Evaluation of hyperreflective foci as a prognostic factor of visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion

AIM: To evaluate the potential role of hyperreflective foci (HF) as a prognostic indicator of visual outcome in patients with macular edema (ME) due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 50 eyes of 50 patients with ME due to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), non-ischemic CRVO and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) who were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) at Beijing Tongren Eye Center from January 2013 to July 2016. All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline and follow-up. Such factors were evaluated and compared among three groups as baseline and final BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), external limiting membrane (ELM) status and the numbers of HF in different position. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between baseline HF and final BCVA. Changes of HF before and after treatment were evaluated too. RESULTS: Among three groups, HF could be located in each retinal layers, as well as in vitreous cavity. The mean HF in outer retinal layer (ORL) at baseline was 5.29±8.48 in ischemic CRVO with intact ELM, 1.93±2.76 in non-ischemic CRVO, and 1.75±2.05 in BRVO. With disrupted ELM, the mean HF in ORL increased. There was statistically difference of HF in ORL between intact and disrupted ELM. The numbers of HF in ORL were associated with poor visual outcome among three groups. However, HF in inner retinal layer (IRL) and vitreous cavity were not associated with poor visual outcome. Meanwhile, the baseline HF in ORL and vitreous cavity reduced significantly in non-ischemic CRVO and BRVO after anti-VEGF treatment. CONCLUSION: The numbers of HF in ORL are prognostic factors associated with the final BCVA in patients with ME due to RVO after anti-VEGF treatment.     

地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物治疗视网膜静脉阻塞

目的：比较地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物与抗VEGF药物单药治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)的疗效和安全性。

方法：选取2019-06/2020-12在厦门大学附属厦门眼科中心确诊为视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)或视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)继发黄斑水肿的患者133例133眼,其中CRVO-ME患者48眼,BRVO-ME患者85眼。将纳入患者随机分组,其中单药治疗组66眼接受每月注射康柏西普1次,连续3mo,之后每月复诊; 联合治疗组67眼接受地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂注射1次,1wk后注射康柏西普1次,之后每月复诊。随访6mo,观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和中央视网膜厚度(CRT)改善情况,记录康柏西普注射次数及与玻璃体腔注射治疗相关的眼部及全身不良事件发生情况。

结果：治疗后1、2、3、6mo,两组患者BCVA和CRT均较治疗前显著改善,但两组间BCVA和CRT改善程度均无差异(P>0.05)。首次玻璃体腔注射至治疗6mo时,单药治疗组和联合治疗组康柏西普玻璃体腔注射次数分别为3.56±0.12、2.96±0.17次,联合治疗组注射次数显著低于单药治疗组(P=0.004)。随访期间,联合治疗组高眼压和白内障发生率均高于单药治疗组。

结论：地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂联合抗VEGF药物是治疗RVO-ME的有效方法,可显著改善视力,降低CRT,该治疗方案可在减少抗VEGF药物注射次数的同时达到与抗VEGF药物单药治疗相似的疗效,但需要监控眼压变化及白内障进展情况。     

Photocoagulation for retinal vein occlusion

The role of photocoagulation in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has been studied since 1974. The most serious complications of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) are: (i) visual deterioration, most commonly due to macular edema, and (ii) the development of ocular neovascularization (NV), particularly neovascular glaucoma (NVG), with hazardous consequences for vision and even the eye itself.Before discussing the role of photocoagulation in the management of NV and macular edema in RVO, it is crucial to gain a basic scientific understanding of the following relevant issues: classification of RVO, ocular NV in RVO, and the natural history of macular edema and visual outcome of RVO. These topics are discussed.In CRVO, ocular NV is a complication of ischemic CRVO but not of nonischemic CRVO. Photocoagulation has been advocated to prevent and/or treat the development of ocular NV and NVG. Since NVG is the most dreaded, intractable and blinding complication of ischemic CRVO, the role of photocoagulation and its management are discussed. Findings of three randomized, prospective clinical trials dealing with photocoagulation in ischemic CRVO are discussed.The role of photocoagulation in the management of ocular NV and macular edema in BRVO, and three randomized, prospective clinical trials dealing with those are discussed.Recent advent of intravitreal anti-VEGF and corticosteroid therapies has drastically changed the role of photocoagulation in the management of macular edema and NV in CRVO and BRVO. This is discussed in detail.     

Functional and anatomical results after a single intravitreal Ozurdex injection in retinal vein occlusion: a 6‐month follow‐up – The SOLO study

Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in eyes with cystoid macular oedema (CME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the clinical everyday practice, examine the effects of early retreatment and compare the results with the GENEVA study. Methods:  The charts of 102 patients (102 eyes) with CME secondary to BRVO (n = 54) or CRVO (n = 48) treated with Ozurdex at 8 centres were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were examined monthly over a 24‐week period. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, measurement of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and measurement of the central retinal thickness (CRT) with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were performed at baseline and at every follow‐up examination. With progression of the disease (loss of one line or increased central retinal thickness (CRT) of 150 μm), a reinjection of Ozurdex or anti‐VEGF was offered. Additional supplementing sectorial or panretinal laser photocoagulation was considered based on the individual status of the retina. Results:  In the BRVO group, the median BCVA was 0.6 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.25) at baseline and improved to 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.40) after 4 weeks, 0.3 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.50) after 8 weeks, 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.40) after 12 weeks, 0.5 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.32) after 16 weeks, 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.40) after 20 weeks and 0.45 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.35) after 24 weeks. The mean CRT was 559 ± (SD) 209 μm at baseline and it decreased to 335 ± 148 μm after 4 weeks, 316 ± 137 μm after 8 weeks, 369 ± 126 μm after 12 weeks, 407 ± 161 μm after 16 weeks, 399 ± 191 μm after 20 weeks and 419 ± 196 μm after 24 weeks. In the CRVO group, the median BCVA was 0.7 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.20) at baseline and improved to 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.40) after 4 weeks, 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.40) after 8 weeks, 0.6 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.25) after 12 weeks, 0.6 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.25) after 16 weeks, 0.5 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.32) after 20 weeks and 0.52 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 0.30) after 24 weeks. The mean CRT at baseline was 740 ± 351 μm and it decreased to 419 ± 315 μm after 4 weeks, 352 ± 261 μm after 8 weeks, 455 ± 251 μm after 12 weeks, 497 ± 280 μm after 16 weeks, 468 ± 301 μm after 20 weeks and 395 ± 234 μm after 24 weeks. The BCVA improvement was statistically significantly better (p < 0.05) compared with baseline in both groups at every follow‐up visit. The mean CRT maintained significantly better when compared with baseline in both groups at all follow‐up visits. Early reinjection was indicated in BRVO in 40.7% after 17.5 ± 4.2 weeks and in CRVO in 50% after 17.68 ± 4.2. Six eyes (11%) with BRVO received a sectorial laser photocoagulation at a mean interval of 22 ± 5.0 weeks. Seven eyes (15%) with CRVO received a panretinal laser photocoagulation after a mean interval of 18 ± 7.0 weeks. The BCVA improvement and the mean CRT reduction were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared with baseline in both groups at every follow‐up visit. Conclusions:  Dexamethasone intravitreal implant resulted in a significant improvement of the BCVA and reduction of CME in patients with BRVO or CRVO. Early retreatment after 16 weeks instead of 24 weeks, like in the GENEVA study, was indicated in 50% to stabilize the improved functional and anatomical results.     

Clinical,anatomical, and electrophysiological assessments of the central retina following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term visual, anatomical and electrophysiological outcomes of repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and investigate any possible toxic effects on the central fovea. This is a prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with macular edema secondary to RVO were treated with 1.25 mg/0.05 ml intravitreal bevacizumab. Nine patients had nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 24 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) responses changes at baseline, 1 month after the third injection and at the end of the 2-year long follow-up period. Patients with CRVO had mean best-corrected Snellen visual acuity of 0.10 at baseline, which improved significantly to 0.31 after 2 years (P = 0. 028).The mean CRT at presentation was 756.28 μm and reduced significantly to 439.14 μm after 2 years (P = 0.05). Patients with BRVO had mean best-corrected Snellen visual acuity of 0.19 at baseline, which improved significantly to 0.40 after 2 years (P < 0.001). The mean CRT at presentation was 681.04 μm and reduced significantly to 369.81 μm after 2 years (P < 0.001). Mean mfERG responses within central 10° (ring1, ring2) showed statistically significant differences on P1 parameters in terms of response density and implicit time after 2 years in both CRVO and BRVO patients. Repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injections for macular edema due to either CRVO or BRVO resulted in long-term improvement of visual acuity, a reduction in CRT and statistically significant changes in the mfERG responses with nondemonstrable toxic effects on the central fovea.     

Long-term follow-up of OCT-guided bevacizumab treatment of macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion

Background

To evaluate the long-term outcome of an OCT-guided reinjection scheme for bevacizumab treatment of macular edema (ME) due to retinal vein occlusion.

Methods

Patients with persistent ME (>250 μm) due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) received intravitreal bevacizumab 2.5 mg/0.1 ml. Visual acuity (ETDRS), ophthalmic examination and OCT were performed at baseline and at 6- to 8-week intervals. Reinjections were only performed if OCT showed persistent or recurrent ME.

Results

Sixty-one patients with a minimum follow-up of 25 weeks were included in this analysis. Mean follow-up was 60?±?29 wks. In CRVO patients, central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 748?±?265 µm to 372?±?224 µm (p?<?0.001) and visual acuity (VA) improved by 1.9?±?3.2 lines. In BRVO patients, mean CRT decreased from 601?±?206 µm to 386?±?178 µm (p?<?0.001) and VA improved by 1.8?±?2.6 lines. Thirty-three percent of CRVO and 15% of BRVO patients did not show a ME recurrence for ≥25 wks at last visit. Thirty-seven percent of CRVO and 50% of BRVO patients suffered recurrences of ME within the last 25 wks, whereas 30% of CRVO and 35% of BRVO patients did not achieve a complete resolution of ME at any follow-up visit after receiving a minimum of three injections. CRVO patients with dry interval of ≥25 weeks at last visit were significantly younger, had a thinner CRT at baseline and more often had a complete resolution of ME after the first injection. In CRVO and BRVO, final VA was correlated significantly with initial VA, patients’ age and final CRT. Change of VA was correlated with change of CRT in BRVO.

Conclusions

Patients with retinal vein occlusion benefit from treatment with bevacizumab. Favourable long-term results without necessity of further injections were achieved in 33% and 15% of CRVO and BRVO patients respectively. The remaining patients needed repeated injections to treat ME recurrences. However, one third of the CRVO/BRVO patients did not improve in VA, and further injections might be discontinued in these patients.     

Improved visual outcome with early treatment in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions: 6-month results of a Korean RVO study

Purpose

To determine the correlation between the duration of macular edema (ME) and visual outcomes among Korean patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods

Multicenter, interventional case series. Treatment-naive patients (n = 249) with branch or central RVO (BRVO/CRVO) and ME for <6 months were included. We assessed the correlation between the duration of ME and treatment outcomes including the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA) improvement, the proportion of patients achieving at least a 3-line gain in BCVA, and the mean reduction in central retinal thickness (CRT) at 6 months.

Results

One hundred and fifty-six patients with BRVO and 93 patients with CRVO were divided into five groups based on the duration of ME (<2, 2–4 weeks, 1–2, 2–3, 3–6 months); the mean baseline BCVA and CRT among the groups did not differ significantly. In BRVO, the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA improvements in the groups were 0.51, 0.32, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.13, respectively (P = 0.002). The respective percentages of at least 3-line gains were 64, 53, 39, 38, and 21 % (P < 0.001). The BCVA didn’t significantly improve in CRVO. The decrease in CRT was not correlated significantly with the duration of ME in either disease.

Conclusions

Treatment of BRVO as early as 2 weeks after onset of ME enhanced the visual outcome; there was no correlation in the patients with CRVO. This finding supports the current trend favoring early treatment to obtain better visual outcomes in patients with BRVO.     

Intravitreal ranibizumab for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective study of 34 eyes

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (Lucentis) in eyes with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: The files of consecutive patients (34 eyes, 15 CRVO, 19 BRVO) were retrospectively analysed. Intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab were administered; retreatment was based on acuity visual changes and optical coherence tomography findings. Patients received 2–4 injections (mean, 2.1). Mean follow‐up was 7 months. Results: After the first injection, mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/160 to 20/80 and mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased significantly from 549 to 301 μm (p < 0.01). For each injection, BCVA improvement was on average nine letters (p < 0.01) and macular oedema reduction was 195 μm CRT (p < 0.01). The decrease in CRT was similar in CRVO and BRVO, but the improvement in BCVA was larger in BRVO. No local or systemic adverse effect was detected. Final visual acuity was correlated to initial visual acuity and to visual acuity measured after the first injection. The change in CRT was correlated to the number of injections and to initial CRT. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab appeared to be a safe and effective option in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Nevertheless, because the natural course has demonstrated a possible improvement in vision in almost one quarter of affected eyes at 3 years, further controlled and prospective studies are necessary to compare this treatment to the natural course with a longer follow‐up.     

红花黄色素注射液联合抗VEGF药物治疗非缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞

目的：分析红花黄色素注射液联合抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物治疗非缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)的疗效和安全性。

方法：选取2017-04/2021-12于南昌大学附属眼科医院接受治疗的非缺血性CRVO合并黄斑水肿患者91例91眼，随机分为观察组(47例47眼，采用红花黄色素注射液联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗)和对照组(44例44眼，采用玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗)。随访11mo，观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)改善情况，并记录视网膜出血完全吸收、抗VEGF药物注射次数、缺血性CRVO发生情况及全身和眼部并发症发生情况。

结果：治疗后1、2、3、5、7、9、11mo，两组患者BCVA和CRT均较治疗前显著改善，且治疗后3、5、7、9、11mo，观察组患者BCVA和CRT均优于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后5、7、9、11mo时，观察组患者视网膜出血完全吸收率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。随访期间，观察组患者抗VEGF药物注射次数明显少于对照组(4.83±1.05次 vs 5.75±1.01次，P<0.05)，缺血性CRVO发生率明显低于对照组(21% vs 86%，P<0.05)，且两组患者均未出现与治疗相关的全身和眼部并发症。

结论：红花黄色素注射液联合抗VEGF药物是治疗非缺血性CRVO安全有效的方法，可显著改善视力，降低CRT，该治疗方案与抗VEGF药物单药治疗相比可增加视网膜出血完全吸收率、减少抗VEGF药物注射次数、减少缺血性CRVO发生率。     

量化OCTA在视网膜静脉阻塞中的应用

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)测量视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)患者黄斑区血流密度、黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积和黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度。方法:选取RVO患者30例30眼,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)和视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)患者各15例,双眼接受OCTA检查,获取黄斑中心3mm×3mm大小范围的血流密度、FAZ面积、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,以及双眼最佳矫正视力(BCVA)。比较患眼与健眼上述指标的变化及其与BCVA的相关性。结果:CRVO患者患眼黄斑区视网膜浅层毛细血管网(SVN)、深层毛细血管网(DVN)总血流密度较健眼降低[SVN:(43.07±4.95)%vs(50.09±2.86)%,DVN:(45.89±4.12)%vs(53.29±2.62)%,均P<0.01],与BCVA呈负相关(r_s=-0.6、-0.5,均P<0.05)。BRVO患者患眼SVN、DVN总血流密度较健眼降低[SVN:(45.62±3.04)%vs(52.10±2.98%),DVN:(49.21±3.80)%vs(55.52±3.33%),均P<0.01],与BCVA呈负相关(r_s=-0.5、-0.5,均P<0.05)。BRVO患眼病变区域与患眼未病变区域、健眼对应区域比较,SVN、DVN血流密度均下降(均P<0.01);患眼未病变区域DVN血流密度较健眼相应区域下降[(56.86±1.95)%vs(58.15±2.24)%,P=0.02];患眼病变区域DVN血流密度与BCVA呈负相关(r_s=-0.6,P=0.01)。CRVO、BRVO患眼SVN的FAZ面积较健眼明显扩大(CRVO:0.515±0.26mm²vs 0.27±0.08mm²,P<0.01;BRVO:0.376±0.12mm²vs 0.261±0.07mm²,P<0.01),且均与BCVA呈正相关(CRVO:r_s=0.6,P=0.01;BRVO:r_s=0.5,P=0.01)。CRVO、BRVO患眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较健眼增加(CRVO:431.2±191.3μm vs 235.5±18.2μm,P<0.01;BRVO:373.2±188.7μm vs 233.8±13.7μm,P=0.01),均与BCVA呈正相关(CRVO:r_s=0.9,P=0.01;BRVO:r_s=0.6,P=0.01)。结论:OCTA可作为测量RVO患者黄斑区血流密度、FAZ面积及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的有效工具。     

Aqueous levels of erythropoietin in acute retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

AIM: To investigate the aqueous erythropoietin (EPO) levels and associated factors in patients with acute retinal vein occlusion (RVO).METHODS:The aqueous EPO level was measured in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to acute branched retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Aqueous fluid from cataract patients served as the control. We also evaluated whether aqueous level of EPO was associated with factors such as serum EPO level, non-perfusion area, central macular thickness (CMT), and arterio-venous (AV) transit timeRESULTS:Twenty-seven RVO patients (16 BRVO, 11 CRVO) and 9 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The aqueous EPO level (mU/mL) was higher in RVO (68.2±54.3) than that in the control subjects (12.9±5.9). More specifically, the aqueous EPO level was higher in CRVO (118.9±52.1) than that in BRVO (33.3±10.8). However, no differences were found in serum EPO levels among three groups. CMT in RVO patients had a positive correlation with the aqueous EPO level (r=0.66). Also, in terms of non-perfusion area, the aqueous EPO levels were more elevated in the ischemic subgroup than in the non-ischemic subgroup in both BRVO and CRVO.CONCLUSION:Aqueous EPO levels are elevated in patients with macular edema secondary to recent onset RVO. Patients with CRVO have higher EPO levels than those with BRVO. The aqueous EPO level in RVO has a positive correlation with CMT and is associated with non-perfusion area. These results suggest that the aqueous EPO level could be associated with retinal ischemia and may be involved in the pathogenesis of macular edema secondary to RVO.     

疏血通联合玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗和激光光凝治疗BRVO伴黄斑水肿

目的：探讨疏血通注射液联合玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗、激光光凝治疗视网膜分支膜静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)继发黄斑水肿(macular edema,ME)的疗效。

方法：将2015-01/2016-12就诊的BRVO继发ME患者70例70眼采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例35眼。对照组行玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗联合激光光凝治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用疏血通注射液。比较两组治疗3mo临床疗效、并发症。治疗1wk,1、3mo复查最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)。

结果：观察组总有效率为91%,略高于对照组的80%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 观察组显效率为43%,高于对照组的20%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后1wk,1、3mo BCVA水平、CMT均降低,较治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后1wk,1、3mo LogMAR BCVA水平、CMT低于对照组同期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：疏血通注射液联合玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗、激光光凝治疗BRVO继发ME可有效降低CMT,提高视力水平,且安全性高。     

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度变化研究

目的　研究视网膜中央静脉阻塞（central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO）和视网膜分支静脉阻塞（branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO）继发黄斑水肿(ME)患者黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(subfoveal choroidal thickness,SFCT)的变化情况,并探讨单次玻璃体内注射康柏西普后的短期反应。方法　回顾性病例对照研究。选取2019年6月至2020年6月在我院接受治疗的31例视网膜静脉阻塞继发ME的初治患者,根据发病类型分为CRVO组（16例16眼）和BRVO组（15例15眼）。所有患者在确诊后均接受玻璃体内注射康柏西普治疗。分别在康柏西普注射前和注射后2周测量两组SFCT并比较。结果　CRVO组注射前患眼的SFCT为（319.73±19.28）μm,较对侧健眼［（255.13±16.15）μm］明显增厚,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);注射后2周患眼的SFCT迅速降为（283.33±21.61）μm,与注射前相比差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。BRVO组注射前患眼SFCT为（310.31±19.41）μm,较对侧健眼［（255.31±21.69）μm］明显增厚;注射后2周患眼的SFCT迅速下降为（266.56±16.30）μm,与注射前相比差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。康柏西普注射前后CRVO组患眼和BRVO组患眼之间的SFCT变化值差异无统计学意义(P=0.210)。结论　CRVO和BRVO继发ME患眼的SFCT均明显比对侧健眼增厚,并在玻璃体内注射康柏西普后短时间内明显变薄。     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的长期疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）继发黄斑水肿（ME）的 长期疗效。方法：前瞻性系列病例研究。纳入2016年1月31日至2017年1月30日期间在解放军第 971医院眼科确诊为RVO继发ME患者81例（81眼），所有患者随访截止日期为2019年7月31日。本次治疗终点设定为黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CMT）稳定后半年未见ME复发。对符合标准的81眼行 玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普联合激光治疗。其中48例（48眼）完成治疗终点。随访时间最长达到30个月。治疗前后比较采用配对样本的t检验，率的比较采用卡方检验。结果：纳入研究的81眼中，视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）15眼，视网膜分支静脉阻塞（BRVO） 66眼，且患者多合并基础性疾病。48 眼完成治疗终点，于治疗后1周及1、2、3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24、30个月分别进行检查。治疗前最佳矫正视力logMAR为0.3±0.2，玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合适时激光治疗后显著高于治疗 前；治疗后CMT与治疗前CMT[（607±158）μm]比较差异均有显著统计学意义（均P<0.05）。48眼随 诊时间（15.4±5.3）个月，注药次数（4.4±1.3）次。48眼开始激光治疗距离第1次玻璃体注药时间为 （4.3±3.5）个月。激光光凝开始时间≤3个月组完成治疗的时间为（12.8±1.3）个月，玻璃体腔注药 次数为（4.3±0.8）次；激光光凝开始时间>3个月组完成治疗时间为（18.0±6.6）个月，玻璃体腔注药 次数为（5.4±1.5）次。2组间完成治疗时间比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.4，P=0.04）；2组玻璃体腔注药次数比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.3，P=0.04）。结论：玻璃体注射康柏西普联合适时激光在治疗 RVO引起ME方面效果显著，对于需要激光治疗的患者应尽早进行激光治疗，以明显缩短治疗时间和注药次数，保存患者视功能。     

玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗伴玻璃体积血和新生血管膜的视网膜静脉阻塞

目的评估玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗伴玻璃体积血、新生血管膜或牵拉性视网膜脱离的视网膜静脉阻塞（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｖｅｉｎｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ，ＲＶＯ）的疗效。方法复习连续的３７例ＲＶＯ患者经玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗的３８只眼临床资料。视网膜分支静脉阻塞（ｂｒａｎｃｈｒｅｔｉｎａｌｖｅｉｎｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ，ＢＲＶＯ）１９例２０只眼，视网膜中央静脉阻塞（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｒｅｔｉｎａｌｖｅｉｎｏｃｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ，ＣＲＶＯ）１８例１８只眼。结果手术中确认２７只眼有新生血管膜，２３只眼有牵拉性视网膜脱离。手术后３４只眼视力改善，占８９．５％，其中２２只眼有０．１以上的视力。４只眼视力未变。ＣＲＶＯ组病史较长，手术后视力改善较少。结论玻璃体手术和眼内光凝能改善多数伴有玻璃体积血、新生血管膜和牵拉性视网膜脱离的ＲＶＯ眼预后。     

532nm倍频激光治疗高原血管性眼底病变的临床研究

目的：观察532nm倍频激光视网膜光凝(panretinal photocoagulation, PRP)治疗高原地区糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinpathy, DR)及视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)的临床疗效,评价氩激光治疗眼底血管病的安全性、有效性。

方法：选择DR患者122例227眼,其中增殖前期糖尿病性视网膜病变(preproliferative diabetic retinopathy, PPDR)51例90眼、增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)71例137眼; RVO患者120例124眼,其中中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)27例27眼,分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)93例97眼,进行532nm底激光视网膜光凝治疗。每位患者在结束最后一次治疗后1,3,6mo复查眼底、视力、FFA检查。

结果：DR患者行视网膜光凝术后,PPDR有效81眼(90.0%)、无效9眼(10.0%); PDR有效98眼(71.5%),无效39眼(28.5%),总有效率78.9%; RVO患者行视网膜光凝术后, BRVO有效者90眼(92.8%),CRVO有效者22眼(81.5%)。532nm倍频激光治疗眼底血管性疾病的总有效率为82.9%。

结论：532nm倍频激光光凝治疗高原地区眼底血管性疾病是一种安全有效的治疗方法,糖尿病视网膜病变增殖前期激光治疗的有效率高于增殖期,治疗时机的合理选择可有效阻止DR的进展,防止失明的严重后果; 对RVO及时进行视网膜激光光凝的干预治疗,可以加速出血水肿吸收,防止新生血管的产生,降低并发症。     

玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗伴玻璃体积血和新生血管膜的视网膜静脉阻塞

目的评估玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗伴玻璃体积血、新生血管膜或牵拉性视网膜脱离的视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)的疗效。方法复习连续的37例RVO患者经玻璃体手术和眼内光凝治疗的38只眼临床资料。视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)19例20只眼，视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)18例18只眼。结果手术中确认27只眼有新生血管膜，23只眼有牵拉性视网膜脱离。手术后34只眼视力改善，占89.5%，其中22只眼有0.1以上的视力。4只眼视力未变。CRVO组病史较长，手术后视力改善较少。结论玻璃体手术和眼内光凝能改善多数伴有玻璃体积血、新生血管膜和牵拉性视网膜脱离的RVO眼预后。(中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:3-6)     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗视网膜静脉阻塞并黄斑水肿

目的：观察玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗视网膜静脉阻塞( RVO)并黄斑水肿患者的临床疗效。方法：视网膜静脉阻塞并黄斑水肿患者27例27眼,其中中央静脉阻塞( CRVO )8例8眼,分支静脉阻塞( BRVO )19例19眼接受玻璃体腔注射康柏西普联合适时眼底激光光凝治疗,观察患眼治疗前、后最佳矫正视力( BCVA )和黄斑中心视网膜厚度( CRT)的转归情况。结果：患者27例27眼治疗前平均BCVA (最小分辨角对数视力 LogMAR )和 CRT 为0.8822±0.5601和713.8±224.8μm,末次随访时分别为0.5963±0.4481和376.7±185.5μm。其中8例 CRVO 患者平均注射次数为4.75次,平均随访时间为13mo,治疗前平均 LogMAR 视力为0.9802±0.6663,接受3次注药治疗后和末次随访时分别为0.7082±0.4629和0.8517±0.5895,治疗后视力有所提高,但差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);平均CRT治疗前为835.1±289.3μm,3次治疗后和末次随访时分别为306.8±117.7、487.5±201.6μm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。19例BRVO患者平均注射次数为2.2,随访时间为9mo,治疗前平均LogMAR视力为0.8124±0.4529,在接受1次注药治疗后及末次随访时分别为0.4789 ± 0.2792、0.4888± 0.3163,治疗后视力明显提高,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);平均CRT治疗前为662.7±176.6μm,1次注药治疗后及末次随访时分别为283.8±129.3、330.6±161.4μm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者随访期间均未见明显严重并发症发生。
　　结论：玻璃体腔注射康柏西普能够减轻RVO并黄斑水肿患者视网膜水肿程度,提高患眼视力,对BRVO并黄斑水肿的患者疗效持续时间相对较长,单次注射疗效最长可维持1a。     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网相关标志物与视网膜静脉阻塞的相关性研究

目的 探索外周血中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)相关生物标志物与视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)之间的相关性。方法 采用病例对照研究,纳入常熟市第二人民医院眼科2020年1月至7月因RVO入院的患者作为RVO组,从临床中心的体检部门随机选取年龄和性别相匹配的志愿者作为对照组。检测所有受试者外周游离DNA(cfDNA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-DNA和瓜氨酸化组蛋白H3 (H3Cit)三种NETs相关标志物的水平,以及炎症因子[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-6]和凝血功能指标[血浆样本凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)]的水平,从而分析NETs与RVO的关系及潜在机制。利用相关性分析探索外周血NETs相关标志物与RVO分型、病程及远期黄斑水肿(ME)发生、炎症水平以及血栓形成的相关性,并进一步分析具有不同水平NETs相关生物标志物的RVO患者中的炎症反应程度和血栓形成标志物的差异。结果 最终纳入了RVO组77例(77眼)患者及对照组受试者48例(48眼)。在RVO组患者外周血中,cfDNA、MPO-DN...     

Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone or with triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab alone versus bevacizumab combined with triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in Chinese patients. METHODS: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, consecutive study. Thirty-six patients in group 1 were treated with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05mL), and 39 patients in group 2 were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05mL) combined with triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05mL). The main outcomes of the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured. RESULTS: In group 1, the mean BCVA improved from 37.78±6.14 (baseline) to 48.06±3.86, 46.48±4.77 and 44.18±5.78 at four, six and twelve weeks post-injection, respectively (P<0.01, P=0.03, P=0.04). In group 2, the mean BCVA improved from 35.92±6.20 (baseline) to 50.69±4.22, 48.76±5.59 and 45.70±6.56 at the same time points (P<0.01 each). However, there was no significant differences in the mean BCVA (F=0.043, P=0.836) and CRT (F=0.374, P=0.544) between these two groups. During the follow-up, five patients in group 1 and six patients in group 2 with high IOP were controlled with anti-glaucoma drugs. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone acetonide has a short beneficial effect in Chinese patients with macular edema caused by CRVO, but there is no significant difference between the two groups.