TSEG-2基因在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征

目的 探讨睾丸特异表达基因2(testis specific expressed gene 2,TSEG-2)在小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型中的表达特征.方法 昆明小鼠36只,随机分组为对照组(6只)、假手术组(6只)、单侧睾丸扭转复位实验组(24只).实验组分为2组,每组12只,左侧睾丸扭转720°维持2 h,分别于复位后1、7 d取扭转侧睾丸.采用HE染色、原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)观察睾丸组织形态改变;黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)活性;原位杂交法观测TSEG-2在睾丸生精细胞内的表达定位;实时定量PCR法检测TSEG-2基因在睾丸组织中的表达水平.结果 对照组和假手术组生精上皮排列规则,扭转复位后1、7 d的睾丸组织内生精上皮结构松散,出现生精细胞凋亡,Johnsen's评分分别降低23.4%、64.1%(P<0.01),SOD活性降低11.6%、22.2%(P<0.05),MDA活性升高69.6%、93.2%(P<0.01).TSEG-2基因表达定位于小鼠睾丸生精小管的精原细胞和精母细胞.与对照组比较,扭转复位1、7 d后睾丸组织内TSEG-2表达水平分别上调2.2倍、6.6倍(P<0.01).结论 成功建立小鼠睾丸扭转复位模型,TSEG-2表达上调可能与抗氧化酶活性下降、生精细胞凋亡有关.     

大鼠睾丸扭转复位及减压治疗对睾丸的影响

目的 研究睾丸扭转复位及减压治疗对睾丸的影响,为睾丸扭转的预后判断、治疗方法的选择等提供新的理论依据.方法 将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分成5组,制成睾丸扭转复位及复位+减压治疗的模型.分别设立空白对照组及实验A～D组,睾丸扭转/复位组(A组)、睾丸扭转/复位+减压治疗组(B组)喂养至术后1 d处死;睾丸扭转/复化组(C组)、睾丸扭转/复位+减压治疗组(D组)喂养至术后1个月处死.应用化学检测和组织学分析方法,观察睾丸大体标本的变化、睾丸组织内丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化及睾丸组织Johnsen's评分.结果 五组睾丸MDA分别为3.18±0.22(空白对照组)、9.54±2.05(A组)、7.92±1.38(B组)、6.67±0.61(C组)、4.30±1.81(D组),实验组术侧睾丸的MDA含量显著高于自身对侧(P<0.05).D组MDA含量比C组明显下降(P<0.05).单纯复位组的术后睾丸标本比自身对侧和减压治疗组有明显萎缩;五组Johnsen's评分分别为10±0、7.2±0.18、8.2±0.19、2.2±0.19、9.2±0.18.D组比C组明显提高(P<0.05).结论 睾丸扭转复位+减压治疗能明显减少扭转侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,减轻脂质过氧化程度,可能有利于睾丸组织结构与功能的恢复.     

长春新碱、更生霉素对发育未成熟睾丸影响的实验研究

目的　探讨长春新碱、更生霉素对幼年期大鼠生精细胞的影响。方法　 3周龄雄性大鼠根据药物种类及剂量随机分为长春新碱组 (VCR)、更生霉素组 (AMD)、长春新碱 +更生霉素组(VDG)、小剂量长春新碱 +更生霉素组 (sVDG)、对照组。应用HE染色、荧光显微镜、TUNEL技术、免疫组化方法检测大鼠用药后生精细胞凋亡及Fas基因的表达。结果　各实验组睾丸曲细精管管腔内及近管腔生精上皮部分精原细胞显示显著凋亡 (P <0 .0 1) ,VDG生精细胞凋亡峰值分别显著高于VG、DG及sVDG(P >0 .0 5 )。睾丸组织Fas蛋白表达水平在实验组无显著上调。结论　长春新碱与更生霉素都将导致未成熟睾丸精原细胞显著凋亡 ,并与用药种类多少、剂量呈正相关 ,其后有可能导致生育能力损害     

绒毛膜促性腺激素对双侧隐睾大鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对双侧隐睾生殖细胞凋亡的影响。方法SD雄性幼鼠于日龄22d制备双侧隐睾模型(模型组)后开始隔日肌注HCG20U,共7次。假手术组作为对照。日龄35、60d时处死取睾丸,采用生物素-dUTP/酶标亲和素(TUNEL)法检测生殖细胞凋亡情况。结果模型组双侧隐睾睾丸凋亡指数(AI)高于假手术组。35d假手术HCG治疗组AI高于假手术HCG未治疗组(P<0.05)。60d各HCG治疗组睾丸的AI高于相应HCG未治疗组,组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论隐睾时睾丸生殖细胞凋亡增加;HCG可增加生殖细胞的凋亡。     

青春期前睾丸扭转对大鼠生精能力的长期影响

睾丸扭转好发于青春期前后的小儿。病理生理的研究表明 ,短时间的扭转就将造成组织发生缺血损伤。为了进一步阐明青春期前疾病发生对个体性成熟后生精能力的影响 ,我们在幼鼠模型发育完全以后采用流式细胞技术分析睾丸内各种细胞的ＤＮＡ组成 ,以此了解其生成精子的数量变化。材料与方法一、动物模型制作与分组取出生 1个月左右的健康雄性ＳＤ大鼠 30只 ,体重 (180± 10 ) ｇ ,随机平均分成 6组 ,每组 5只 ,按下述要求实验。第一组 (对照组 ) :戊巴比妥 5 0ｍｇ/ｋｇ腹腔注射麻醉 ,左侧阴囊切开 ,游离暴露睾丸 ,依扭转模型随意搬动 ,但不予…     

睾丸扭转48例

我院 1991年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月收治睾丸扭转患儿 4 8例 ,现总结报告如下。资料与方法一、一般资料　本组 4 8例 ,均为男性 ,年龄 2个月～ 14岁。睾丸扭转均为单侧 ,左侧 2 6例 ,右侧 2 2例。二、临床特点　临床均表现为睾丸急性疼痛 ,阴囊水肿、发红、触痛。恶心、呕吐 16例 ,腹痛、发热各 2例。体检患侧阴囊皮肤水肿 ,提睾反射消失。 32例精索缩短 ,4例可触及精索呈“麻绳状”扭曲 ,睾丸抬高或横位。 5例WBC (10 .0～15 .0 )× 10 9/L ,余正常。彩色多普勒检查 :2例睾丸无血供 ,32例睾丸血流明显减弱 ,14例睾丸血流减弱不明显。 4 8…     

褪黑激素对大鼠睾丸扭转缺血和再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨褪黑激素对大鼠睾丸扭转的治疗作用.方法 选取青春期雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为3组:空白对照组(A组);扭转复位组(B组);扭转复位+褪黑激素组(C组).B组和C组大鼠建立睾丸扭转复位模型,对照组不扭转.扭转4h后复位睾丸,复位前15 min B组腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml:C组腹腔注射褪黑激素1ml(17 mg/kg).复位后4h处死所有动物取睾丸待测.以原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测生精细胞凋亡指数;化学比色法测定睾丸组织内总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).结果 B组T-A0C( 20.31±2.55)U/mg比A组(33.62±3.29) U/mg明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).而C组T-AOC(30.05±2.08)U/mg较B组明显升高(P＜0.05).B组凋亡指数(42.2±3.21)％明显高于A组(5 7±0.67)％(P＜0.01),而C组凋亡指数(12.2±1.34)％较B组显著下降(P＜0.05).结论 褪黑激素具有明显对抗睾丸扭转复位后的氧化损伤,对因睾丸扭转导致的缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用.     

术前介入治疗对肾母细胞瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的　探讨介入治疗 (动脉化疗栓塞 )对肾母细胞瘤细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。方法　观察术前介入组 17例和单纯手术组 2 2例肾母细胞瘤标本的分裂指数和凋亡指数的差异 ,细胞凋亡的检测采用DNA转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记法 (TUNEL)。结果　术前介入组肿瘤细胞平均分裂指数为 0 .4 2± 0 .2 1,明显低于单纯手术组 2 .4 0± 1.0 1(P <0 .0 1) ;术前介入组肿瘤细胞平均凋亡指数为5 0 .6± 4 8.1,明显高于单纯手术组 19.7± 2 .82 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡是肾母细胞瘤术前介入治疗产生疗效的重要机制。     

睾丸扭转患儿平均血小板体积与睾丸活性的相关性北大核心CSCD

目的研究睾丸扭转患儿血液学参数与睾丸活性的相关性,探讨术前预测扭转睾丸活性或睾丸萎缩的指标。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2020年1月于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院泌尿外科行急诊手术治疗的173例睾丸扭转患儿的临床资料,根据手术方式分为睾丸复位固定术组83例,睾丸切除术组90例,采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验、Mann-Whitney U检验法对比2组患儿的发病时长、精索扭转度数和血液学参数等指标,对睾丸切除的危险因素行多因素Logistic回归分析。随访睾丸复位固定术组的83例患儿,术后6个月复查双侧阴囊彩超患儿共30例,分为睾丸萎缩组13例(43.3%),睾丸非萎缩组17例,采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验法比较2组的各项参数,对发病时长为>6-<51 h患儿中差异有统计学意义的指标行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析。结果发病时长(9.3 h比51.0 h)(Z=-8.293,P<0.001)、精索扭转度数(360.0°比540.0°)(Z=-5.267,P<0.001)、平均血小板体积(MPV)(9.8 fL比10.1 fL)(Z=-2.018,P=0.044)和年龄(147.5个月比143.0个月)(Z=-2.165,P=0.030)在睾丸复位固定术组和睾丸切除术组间的差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析提示,发病时长(OR=1.033,P<0.001)、精索扭转度数(OR=1.004,P<0.001)和MPV(OR=1.662,P=0.044)与睾丸丢失均呈正相关。分析发病时长为>6-<51 h的患儿的发病时长、精索扭转度数和MPV的ROC曲线,三者的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.753、0.755、0.629。在睾丸萎缩组和睾丸非萎缩组的对比中,组间仅MPV的差异有统计学意义[(10.2±0.5)fL比(9.8±0.5)fL](t=2.426,P=0.022)。ROC曲线分析提示,MPV预测睾丸萎缩的截断值为9.9 fL,敏感性为83.3%,特异性为70.6%,AUC为0.752。结论发病时长、精索扭转度数和MPV可作为术中睾丸活性的预测指标,有助于临床医师术前早期预测和判断睾丸扭转所致的睾丸坏死。此外,43.3%保留了扭转睾丸的患儿在睾丸复位固定术后最终发生了睾丸萎缩,而MPV可能是扭转睾丸保留后发生萎缩的预测指标。     

不同日龄隐睾复位大鼠睾丸组织结构观察

目的 观察不同13龄隐睾复位大鼠睾丸组织结构的变化.方法 72只21 d雄性SD大鼠随机分为单侧隐睾组、双侧隐睾组、假手术对照组各24只.建立单、双侧隐睾动物模型.2周后行隐睾大鼠睾丸下降固定术,于日龄40、60 d处死取睾丸,采用苏木素.伊红染色光镜下观察各组大鼠精曲小管生育力指数(TFI)和平均精曲小管直径(MTD);生物素-dUTP/酶标亲和素法(TUNEL法)检测睾丸生殖细胞凋亡情况.结果 隐睾侧睾丸MTD、TFI显著低于阴囊内睾丸,而隐睾生殖细胞凋亡指数(AI)明显增高于阴囊内睾丸(P＜0.05);单侧隐睾组阴囊内睾丸TFI低于相应日龄的假手术对照组,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).40 d时单侧隐睾组隐睾侧睾丸生殖细胞AI较双侧隐睾组低(P＜0.05),日龄60 d,各组隐睾侧睾丸AI较40 d时明显降低(P＜0.05),但单侧隐睾和双侧隐睾AI比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 实验隐睾复位大鼠睾丸AI升高,同时单侧隐睾鼠对侧睾丸组织存在不同程度的损害.随着复位时间的延长,隐睾组织的病理损害有恢复的趋势.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.