我国网上药店存在的问题探讨

目的：梳理当前网上药店发展中存在的问题,为促进我国网上药店的发展提供帮助。方法：通过文献研究及问卷调查,分析当前我国网上药店存在的问题,从法律法规、销售品种、网站建设、药品配送等方面进行探讨。结果与结论：现行的法律法规不够完善,缺乏对网上药店的监督管理;网上药店销售的产品种类比较混乱,网站建设不完善,药品信息标注不明确;消费者对网上药店的了解程度不高,对网上销售的药品质量存有质疑;网上药店的物流配送机制尚不健全。     

中国非处方药目录中适宜儿童使用的化学药分析

目的 梳理中国非处方(over-the-counter，OTC)药目录中供儿童使用的化学药，分析药品类别和说明书规范性，查找易致用药风险的关键点，并提出改进建议。方法 依据国家药品监督管理局网站公布的OTC药物说明书范本、临床专家调研的结果以及文献，确定儿童化学药OTC药目录并进行分类，调查说明书规范性和一致性。结果 梳理出267种儿童OTC药，涉及18类疾病，有相当比例说明书信息不完整、不规范，且呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病药物种类偏少。结论 应规范儿童OTC药物说明书编制和宣传，加大儿童OTC药物研发力度，加强药店从业人员培训，保障儿童OTC药物的合理、安全使用。     

2011年新疆药品经营使用环节安全责任体系评估情况分析

摘 要 目的:分析新疆药品经营和使用环节存在的主要问题,为新疆药品经营使用单位落实和实施“企业第一责任人”提供参考。方法: 通过对新疆18个地州市药品经营使用环节安全责任体系调查分析,分类统计不合格项目,归纳分析当前新疆药品经营使用环节中存在的主要问题。结果:药品经营使用单位质量责任意识不强,药品质量管理不到位。 结论:企业应当在确保药品质量安全的前提下,适应现代药品流通发展方向,进行改革和创新。     

2012~2014年武汉地区34家医院抗真菌药应用调查

摘 要 目的：通过分析武汉地区34家医院抗真菌药的用药数据,了解该地区该类药物的用药现状和发展趋势。方法: 对武汉地区医院2012～2014年抗真菌药的用药金额、市场占有率、用药频度（DDDs）及限定日费用（DDC）等进行统计分析。结果: 2012~2014年武汉地区抗真菌药销售总金额及其增长率均逐年增加。其中吡咯类抗真菌药销售金额最高,伏立康唑的销售金额3年均位居第一,硝呋太尔制霉菌素栓和克霉唑阴道片的DDDs一直位于前两位。结论:武汉地区抗真菌药市场增长趋势显著,消费结构较为稳定。应加强对抗真菌药的应用评价工作,临床应合理使用抗真菌药,减缓或避免耐药菌的扩散。     

我院2006～2010年门诊患者保肝药应用分析

摘 要 目的:分析了解我院门诊患者保肝药的应用情况。方法: 统计分析我院门诊患者2006～2010年保肝药的用药金额、用药剂量、用药频度、日均费用等临床用药情况。结果:保肝药销售金额呈逐年上升趋势,2009年略有下降;各年保肝药销售金额占药品总销售金额的比例变化较小,说明用药稳定。DDDs排序前3位的保肝药分别为护肝片、葡醛内脂片和复方益肝灵片。结论:预防性应用保肝药是抗结核药物治疗过程中必不可少的。我院保肝药用药基本合理,但仍存在不合理现象。     

成都地区11家医院2011～2013年口服降糖药利用分析

摘 要 目的:了解成都地区口服降糖药的临床应用情况。方法：采用《医院处方分析》课题中成都地区11家医院2011～2013年口服降糖药的处方数据进行分析。结果：成都地区口服降糖药销售金额呈逐年上升趋势,双胍类一直居3年的榜首,单品种药物方面,2013年瑞格列奈销售金额上升为第1位,其次为阿卡波糖、格列美脲;格列美脲、二甲双胍各年用药频度（DDDs）中均居前3位;二甲双胍DDDs排序呈逐年下降趋势。结论：成都地区11家医院口服降糖药用量呈逐渐上升趋势,其选用药物的经济性较为合理。     

2007～2009年南京地区前列腺增生症治疗药物应用分析

摘 要 目的:评价2007～2009年南京地区前列腺增生症治疗药物的应用情况及趋势。方法: 回顾性分析2007～2009年南京地区前列腺增生症治疗药物的种类、用量、销售金额、用药频度、日均费用等项目。结果:用药总金额为6 329.15万元,进口及合资药物金额占71.48%,DDDs分析中居前的以激素类药物及相关酶抑制药为主。结论:前列腺增生症治疗药物用药金额呈增长趋势,国产药物市场份额下降。     

2011—2013年贵港市人民医院抗肿瘤药物的使用情况分析

目的 分析2011—2013年贵港市人民医院抗肿瘤药物的使用情况和用药趋势。方法 通过回顾性检索贵港市人民医院HIS系统2011—2013年的数据,并对各类抗肿瘤药物的销售金额、销售量及构成比等进行统计。结果 2011—2013年抗肿瘤药物的销售金额逐年增大,尤其抗代谢药和植物来源抗肿瘤药及其衍生物的增长幅度较大,烷化剂类药物的销售金额却呈下降趋势。销售金额前3位的抗肿瘤药分别是吉西他滨、多西他赛、培美曲塞。销量最大的抗肿瘤药是氟尿嘧啶,其次是吉西他滨。结论 贵港市人民医院抗肿瘤药物的销售金额增长率接近全国水平,抗代谢药和植物来源抗肿瘤药及其衍生物的市场需求大,应加大对其品种的生产和优化力度。     

我国互联网药品交易现状及发展趋势研究

目的：分析我国互联网药品交易现状及发展趋势,为互联网药品交易健康有序发展提供参考依据。方法：以国家食品药品监督管理总局（CFDA）的数据库为数据源,分析我国互联网药品交易服务资格证、企业与消费者之间交易平台（B2C）的交易规模、网上药店在第三方的平台分布、互联网药品交易现有政策以及监管现状。结果与结论：当前,我国互联网药品交易政策环境较好,医药电商企业数量和市场规模将持续增长。虽然还存在着法律规范不够健全、行业自律性不强、监管模式尚需完善等问题,但随着改革的不断深入,我国互联网药品交易市场必将进入快速发展阶段。     

2010~2015 年某三甲医院质子泵抑制药使用分析

摘 要 目的：了解并分析某三甲医院质子泵抑制药（PPIs）的使用情况,以促进该院PPIs的合理应用。方法: 从该院计算机信息管理系统中调取2010~2015年门诊及住院患者所有PPIs的销售记录,并对其销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、限定日费用（DDC）、年消耗量等指标进行分析。结果: 2010~2015年该院PPIs销售金额和DDDs呈上升趋势,销售金额的年均复合增长率为13.84%。6年PPIs注射剂的销售金额及DDDs各占82.2%和29.6%;PPIs口服剂的销售金额及DDDs各占17.8%和70.3%;销售总金额位于前三位的是注射用泮托拉唑钠、注射用兰索美拉唑钠和注射用埃索美拉唑钠。结论:该院PPPs中注射用泮托拉唑钠、注射用兰索拉唑用量相对较大,不排除存在注射剂过度使用的情况。     

Surveying the persistence of age- and gender-based restrictions on over-the-counter emergency contraception across pharmacies in Los Angeles County,CA

BackgroundOver-the-counter levonorgestrel emergency contraception (OTC EC) is safe and effective but underutilized for postcoital pregnancy prevention. Unnecessary restrictions imposed by pharmacies and pharmacy workers may impede EC uptake.ObjectiveTo assess the persistence of age- and gender-based barriers to OTC EC access among pharmacists and pharmacy staff across Los Angeles, CA.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of registered community pharmacies randomly chosen from regions with the highest unintended pregnancy rates in Los Angeles County. Using an adaptation of the 2017 American Society for Emergency Contraception EC Access and Price Survey, we interviewed pharmacy staff about their attitudes and practices related to OTC EC, with attention to age- and gender-based barriers.ResultsWe surveyed 139 staff members (45% pharmacists, 20% technicians, 26% retail) from 93 publicly accessible pharmacies. Thirteen pharmacies did not stock EC. Half of respondents cited age-based restrictions; only 4% noted gender-based restrictions. More than 75% reported being asked for EC by a man; 7% reported refusing to sell to a man. Nearly 40% reported that men never or rarely purchased EC. Pharmacists were more likely than technicians or retail staff to believe men rarely purchased EC (P = 0.01). The most frequently cited concern about selling to men was inability to confirm the female partner’s age.ConclusionAlthough gender-based restrictions to EC are rare, more than half of pharmacy staff continue to report age-based restrictions. Inability to verify the female partner’s age may underlie cases where men are unable to purchase OTC EC.     

Sale of Tobacco Products in Pharmacies: Results and Implications of an Empirical Study

ObjectiveTo provide national-level data concerning the percentage of pharmacies selling tobacco products, examine relationships between selling practices and pharmacy characteristic variables, and explore perceptions of conflicts between tobacco-selling activity and professional and personal values and the potential effects of such conflicts.Design, Setting, ParticipantsData were collected from a geographically stratified systematic random sample of 899 pharmacies. Multiple mailings were sent to the attention of the pharmacy manager. A random sample of nonrespondents was also contacted by telephone, urging participation.Main Outcome MeasuresWhether the pharmacy currently sold cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco products, and if so, whether these practices differed from what respondents' personal or professional values tell them to do. Scales designed to measure job satisfaction, job-induced tension, and propensity to leave were also included.ResultsSlightly more than half (50.5%) of the pharmacies sold cigarettes and 35.4% sold smokeless tobacco products. Independents were less likely than chain pharmacies to sell tobacco products. For those respondents working in pharmacies where tobacco products were sold, 47.6% responded that this practice differs from what their personal values tell them to do and 63.9% replied that this practice differs from what their professional values tell them to do. Even when controlling for pharmacy type, respondents working in pharmacies that sold tobacco products had significantly lower levels of global job satisfaction, higher levels of job-induced tension, and a higher propensity to leave than did respondents working in pharmacies that did not.ConclusionDecision makers in pharmacies where tobacco products are still sold should take a serious look at the justification for the continued availability of tobacco products in an environment that has a goal of promoting health.     

Virtual pharmacist interventions on abuse of over-the-counter medications during COVID-19 versus traditional pharmacist interventions

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the frequency, nature, and clinical significance of pharmacist interventions on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines with abuse potential across community pharmacies with and without virtual care.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, a trained research team observed the dispensary teams of 12 community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), 6 of which were operating virtual pharmacy care. A standardized data collection form was used to include information about dispensing of OTC medicines and pharmacist interventions on those with abuse/misuse potential. The clinical significance of the interventions was evaluated by a multidisciplinary committee.ResultsThe frequency of pharmacist interventions on OTC medicines with abuse potential across pharmacies with and without virtual services was 83.2% versus 91.0%, respectively, whereas the frequency of pharmacist interventions on OTC medicines with misuse potential across pharmacies with and without virtual services was 79.8% versus 41.2%, respectively. The proportions of clinically significant interventions across pharmacies with and without virtual services were 19.7% versus 10.5%, respectively. Cough medicines were dispensed significantly more across pharmacies with virtual care than across pharmacies without virtual care (25.6% vs. 9.7%, respectively; P = 0.04). Asking the patient to seek the advice of an addiction specialist (adjusted odds ratio = 4.11; P = 0.001) versus refusing to sell the drug was more likely to be associated with pharmacies with virtual services than with pharmacies operating traditional pharmacy services.ConclusionVirtual pharmaceutical care is a potential approach to reduce the abuse/misuse of OTC medicines but needs some improvements regarding detection of these cases. The UAE is the first country in the region to implement and regulate virtual pharmacy practice.     

我国网上药店经营状况的调查分析

目的:了解我国网上药店的经营现状,为进一步建立和规范网上药店提供参考。方法:采用自填式问卷调查法对我国已取得"双证"的合法网上药店的经营状况进行调查。结果:截止2010年12月31日,我国正常经营的合法网上药店仅18家,其中17家除了销售药品还销售其他商品,16家均发布有处方药信息,18家的主要配送方式均为第三方快递,2家没有在线客服。结论:网上药店配送系统不完善、销售处方药、无在线客服等是我国网上药店目前亟待解决的问题。