focal cellular lesions were noted. CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate microscopic aspects of Haab striae and endothelial morphologic changes in glaucomatous megalocornea. Unsuspected alterations, such as nerves abnormalities and focal endothelial tractions by scar tissue, were observed.     

Microstructural assessment of rare corneal dystrophies using real-time in vivo confocal microscopy

Purpose : To analyse and describe three cases of rare corneal dystrophy and highlight their in vivo microstructural features. Methods : Subject 1 was diagnosed with a posterior stromal fleck corneal dystrophy. Two of her three children were also affected. Subjects 2 and 3 exhibited an almost identical clinical appearance on biomicroscopic examination, such that both clinically were diagnosed as having pre‐Descemet’s dystrophies. All subjects underwent in vivo confocal microscopy and approximately 300 sequential digital images were obtained and analysed for each cornea. Results : In vivo confocal microscopy of subject 1 demonstrated an abnormal appearance of numerous large ovoid particles, measuring 50–70 μm in diameter in the mid and posterior stroma as well as smaller hyperreflective dot‐like intracellular deposits, of less than 1 μm diameter. Despite the near‐identical clinical appearance, subjects 2 and 3 could be clearly differentiated by in vivo confocal microscopy. Subject 2 exhibited small, irregular, optically dense particles, mainly in the anterior stroma, whereas subject 3 possessed classical involvement of the stroma immediately adjacent to Descemet’s membrane, with numerous regular, small, hyperreflective particles. Conclusions : The ability of in vivo confocal microscopy to localize and accurately measure various elements in different corneal layers may help to resolve whether abnormalities are intra‐ or extracellular, and aid clearer differentiation of rare corneal disorders.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者角膜的共聚焦显微镜观察

目的共聚焦显微镜下观察Ⅱ型糖尿病患者角膜上皮下神经纤维以及角膜各层细胞密度和形态学改变。设计比较性病例系列。研究对象选取确诊为Ⅱ型糖尿病的患者20例(20眼)为病例组和就诊于眼科门诊的无糖尿病的老年性白内障患者20例(20眼)为对照组。方法病例组和对照组均进行角膜共聚焦显微镜检查,对所得的图片和结果进行分析。主要指标角膜上皮下神经纤维密度、角膜上皮基底细胞密度、角膜浅基质细胞密度、角膜中基质细胞密度、角膜深基质细胞密度、角膜内皮细胞密度、内皮细胞的变异系数和六角形百分比。结果糖尿病组与对照组相比,上皮下神经纤维密度明显减少(t=-4.951,P=0.000);角膜浅基质细胞密度、中基质细胞密度和深基质细胞密度均有显著下降(P值均=0.000);角膜内皮细胞变异系数增加(t’=3.652,P=0.001),六角形百分比减少(t=-3.778;P=0.001)。结论共聚焦显微镜下显示Ⅱ型糖尿病患者角膜上皮下神经纤维密度和各层细胞密度下降。     

圆锥角膜各期的共焦显微镜表现

目的评价共焦显微镜在圆锥角膜临床研究中的应用价值。方法应用共焦显微镜观察圆锥角膜患者32例（48眼）及正常对照组17例（28眼），分别比较早、中、晚期圆锥角膜与正常对照组的图像特点。结果早期圆锥角膜出现激活状态的角膜细胞、浅基质层的细小皱褶、深基质层的暗纹、部分内皮细胞异形性明显，中、晚期圆锥角膜出现角膜上皮细胞拉伸、细胞核皱缩；基质细胞排列紊乱、基质层暗纹；而对照组未发现上述表现。各期圆锥角膜的角膜基质层厚度、不同深度角膜基质细胞密度、内皮细胞密度与对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论共焦显微镜对早期圆锥角膜的发现以及圆锥角膜病理发展的研究具有重要的临床价值。     

后部多形性角膜营养不良的临床观察

目的 探讨后部多形性角膜营养不良的临床特点及其在共焦显微镜下的改变.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.对2007年3月至2009年8月河南省眼科研究所视光门诊就诊的10例后部多形性角膜营养不良患者行详细的裂隙灯显微镜检查及眼前节照相,并行共焦显微镜、角膜内皮镜及OrbscanⅡ等检查,分析其特点.采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析.结果 10例患者年龄范围8～35岁,其中囊泡状后部多形性角膜营养不良4例(7只眼),带状后部多形性角膜营养不良5例(5只眼),弥漫性后部多形性角膜营养不良1例(2只眼),共计10例(14只眼).1例囊泡状病变者双眼合并高眼压症状,2例带状病变者(2只眼)伴有角膜地形图异常,表现为角膜后表面前突;1例弥漫性病变者双眼有虹膜周边前粘连,角膜基质水肿.角膜内皮镜检查显示病变角膜内皮细胞增大,平均大小为584μm2,而无病变眼为316 μm2,差异有统计学意义(U=0.000,P=0.002);内皮细胞数量减少,病变眼平均内皮细胞密度为1746个/mm2,无病变眼为3201个/mm2,差异有统计学意义(U=0.000,P=0.002).共焦显微镜检查可见角膜内皮细胞呈多形性改变;部分出现细胞核,部分皱缩呈橘皮样或指纹样外观,甚至内皮细胞缺失;囊泡状病变表现为圆形或椭圆形弹坑样或火山口样病灶;带状病变的病灶为宽带状,边缘呈堤状外观,病变区内皮细胞消失,可有纤维样组织增生,幅状粘连;弥漫性病变表现为内皮细胞大面积缺失,表面粗糙,呈沟壑状.结论 后部多形性角膜营养不良经裂隙灯显微镜检查可明确诊断,共焦显微镜检查可辅助确诊,部分患者早期可有角膜地形图异常或伴有高眼压症状.

Abstract：

Objective To resarch the clinical features and in vivo confocal microscopic findings of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). Methods It was a retrospective consecutive case study.Ten patients with PPCD, attended at Optometry Department of Henan Eye Institute from March 2007 to August 2009, were analyzed. All the subjects were examined by slit-lamp, Orbscan Ⅱ , specular microscopy,HRT3/RCM confocal microscopy. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analysis the data. Results The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 35 years. Seven eyes of the 4 patients have the vesicular lesions, five eves of the 5 patients were band lesions and 1 patient had bilateral diffused opacities, this patient also had iridocorneal adhesions with associated papillary ectropion but without glaucoma. In total, 14 eyes of the 10 patients had PPCD. Two eyes had abnormal Orbscan Ⅱ topography, it showed both anterior and posterior surface protrusion. Specular microscopy exam indicated large cells in size and reduced endothelium density.The mean size of the affected eye was 584 μm2 ,the normal eye was 316 μm2. The difference was statistically significant( U =0.000,P =0.002). The density of the endothelium was 1746 cells/mm2 in affected eye and 3201 cells/mm2 in normal eye. The difference was also statistically significant( U =0.000,P =0.002). In vivo confocal microscopy showed endothelial polymorphism. Occasional bright endothelial nuclei were seen. A variety of curvilinear and vesicular abnormalities were imaged including orange or finger like lesion, round or oval dark area with hyper reflectivity border. Some large lesions may lose endothelium with rough surface have a dike appearance. Conclusions Careful exam by slit-lamp may help to diagnose PPCD and further specular microscopy and (or) in vivo confocal microscopy exam will confirm it. Some cases may have abnormal topography, or associated with high intraocular pressure.     

Differential diagnosis of corneal oedema assisted by in vivo confocal microscopy

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate microstructural differences between clinically similar, but aetiologically different, cases of corneal oedema in four subjects. In vivo confocal microscopy highlighted oedema of the basal epithelium, prominent nerve–keratocyte interactions, and typical ‘epithelialization’ of the endothelium in a case of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome; however, a similar microstructural appearance was observed in a case of presumed herpetic disciform keratitis. The latter diagnosis was subsequently revised on this basis. Confocal examination of Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy demonstrated oedema of the basal epithelium, prominent wing cells, anterior stromal alterations, fibrosis of Descemet’s membrane and a typical ‘strawberry’ appearance of the endothelium. In contrast, in vivo microstructural examination of bilateral keratoconus with hydrops confirmed oedema mainly involving the epithelium and anterior stroma. In vivo confocal microscopy allows the clinician to observe the living cornea at a microstructural level and to better diagnose and differentiate borderline or unusual cases of corneal oedema.     

脱细胞猪角膜基质作为植片的深板层角膜移植治疗感染性角膜溃疡的临床观察

目的 比较脱细胞猪角膜基质与新鲜角膜组织作为植片的深板层角膜移植手术治疗感染性角膜溃疡的临床疗效。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2015年11月~2016年9月在北京佑安医院就诊的10例病变深度未累及后弹力层的感染性角膜溃疡患者。方法 回顾性分析气泡辅助下的深板层角膜移植手术资料,其中使用脱细胞猪角膜基质材料和新鲜角膜组织材料治疗的患者各5例。比较两组患者术后1年最佳矫正视力（LogMAR）、眼压、球镜度、角膜平均曲率、散光度、角膜内皮细胞数、角膜厚度、眼轴长度、角膜共聚焦显微镜表现、角膜透明度以及植片的生存情况。主要指标 术后1年患者的最佳矫正视力（LogMAR）、眼压、球镜度、角膜平均曲率、散光度、角膜内皮细胞数、角膜厚度、眼轴长度、角膜共聚焦显微镜表现、角膜透明度以及植片的生存情况。结果 在随访期间,两组所有植片均保持透明,植片生存率为100%。术后1年,脱细胞角膜基质组和新鲜角膜组的视力分别为0.53±0.21和0.33±0.06（P=0.184）,眼压分别为（8.00±2.00）mmHg和（10.33±0.58）mmHg（P=0.124）,球镜度分别为（-4.50±4.21）D和（-1.25±0.75）D（P=0.258）,角膜平均曲率分别为（47.59±5.40）D和（44.51±1.87）D（P=0.403）,散光度分别为（-5.52±1.97）D和（-5.14±1.66）D（P=0.812）,内皮细胞数分别为（1272.67±387.63）个/mm2和（1550.33±232.69）个/mm2（P=0.347）,角膜厚度分别为（439.33±67.86）μm和（534.00±14.42）μm（P=0.077）,眼轴长度分别为（23.53±0.91）mm和（23.55±1.56）mm（P=0.981）。角膜共聚焦显微镜显示,脱细胞猪角膜基质组的角膜上皮细胞可以完全覆盖植片,基底细胞和翼状细胞形态和密度与新鲜角膜组织接近,但在基底细胞下方可见高反光的沉着物,基质层细胞的密度明显低于新鲜角膜组织,并且在内皮细胞与深基质层之间仍可见脱细胞纤维排列。结论 脱细胞猪角膜基质具有良好的生物相容性,当缺乏新鲜角膜材料时,用于替代治疗感染性角膜溃疡可以取得满意的效果。     

In vivo confocal microscopy in a patient with keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing)

PURPOSE: To report in vivo corneal confocal microscopic findings in a patient with keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 64-year-old woman who received keratopigmentation for bilateral corneal opacity 53 years ago was examined by confocal microscope. RESULTS: By confocal microscopy, scattered highly reflective particles in a geographic pattern were observed in the superficial stroma near Bowman layer. In addition, clusters of highly reflective granules were in the mid- to superficial stroma. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy can be used for monitoring keratopigmentation. The findings may serve to distinguish keratopigmentations from other pigmented corneal lesions.     

Acute corneal hydrops with perforation after LASIK-associated keratectasia

Herein a case of acute corneal hydrops with perforation in keratectasia 9 years after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis is presented. A 27-year-old man presented with right eye sudden loss of vision. Right eye best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers. Left eye best-corrected visual acuity was 6/9. Right eye slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse corneal oedema with central epithelial cystic change. The interface between the flap and residual stroma was open and filled with fluid. This separation extended nearly to the flap margin. Shallow anterior chamber and aqueous leakage were noted the following day. An emergency penetrating keratoplasty was performed to the right eye. Histopathology of corneal button revealed reactive keratocytes with irregular, wrinkled collagen formation over ablated stroma. Marked stromal oedema was observed. Twelve months after corneal transplantation, vision improved to 6/6 with correction in the right eye.     

Biomicroscopia confocal en 4 pacientes con distrofia corneal policromática

Introduction

Polychromatic corneal dystrophy is an unusual pre-descemet dystrophy, about which there are very few publications. The findings are presented in a case series of four patients with polychromatic corneal dystrophy, using a slit lamp, specular biomicroscopy, and confocal microcospy.

In vivo confocal corneal microscopy after keratoplasty

BACKGROUND: Seven eyes with clear grafts after penetrating keratoplasty were examined with in vivo confocal corneal microscopy in 1999. Our aim was the confocal microscopic investigation of the subclinical changes in clear grafts after long-term follow-up.METHODS: The preoperative diagnoses were keratoconus (two), granular corneal dystrophy (two), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy due to ACL (two), and corneal ulcer (one). The epithelium, corneal nerves, keratocytes of the anterior and posterior stroma, and endothelium were evaluated with confocal microscopy.RESULTS: Mean density of basal epithelial cells was 3928+/-378 cells/mm(2) at 15 months and 3284+/-565 cells/mm(2) at 66 months postoperatively. At 15 months the keratocyte density was 750+/-113 cells/mm(2) in the anterior stroma and 601+/-98 cells/mm(2) in the posterior stroma, at 66 months 383+/-53 cells/mm(2) in the anterior stroma and 411+/-98 cells/mm(2) in the posterior stroma. Endothelial cell density decreased from 1719+/-576 cells/mm(2) (15 months) to 965+/-272 cells/mm(2) (66 months).CONCLUSIONS: In the follow-up period a significant decrease of keratocyte and endothelial cell density was detectable with confocal microscopy. The clinical importance of our findings must be clarified with further examinations on more patients.