MRI在凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入中的产前诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振在凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入中的产前诊断价值。方法回顾性分析在我院产前就诊的48例疑似妊娠期胎盘植入的患者,经临床手术和病理诊断确诊46例,分别计算MRI、US诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的灵敏度、特异度等统计学指标。计算MRI、US对凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入不同类型的检出率和MRI各影像征象的检出率。结果 MRI诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为98%、50%、98%、50%。US诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为74%、50%、97%、8%。对诊断穿透型胎盘植入MRI和US都有较高的检出率,但是在诊断粘连型胎盘植入的检出率方面US较MRI低。结论 MRI对诊断凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入的准确性较高,对胎盘植入的分级诊断价值也要高于US。产前MRI检查对于临床术前评估尤为重要,可以作为一种有效及无创的检查手段。     

MRI多征象联合在胎盘植入中的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：分析MRI多个征象及其联合应用在胎盘植入诊断中的应用价值。方法：对20例胎盘前置且临床高度怀疑胎盘植入的患者进行MRI检查,分别对拟诊胎盘植入的胎盘异质性、子宫肌层不连续、胎盘局部膨突、肌层变薄及结构模糊、宫外胎盘延伸等征象进行独立分析,以分娩术后是否有胎盘植入为标准,统计MRI各征象及联合应用多征象在诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果：肌层变薄及结构模糊的敏感度最高,为92.9%;子宫肌层不连续和宫外胎盘延伸诊断胎盘植入的特异度为100%,胎盘异质性和胎盘局部膨突的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为85.7%、66.7%、85.7%、66.7%和71.4%、83.3%、90.9%、55.6%,两者联合应用后敏感度和阴性预测值为100%,特异度为83.3%,阳性预测值为93.3%。结论：MRI对胎盘植入具有很高的诊断效能,应当作为临床怀疑胎盘植入患者的常规检查方法,胎盘异质性和胎盘局部膨突两征象联合对胎盘植入的诊断具有很高的敏感度和特异度。     

前置胎盘并胎盘植入的MRI诊断价值

【摘要】目的:探讨MRI对前置胎盘并胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法:将临床疑诊前置胎盘的63例患者分别行经腹超声及MRI检查，MRI采用半傅里叶采集单次激发快速自旋回波(HASTE)序列和真实稳态进动快速成像（true FISP）序列，以手术或病理为金标准，比较MRI与超声对胎盘植入的诊断效能。比较MRI两种序列对前置胎盘并胎盘植入各征象的显示率。结果：63例临床疑诊前置胎盘患者中，合并胎盘植入者46例，发生率为73%。HASTE联合true FISP序列能较超声更清晰的显示胎盘结构及胎盘植入灶。超声的诊断敏感度为52.2%，特异度为64.7%；MRI产前诊断的敏感度为97.8%，特异度为76.5%。HASTE 序列对子宫下段肌层、联合带、胎盘内低信号及植入灶的显示率均高于true FISP序列（P均＜0.05）。结论:与超声相比，MRI HASTE序列对前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的诊断具有更大优势。     

凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的MRI诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI对凶险性前置胎盘（PPP）及非凶险性前置胎盘（nPPP）伴胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析产检提示胎盘前置的137例孕晚期患者的临床及MRI资料，并与手术及病理结果进行对照分析，比较MRI对PPP组及nPPP组伴发胎盘植入的诊断效能差异。结果：经手术及病理证实137例患者中发生胎盘植入72例，其中PPP组45例，nPPP组27例。PPP组MRI诊断胎盘植入的灵敏度、特异度、符合率、漏诊率、误诊率分别为91.1%、72.0%、84.3％、8.9%、28.0%，nPPP组分别为88.0%、95.0%、89.6%、18.5%、5.0%。MRI对PPP组的误诊率高于nPPP组，MRI对胎盘植入的总体诊断效能与手术（金标准）基本一致（Kappa=0.737，P<0.01）。MRI对穿透型胎盘的检出率最高（100%，5/5）；对粘连型胎盘的检出率最低，PPP组为28.6%（2/7），nPPP组为33.3%（3/9）。结论：MRI对胎盘植入有较高的诊断价值，可为子宫肌层与胎盘组织关系的评估提供有效信息，可作为产前诊断检查手段，指导临床制定适宜的治疗方案。     

超声联合MRI检查前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的临床价值

目的探讨超声与MRI平衡式快速梯度回波(B-FFE)和单次激发快速自旋回波(SS-TSE)序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入的价值。方法收集90例因超声诊断前置胎盘或疑诊胎盘植入而行MRI检查的孕妇的临床资料,行B-FFE、SS-TSE序列检查,并分析其诊断结果。结果经病理检查,诊断胎盘植入62例,其中穿透性与植入性胎盘39例,粘连性胎盘植入23例;单纯胎盘植入5例,前置胎盘伴胎盘植入57例;子宫前壁植入11例,子宫后壁植入51例。以病理结果为金标准,超声单独检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为72. 73%,特异度为83. 33%,准确性为75. 56%;超声联合MRI检查对前置胎盘诊断敏感度为93. 94%,特异度为75. 00%,准确性为88. 89%。超声单独检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为70. 97%,特异度为82. 14%,准确性为74. 44%;超声联合MRI检查对胎盘植入诊断敏感度为91. 94%,特异度为71. 43%,准确性为85. 56%。结论超声联合MRI B-FFE和SS-TSE序列在诊断前置胎盘、产前胎盘植入中的准确性较高。     

磁共振成像在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值

目的探讨MRI在诊断胎盘植入类型的应用价值。方法对超声提示前置胎盘且有胎盘植入高危因素的69例孕妇行MRI检查,分析MRI征象并与病理结果对照,计算MRI诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异度。结果 69例手术中证实有29例有胎盘植入,其中粘连型8例、植入型18例、穿透型3例。MRI对胎盘植入类型诊断的特异度92. 5%,灵敏度70. 0%,阳性预测值87. 0%,阴性预测值80. 4%。结论 MRI对粘连型胎盘植入的诊断率较低,对胎盘穿透的诊断率较高。     

胎盘侵犯的MRI表现及诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨胎盘侵犯的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析产前怀疑胎盘侵犯并行MRI检查的67例患者的病例资料,由两位医师判断胎盘侵犯的类型并记录其征象。以手术和/或病理诊断为金标准,分析穿透型和非穿透型胎盘侵犯、植入型和非植入型胎盘侵犯之间的影像学征象差异,并计算各征象诊断胎盘穿透和胎盘植入的敏感度和特异度。结果：膀胱壁毛糙、形态不规则或胎盘与邻近脏器分界不清在穿透型与非穿透型胎盘侵犯患者间的发生率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05);T2WI图像可见粗大血管影、胎盘与子宫界面间低信号带中断或不清、子宫下段不规则隆起、宫颈内口区胎盘形态不规则在植入型和非植入型胎盘侵犯患者间的发生率差异有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。膀胱壁毛糙、形态不规则或胎盘与邻近脏器分界不清诊断穿透型胎盘侵犯的敏感度、特异度分别为75.0%（15/20）、98.2%（112/114）;T2WI图像可见粗大血管影、胎盘与子宫界面间低信号带中断或不清、子宫下段不规则隆起、宫颈内口区胎盘形态不规则、胎盘信号不均诊断植入型胎盘侵犯的敏感度分别为82.4%（28/34）、70.6%（24/34）、73.5%（25/34）、52.9%（18/34）、67.6%（23/34）,特异度分别为80.0%（80/100）、71.0%（71/100）、78.0%（78/100）、85.0%（85/100）、34.0%（34/100）。结论：膀胱壁毛糙、形态不规则或胎盘与邻近脏器分界不清提示胎盘穿透;T2WI图像可见粗大血管影、胎盘与子宫界面间低信号带中断或不清、子宫下段膨隆、宫颈内口区胎盘形态不规则等征象出现时,提示胎盘植入。MRI对诊断胎盘植入及胎盘穿透有一定的应用价值。     

MRI在胎盘侵犯术前诊断中的价值

目的：研究 MRI 在胎盘侵犯术前诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析产前疑似胎盘侵犯的46例孕妇 MRI 图像,两位阅片者分别记录最佳 MRI 序列、方位、图像质量、诊断信心、有无侵犯、侵犯深度以及特异性 MRI 征象;并对两者的结果进行一致性检验。以术后病理或手术记录作为金标准,分别计算 MRI 诊断胎盘侵犯、侵犯深度以及各个 MRI 征象的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果：两者术前诊断达到中度至高度的一致性（κ值为0．478～0．739）。单次激发闭气序列（SSFSE）及矢状面是最佳的 MRI 序列和观察方位。MRI 诊断胎盘侵犯的敏感度和特异度为79．4％和66．7％;诊断胎盘粘连、植入和穿透的敏感度分别为28．4％,70．6％和33．3％。胎盘与肌层间低信号带缺失在胎盘侵犯中的出现率明显高于无胎盘侵犯（P ＝0．027）,其胎盘侵犯的阳性预测值为83．95％,敏感度为76．5％。胎盘与肌层间低信号带缺失和 T2 WI 上结节状低信号带同时出现的阳性预测值达到92．3％,但敏感度仅为35．3％。胎盘与肌层间低信号带缺失和子宫下段膨隆同时出现的阳性预测值是100％,但敏感性仅为23．5％。结论：MRI 判断有无胎盘侵犯具有较高的敏感性和特异性。判断侵犯深度（粘连、植入和穿透）时敏感性偏低。MRI 征象判断胎盘植入具有较高的阳性预测值,但是敏感性偏低。     

穿透性胎盘植入并侵犯膀胱MRI征象

【摘要】目的：探讨穿透性胎盘植入并侵犯膀胱MRI征象。方法：分析本院2014年1月-2017年12月经产前MRI检查诊断为植入型凶险性前置胎盘并经手术证实病例共86例,排除MRI检查显示膀胱充盈欠佳,选取膀胱呈半充盈状态病例共71例,以其中手术证实为穿透性胎盘植入并侵犯膀胱病例14例作为侵犯组,其余无膀胱侵犯病例共57例作为对照组,进行组间比较分析MRI征象统计学差异,并计算各征象诊断穿透性胎盘植入侵犯膀胱敏感度和特异度。结果：组间MRI征象两两比较分析胎盘母体面与膀胱浆膜面分界不清（侵犯组14/14、对照组26/57）,膀胱子宫间隙脂肪带中断（侵犯组13/14、对照组29/57）,膀胱后壁低信号带中断（侵犯组10/14、对照组3/57）,膀胱子宫界面出现过多流空血管（列入对象为子宫膀胱间隙内流空血管、子宫膀胱界面处难以区分为胎盘下或子宫膀胱间隙流空血管,侵犯组14/14、对照组20/57）,膀胱后壁见结节状或幕状突起（侵犯组12/14、对照组8/57）,胎盘向膀胱方向膨凸（侵犯组14/14、对照组20/57）,胎盘突入宫颈（侵犯组11/14、对照组22/57）等征象在两组间发生率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。其中膀胱后壁见结节状或幕状突起、膀胱后壁低信号带中断、膀胱子宫间隙出现过多流空血管、胎盘向膀胱方向膨凸有较高敏感度和特异度,4种征象敏感度分别为85.7%、71.4%、100%、100%,特异度分别为86%、95%、64.9%、64.9%。胎盘下血管异常（列入对象为明确位于胎盘下的流空血管异常,侵犯组14/14、对照组53/57）,胎盘内T2WI低信号条带（侵犯组14/14、对照组47/57）在两组间发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：产前MRI征象对鉴别穿透性胎盘植入是否侵犯膀胱具有重要诊断价值。其中胎盘向膀胱方向膨凸、膀胱后壁低信号带中断、膀胱后壁见结节状或幕状突起、膀胱子宫间隙出现过多流空血管等MRI征象具有较高诊断效能。     

MRI对产前胎盘植入的诊断价值

目的 :探讨胎盘植入的MRI特点及诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析16例胎盘植入患者的MRI征象,观察胎盘位置、信号强度、植入部位及子宫壁、相邻器官受累情况等,分析不同病理分级的影像学表现。结果:本组16例中,8例术前MRI诊断为粘连型,1例为前置胎盘,影像表现为子宫壁内侧低信号连续性欠佳,局部子宫肌层变薄,肌层内未见明显胎盘信号,6例与病理相符,1例正常,另1例病理为植入型;6例术前MRI诊断为胎盘植入型,4例前置胎盘,2例位于子宫后下壁表现为胎盘下血管影增多,与子宫壁内侧低信号带消失,胎盘呈"锯齿状"突入肌层内,均与病理相符合;2例穿透型均为前置胎盘,表现为信号混杂,可见斑点状出血灶,与子宫肌层附着处浆膜层膨隆,与邻近子宫周围组织如膀胱壁分界不清。结论:MRI对产前胎盘植入具有重要诊断价值。     

Role of transperineal sonography in diagnosis of placenta previa/accreta: A prospective study

Purpose

To evaluate the role of transperineal ultrasound (TPS) in the detection of morphological and vascular manifestations of placenta previa (PP)/accreta and to compare it with transabdominal sonography (TAS) and transvaginal sonography (TVS), with the clinical outcomes as the reference standards.

Materials and methods

TPS, TVS, and TAS were carried on 134 patients after 28 weeks’ gestation presented with antepartum hemorrhage. The final diagnosis was obtained from the obstetrician at time of delivery and from histopathological reports.

Results

One hundred and three patients had PP, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing PP were 97.1%, 75% and 94% for TPS, 94.2%, 75% and 91.5% for TAS, and 98.1%, 93.8% and 97.4% for TVS respectively. PP accreta was present in 39 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing PP accreta were 89.7%, 100% and 96% for TPS, 87%, 95% and 92.2% for TAS, and 94.9%, 100% and 98% for TVS respectively.

Conclusion

TPS is a valuable approach for evaluating patients with high risk of PP & PP accreta, it is a safe, rapid, & accurate technique with little patient discomfort.     

Balloon-Assisted Occlusion of the Internal Iliac Arteries in Patients with Placenta Accreta/Percreta

Background Placenta accreta/percreta is a leading cause of third trimester hemorrhage and postpartum maternal death. The current treatment for third trimester hemorrhage due to placenta accreta/percreta is cesarean hysterectomy, which may be complicated by large volume blood loss. Purpose To determine what role, if any, prophylactic temporary balloon occlusion and transcatheter embolization of the anterior division of the internal iliac arteries plays in the management of patients with placenta accreta/percreta. Methods The records of 28 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of placenta accreta/percreta were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups. Six patients underwent prophylactic temporary balloon occlusion, followed by cesarean section, transcatheter embolization of the anterior division of the internal iliac arteries and cesarean hysterectomy (n = 5) or uterine curettage (n = 1). Twenty-two patients underwent cesarean hysterectomy without endovascular intervention. The following parameters were compared in the two groups: patient age, gravidity, parity, gestational age at delivery, days in the intensive care unit after delivery, total hospital days, volume of transfused blood products, volume of fluid replacement intraoperatively, operating room time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results Patients in the embolization group had more frequent episodes of third trimester bleeding requiring admission and bedrest prior to delivery (16.7 days vs. 2.9 days), resulting in significantly more hospitalization time in the embolization group (23 days vs. 8.8 days) and delivery at an earlier gestational age than in those in the surgical group (32.5 weeks). There was no statistical difference in mean estimated blood loss, volume of replaced blood products, fluid replacement needs, operating room time or postoperative recovery time. Conclusion Our findings do not support the contention that in patients with placenta accreta/percreta, prophylactic temporary balloon occlusion and embolization prior to hysterectomy diminishes intraoperative blood loss.     

改良胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入诊断价值的研究

目的探讨改良产前胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法产前进行超声胎盘评分产妇共144例,按照产后病理和临床诊断分为植入组(植入组又分为粘连型、植入型、穿透型)和非植入组,按改良产前胎盘超声评分量表评分,绘制ROC曲线计算界值,应用特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、产后诊断符合率等指标对比分析改良评分法和种氏评分法两种方法对胎盘植入不同类型的诊断效能。结果按改良后产前胎盘超声评分量表,>2分为粘连型胎盘植入;>4分为重型胎盘植入,其中>4分为植入型胎盘植入,>9分为穿透型胎盘植入,即3~4分粘连型可能(敏感度95.0%、特异度73.2%),5~9分植入型可能(敏感度93.2%、特异度75.0%),10分及以上穿透型可能(敏感度100%、特异度97.7%)。改良产前胎盘超声评分量表对胎盘植入各类型产前诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及产后符合率均明显优于原产前胎盘超声评分量表(P<0.05)。结论改良产前胎盘超声评分量表更加合理,能够更好地为临床服务。     

产后胎盘残留的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨产后胎盘残留的MRI特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析16例临床拟诊为产后胎盘植入患者的MRI表现。结果临床或病理证实产后胎盘残留3例、胎盘粘连3例、胎盘植入9例,胎盘穿通1例。MRI确诊14例,2例胎盘粘连误诊为胎盘植入。MRI表现:子宫不同程度增大;结合带局部模糊甚至中断;胎盘附着处子宫肌层较对侧变薄。以子宫肌层为对照,T1WI序列:11例表现为等信号,4例表现为等-高信号,1例表现为高信号;T2WI序列:11例表现为不均匀高信号,内混有内散在的流空低信号血管和线条状低信号小叶间隔,3例表现为高信号,2例表现为低信号。16例均行增强MRI扫描,7例病灶呈不均匀明显强化,类似"花瓣"样、"结节"样,坏死区无强化。4例胎盘植入患者,植入部位伴多发迂曲、增粗流空血管影。结论 MRI能明确诊断产后残留胎盘的特征,判断胎盘植入的程度、位置及深度。     

Placenta previa; MRI as an adjunct to ultrasound in assessment of suspected placental invasion

Objective

Evaluate adding MRI to ultrasound in imaging of placenta previa with suspected placenta accreta.

天花粉治疗胎盘植入23例临床分析

目的探讨天花粉针剂肌肉注射对胎盘植入的治疗作用。方法对23例中期妊娠引产、孕足月经阴道分娩及剖宫产手术后确诊为胎盘植入的患者,采用天花粉肌肉注射的方法治疗,观察治疗后胎盘排出及血清绒毛膜促性腺激素β单位下降情况。结果行子宫次全切除2例,成功21例。胎盘排出时间为16.9±9.5d;血清绒毛膜促性腺激素β单位,恢复正常时间为18.1±7.5d。结论天花粉肌肉注射治疗是胎盘植入保守治疗的有效方法。     

MRI诊断凶险性与非凶险性前置胎盘的临床研究

目的 探讨MRI对凶险性前置胎盘(PPP)与非凶险性前置胎盘(nPPP)及并发胎盘植入的诊断价值.方法 搜集75例行MRI检查并经手术病理诊断为前置胎盘患者,绘制MRI诊断PPP及nPPP(1组)、PPP并胎盘植入(2组)以及nPPP并胎盘植入(3组)的ROC曲线,获得2、3组检查方法的敏感度、特异度及Youden指数.应用确切概率法分析比较PPP与nPPP发生胎盘植入的差异.结果 MRI诊断l组、2组、3组的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.859、0.817、0.509;MRI诊断PPP和nPPP发生胎盘植入的灵敏度、特异度、Youden指数、阳性及阴性预测值分别为77.8％、20.0％,85.7％、81.8％,0.635、0.018,96.6％、50.0％,42.9％、52.9％;比较PPP与nPPP发生胎盘植入差异具有统计学意义P(i)=17.237,P=0.000,＜0.05.结论 MRI在诊断PPP与nPPP、PPP并胎盘植入方面具有较好的诊断效能.PPP合并胎盘植入的发生率高于nPPP.     

Clinical and ultrasound assessment in patients with placenta previa to predict the severity of intrapartum hemorrhage

Objectives

Evaluate whether maternal history and ultrasound can predict massive hemorrhage during cesarean section in placenta praevia.

Study design

Sixty singleton pregnant women with persistent placenta praevia (after 28 weeks’ gestation) were prospectively enrolled in this study.Comprehensive maternal history and findings obtained by antenatal ultrasound, including placental location, presence of lacunae, lack of a clear zone, abnormal color Doppler indices were reviewed, and their effect on the severity of maternal hemorrhage during cesarean section was analyzed.

Results

Twenty two cases had massive intra operative hemorrhage, among them 20 patients were confirmed to have placenta accreta and its variants (including increta and percreta) at the time of cesarean delivery.For diagnosis of severe bleeding (>1500 ml), the sensitivity of previous uterine surgery, abnormal color Doppler and lack of clear zone was high (95.5%, 81.8%, 81.8% respectively) while sensitivity of presence of lacunae was low (36.4%). And the specificity of abnormal color Doppler, lack of clear zone and presence of lacunae was high (94.7%, 94.7%, 97.4% respectively) while of previous uterine surgery was low (36.8%).

Conclusion

Prenatal maternal history and ultrasound examination can predict the amount of intraoperative hemorrhage and reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients with placenta previa.     

探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象

目的探讨高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素及MRI价值征象。方法91例高危孕妇,年龄23~44岁、平均年龄32岁;孕周27~38.5周、平均孕周36.2周;分别分析临床资料及MRI宫内征象1)胎盘异常增厚及胎盘内T2WI低信号带;2)胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断;3)子宫肌层变薄及局部膨隆。最终诊断结果均经手术及病理证实。采用卡方检验比较临床高危因素及MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入与对照组间以及MRI宫内征象在胎盘植入组内的统计学差异。结果41/91例为胎盘植入,其中26例浅植入(胎盘粘连)、13例胎盘深植入、2例胎盘穿透,余50例阴性。临床资料剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次、前置胎盘以及上述MRI宫内征象在总体胎盘植入组间均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。其中胎盘T2WI低信号带(P=0.015)、胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断(P=0.007)、子宫肌层变薄(P=0.000)及局部膨隆(P=0.006)在胎盘植入组内具有统计学差异。结论剖宫产和/或流产史次数大于等于2次及前置胎盘是高危孕妇胎盘植入的临床危险因素。上述MRI宫内征象均为高危孕妇胎盘植入的价值征象。其中胎盘与肌层分界线不连续或中断,是胎盘浅植入的敏感征象。除胎盘异常增厚外,余下MRI宫内价值征象出现越多,提示胎盘植入越深,危险性越大。     

A pregnant lady with intermittent vaginal bleeding (2007: 3b)

Placenta percreta is a potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy, which is increasing in incidence. Ante-natal diagnosis with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging aids the obstetric team in planning further management. We present a case of placenta percreta with imaging and a brief review of the literature.