半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C在心脏术后急性肾损伤早期诊断的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)在预测和诊断心脏术后急性肾损伤(AKI)中的价值.方法 前瞻性收集我院132例接受心肺旁路手术的病人,每位病人术前及术后每天采集血标本.同时应用酶法测血清肌酐(Scr),用颗粒增强透射免疫比浊法(PETIA)检测血清Cystatin C,用MDRD公式估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR).AKI运用ADQI的RIFLE标准进行诊断(R:Scr升高≥50%基础值,I:Scr升高≥100%基础值,F:Scr升高≥200%基础值,L:肾功能丧失;E:终末期肾脏病);同时AKI也按Cystatin C≥50%、≥100%和200%的标准进行诊断.结果 29(21.9%)例病人发生不同程度AKI,其中10例经历R标准,12例经历I标准,7例经历F标准.其余103例没有发生AKI的病人作为对照组.AKI病人的Cystatin C较非AKI病人显著升高(P<0.001),AKI病人的Cystatin C与Scr(r=0.732,P<0.001)、[Cystatin C]-1与eGFR(r=0.803,P<0.001)成明显线性相关.分别按照Cystati nC和Scr两种方法 诊断AKI,不同程度AKI诊断的中位时间是:R标准的10例病人分别为2 d(1-4 d)和3 d(2～5 d)(P=0.014),I标准12例病人分别为3.5 d(1～6 d)和5 d(2～8 d)(P=0.008),F标准7例病人分别为5 d(3～7 d)和6.5 d(4～9 d)(P=0.02).ROC分析证实Cystatin C在AKI诊断中的准确性高(曲线下面积为0.992).当以Cystatin C升高≥50%作为AKI的诊断截点时.Cystatin C在AKI诊断中的敏感性和特异性分别为92%和95%.结论 Cystatin C可作为心肺旁路手术后AKI的诊断指标:Cystatin C在AKI的诊断时间上较Scr早,它可能作为AKI的早期预测指标之一.     

Blood donation and risk of post-transfusion hepatitis

A survey was conducted among 300 blood donors of urban and rural population (the Sunderbans) and paid donors to evaluate the nutritional status, serum proteins, immunoglobulin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on the persistence of carrier state for post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). Paid donors showed lowering of serum albumin and elevation of immunoglobulin and ALT. Nutritional and immunoglobulin profiles of rural donors of the Sunderbans, differed from those of voluntary donors of urban area. In the presence of subclinical hepatitis, ALT measurement alone is not a reliable guide for identification of individual carriers.     

心脏外科术后谵妄

谵妄是心脏外科术后较为常见的并发症,随着老龄化的加重,该并发症的发生率呈上升趋势.谵妄不仅延长患者住院和康复时间,而且还可能增大其他并发症的发生风险,影响患者预后,应该引起足够重视.本文就近年来心脏术后谵妄的检测方法、发病率、相关危险因素、干预措施及预后等方面的进展作一综述.     

心脏术后患者精神障碍分析

目的 :为提高对心脏术后并发精神障碍的预防和诊治水平。　方法 :分析心脏手术后发生精神障碍的危险因素、临床表现、治疗方法、疗效及预后。　结果 :本组病例并发精神障碍的发生率为 4 81% (6 2 / 12 89) ,5 9例患者治愈 ,3例死亡。　结论 :术前的危险因素有高龄、心功能水平低下等 ;术中因素有手术类型、体外循环及其时间、手术及转流技术 ;术后因素包括ICU停留时间、气管插管持续时间、过度刺激、药物的滥用以及心肺功能不全、感染等。治疗包括 :①找出并消除潜在的致病因素 ;②按精神病学疾病治疗 ,以控制精神症状及行为障碍     

Clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma in a Singapore national cardiac centre

INTRODUCTIONCardiac myxoma is the most common cardiac tumour. In this study, we summarise our 17-year experience with the clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma at National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.METHODSBetween January 2000 and December 2016, retrospective data was reviewed for all consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of cardiac myxoma. Patients’ clinical characteristics were reviewed and described.RESULTSA total of 67 (18 male, 49 female; mean age 53.1 ± 13.5 years) patients underwent cardiac myxoma resection. There were 19 (28.4%) patients with asymptomatic cardiac myxoma. There were no significant differences in gender; body habitus and myxoma size; and haemoglobin, white blood cell or platelet counts between patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic myxoma. However, the number of asymptomatic cardiac myxomas seemed to follow an increasing trend from 19.4% (period 2000–2008) to 36.1% (period 2009–2016), suggestive of an ‘era effect’.CONCLUSIONIn our study, a majority of patients were women, with a wide age range of 18–78 years. The diagnosis of asymptomatic cardiac myxoma was present in 28.4% of patients, with an increasing trend for incidence over the years. This is possibly due to increased opportunistic screening (with electrocardiography and clinical examination) as well as higher usage of medical imaging.     

输血后丙型肝炎60例临床分析

目的：探讨输血后丙型肝炎患者疾病转归及治疗效果。方法：选择本院2001年1月～2009年12月收治的输血后丙型肝炎患者60例,分析其病情进展及临床治疗效果。结果：所有患者均诊断为输血后慢性丙型肝炎,至入院时已发展为肝硬化18例,发展为肝癌12例;入院时即有肝硬化者18例,治疗好转率为11.11%,入院时未出现肝硬化者42例,治疗好转率为54.76%,未合并肝硬化者治疗有效率高于已合并肝硬化者,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=5.37,P〈0.05）。60例患者治疗有效率为41.67%。结论：血液采集前需严格检查,严格掌握输血适应证,预防输血导致丙型肝炎病毒的感染,患者感染丙型肝炎病毒后,需常规进行保肝、抗纤维化治疗,以延缓病情进展,提高患者生存质量。     

Atrial fibrillation as a nonpsychiatric predictor of delirium after cardiac surgery: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of cardiac surgery and the occurrence of postoperative complications, including arrhythmias, low-output syndrome, delirium, and death. The aim was to evaluate its direct influence on prognosis of patients subjected to cardiac surgery. MATERIAL/METHODS: This is a pilot study of the CODACS trial (COnsciousness Disorders After Cardiac Surgery). Two hundred sixty patients admitted for open-heart surgery were prospectively included in the study. Preoperative AF was diagnosed on the basis of multiple electrocardiographic examinations and confirmed by 24-h Holter monitoring. Diagnosis of delirium following surgical intervention was based on DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: Preoperative AF was diagnosed in 23 patients (8.8%): in 15 patients in the nondelirious group (7%) and 8 (27.0%) in the delirious group. Preoperative AF was an independent predictor of postoperative delirium (p<0.001), increasing its risk of occurrence over sevenfold (OR=7.2). AF also increased the risk of such postoperative complications as supraventricular arrhythmia (AF: 78.3% vs. non-AF: 22.8%, p<0.001), stroke (8.7% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001), and low-output syndrome (21.7% vs. 17.3%, p=0.033) and worsened prognosis, significantly increasing the risk of death (8.7% vs. 0.8%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative AF was an independent risk factor of postoperative delirium (OR=7.2). It was also associated with significantly worse postoperative outcome (supraventricular arrhythmia, stroke, low-output syndrome, and risk of death). These results and data from available studies suggest that preoperative AF should be considered as an important predictor of postoperative outcome. This problem should be the subject of future research to establish beneficial treatment options.     

氨甲环酸对心脏手术后出血量及并发症影响的对照研究

目的:观察氨甲环酸对心脏手术后出血量的影响.方法:根据临床停止使用抑肽酶的时间,将560例行心脏手术患者分为抑肽酶组(n=303)和氨甲环酸组(n=257),对两组术后失血量、二次开胸止血率、输血量、急性肾功能不全及低心排综合征发生率等进行比较.结果:术后24 h出血量氨甲环酸组为(578.5±386.0) ml,抑肽酶组为(629.3±366.7) ml,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.111).二次开胸止血率氨甲环酸组为3.9%,抑肽酶组为4.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.730).术后红细胞需求量氨甲环酸组为(2.39±6.20) U,抑肽酶组为(2.08±4.92) U;血浆需求量氨甲环酸组为(1.58±4.85)100 ml,抑肽酶组为(1.67±4.88)100 ml;血小板需求量氨甲环酸组为(1.19±5.12)10 U,抑肽酶组为(1.51±5.29)10 U,两组差异均无统计学意义(分别P=0.149、0.355、0.797).结论:心脏手术中应用氨甲环酸可有效减少术后出血量及血制品需求量,其效果与抑肽酶相似.     

心脏手术后神经系统合并症

心脏手术后神经系统合并症毕齐张茁心脏手术后神经系统合并症是手术后最常见和严重的合并症之一,为增强心脏外科临床医生对该合并症的认识,本文就有关问题综述如下。一、心脏手术后合并脑血管病１．手术后脑血管病的发病率：心脏手术后脑血管病发病率各家报告不一。先天...     

心脏术后发生MODS伴ARF时机体氧化应激状态的初步研究

目的初步观察经体外循环心脏术后多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)伴急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者的氧化应激水平,为临床治疗提供理论基础。方法测定16例经体外循环心脏术后MODS伴ARF患者及16例健康人的血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(TAC),同时对患者进行MODS评分,并将评分与氧化应激参数进行相关性分析。结果116例患者,8例存活,8例死亡(病死率50%);2与健康对照组相比,MODS伴ARF组在性别、年龄方面无显著性差异,TAC,SOD代偿性升高,但GSH-Px明显下降,MDA显著升高。3MDA同MODS评分呈正相关;GSH-Px同MODS评分呈负相关。SOD、TAC同评分无明显相关性。结论1经体外循环心脏手术后MODS伴ARF的患者发生了氧化应激。2监测MDA和GSH-Px有助于判断病情。3在MODS伴ARF的治疗中,有必要采用各种治疗措施恢复机体的氧化抗氧化。     

心脏手术后早期脑血管病并发症的临床研究

目的 探讨心脏手术后脑血管病并发症的发生、死亡、种类、危险因素以及防治方法。方法 回顾分析了１０１７３例心脏手术后各种神经系统并发症的总发生率，重点统计脑血管病并发症的发生率、死亡率和种类，并与对照组进行比较分析。结果 心脏手术后神经系并发症的总发生率为１．４４％，其中脑血管病占５９．５８％。脑血管病并发症中脑栓塞占３９．０８％，脑血栓形成占２８．７４％，脑出血占１１．４９％，人造瓣膜心内膜感染并     

Predictors of employment status after cardiac surgery

Preoperative predictors of postoperative employment status were studied in 228 patients (aged 25 to 64 years) who underwent cardiac surgery. Of the 150 patients working in the year before surgery, 73% returned within six months. Of those not so employed, 18% started working. Patients who expected preoperatively to return to work did so at an 82% rate compared with 39% of the others. This was a strong predictor in the multiple regression analysis. Educational level and family income were stronger predictors than occupation or level of physical exertion required. Rates of return were higher in patients with less severe angina and less fatigue preoperatively, but did not differ significantly by sex, surgical procedure, or duration of illness. Seven variables predicted work status correctly for 86% of persons. These results suggest that determinants of return to work are largely present before surgery and that patients' attitudes and expectations play an important role.     

The quality of life after cardiac surgery

A follow-up study to assess the quality of life after cardiac surgery was begun in 1973. The results, for a total of 383 patients followed up for a maximum of 44 months after surgery, showed an overall improvement in all aspects of life for most patients.     

维持性血液透析病人感染丙型肝炎的前瞻性研究

评价血液透析病人ＨＣＶ阳转率和危险因素。方法随访１９９５年６月－１９９６年１２月在本院透析的１９９例血透病人,均未隔离抗－ＨＣＶ阳性病人。采用敏感的ＥＬＩＳＡ２每隔３个月在同一实验室检测。结果１９９５年６月的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为５８．７％,每隔半年的阳性率分别为５３．７％,５４．８％和５０．０％。     

去甲肾上腺素在成人心脏手术后的早期应用

目的 探讨去甲肾上腺素在体外循环心脏手术后的早期应用对循环、肾脏功能方面的影响.方法 选择2008年1月～2010年6月成人心脏手术后早期应用去甲肾上腺素的病例43例,临床表现为容量依赖,常有短时尿量多,和(或)引流液多,末梢温暖,但积极补充血容量,循环仍难维持等情况,应用去甲肾上腺素前后对心率、平均动脉血压、中心静脉压、尿量、血清肌酐值等方面进行比较.结果 应用后心率较应用前有显著性下降(P<0.01),应用后血压较前有显著性升高(P<0.01),中心静脉压和平均每小时尿量在应用前后均无显著性变化(P=0.437>0.05;P=0.063>0.05),血清肌酐浓度在应用去甲肾上腺素后较前有显著性升高(P<0.01),但无一例出现急性肾功能衰竭.结论 在成人心脏手术后早期出现血管扩张性(或麻痹性)休克,应用去甲肾上腺素能支持循环功能,保证肾灌注,是可行和安全的.     

社会贫困与心脏手术不良预后 重点关注贫困人群的术后心脏康复

有观察性研究显示,贫困地区的患者在医学干预之后的健康状况、生活质量和转归都比以前更差。这些不平等似乎可以归咎于与各种外科手术相关的私人和国家医疗制度。。英国国家卫生医疗服务体系（NHS）成立的主旨就是为了纠正不同社会经济背景人群的不平衡的健康状况。然而,在NHS成立60多年后的今天,我们仍然无法在社会健康问题上实现真正的公平,这一现状让政策制定者和医疗界陷入困境。大规模疾病登记处和手术登记处的出现．很可能会继续凸显上述不平等。     

Obesity and early complications after cardiac surgery

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of obesity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve surgery, or both procedures, and its association with postoperative outcomes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of data, collected by the Australasian Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons Victorian Cardiac Surgery Database Project, on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve surgery, or both procedures, between 1 June 2001 and 31 January 2006. PARTICIPANTS: 11 736 patients divided into four groups: underweight (body mass index [BMI], < 20), normal weight (BMI, 20-30), obese (BMI, > 30 to < 40), and morbidly obese (BMI, >/= 40). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of obesity (compared with the age- and sex-matched adult Australian population); associations between obesity and morbid obesity in cardiac patients and adverse postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: 30.4% of patients had a BMI > 30 (28.6% obese, 1.8% morbidly obese) compared with an expected prevalence of 21.2%. Morbid obesity was associated with prolonged ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.7), readmission to intensive care (adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.1), and length of stay > 14 days (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3). Both obesity and morbid obesity were associated with renal failure (adjusted ORs, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1-1.7] and 2.9 [95% CI, 1.7-4.9], respectively) and deep sternal wound infection (adjusted ORs, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.5-3.8] and 7.2 [95% CI, 2.8-18.7], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is 1.4 times more prevalent in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting or heart valve surgery in Victoria compared with the general adult Australian population. Both obesity and morbid obesity are associated with early morbidity, but not mortality, after operation.