羌活地黄汤对佐剂性类风湿性关节炎大鼠滑膜组织VEGF的影响

目的:观察羌活地黄汤对氟氏完全佐剂诱导的类风湿性关节炎大鼠治疗作用及对关节滑膜组织血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的影响。方法:建立大鼠佐剂性类风湿性关节炎动物模型,通过测定关节肿胀率及关节炎评分,评价羌活地黄汤的治疗作用,并以免疫组织化学法检测关节滑膜组织VEGF表达变化,进一步探讨其作用机制。结果:羌活地黄汤可明显降低造模大鼠关节肿胀度和关节炎评分,抑制关节滑膜组织VEGF过量表达。结论:羌活地黄汤对氟氏完全佐剂诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎有一定的治疗作用,其作用机理可能与抑制关节滑膜VEGF过量表达有关。     

江苏地产白首乌C21甾苷抗炎作用及其机制研究*

目的:研究白首乌C21甾苷(CSG)的抗炎作用及其机制.方法:以阿司匹林、英太青、环磷酰胺作阳性对照药,观察CSG对醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高、二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足爪肿胀、棉球诱导的大鼠肉芽肿和弗氏完全佐剂诱导的大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型的抗炎作用;测定AA大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α含量,关节NO、PGE2含量,探讨CSG抗炎作用机制.结果:CSG对急慢性、免疫性炎症反应有明显抑制作用,对AA大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α、关节组织中NO、PGE2的生成有抑制作用.结论:CSG具有较强的抗炎作用,抗炎机制与抑制细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和炎症因子NO、PGE2的生成有关.     

舒筋活络胶囊对佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜fas和bcl-2蛋白的影响

目的：观察舒筋活络胶囊对佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜fas和bcl-2蛋白的影响,探讨其抗类风湿性关节炎作用机制。方法：大鼠用弗氏完全佐剂造模,于致炎前3天灌胃给药30天,采用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠滑膜组织炎性细胞fas和bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果：发生凋亡的诱导蛋白fas在用药后各组均不同程度增高,并具有显著性差异。同时,调控细胞凋亡的蛋白在用药后发生明显改变,表现在抑制凋亡的蛋白bcl-2显著减少。结论：舒筋活络胶囊可通过诱导佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜炎细胞的凋亡,减少炎细胞坏死,发挥抗炎的作用。     

针刺对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜肥大细胞脱颗粒和类胰蛋白酶表达的影响

目的:观察针刺对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜组织病理改变、滑膜肥大细胞脱颗粒及类胰蛋白酶表达的影响,探讨肥大细胞功能与针刺治疗大鼠佐剂性关节炎的关系。方法:46只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=16)、模型组(n=15)和针刺组(n=15)。除正常对照组外,其余大鼠通过足垫部注射0.1mL弗氏完全佐剂建立佐剂性关节炎模型。针刺组隔天针刺双侧足三里、悬钟、肾俞穴,每次15min,共8次。治疗期间,正常对照组和模型组除不予针刺外,其余处理均同针刺组。设造模当天为实验第0天,之后每3天对大鼠的体质量和足跖体积进行测量并记录。治疗结束后,取所有大鼠右后踝关节滑膜组织,HE染色后根据滑膜病理5级评分法评价滑膜组织病理改变,甲苯胺蓝染色法观察滑膜肥大细胞数量及其脱颗粒情况,免疫组织化学法检测类胰蛋白酶在滑膜组织中的表达情况。结果:与模型组比较,针刺组大鼠治疗后体质量明显增加(P0.05),足跖体积明显减小(P0.01)。HE染色显示,针刺可显著减轻佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜组织中的炎细胞浸润、滑膜细胞增生和滑膜纤维组织增生等病理表现(P0.05);甲苯胺蓝染色显示,与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠滑膜肥大细胞数量和脱颗粒率均明显增加(P0.01),而针刺组大鼠滑膜肥大细胞数量和脱颗粒率的上升得到有效抑制,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);免疫组织化学检测显示,针刺可显著抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜组织中上调的类胰蛋白酶表达(P0.01)。相关分析显示,滑膜肥大细胞数量及脱颗粒率均与滑膜组织病理改变总评分呈明显的正相关(P0.01)。结论:针刺具有治疗大鼠早期佐剂性关节炎和调节滑膜肥大细胞功能的作用,由于两者间存在明显的正相关性,因此针刺可能通过抑制滑膜肥大细胞功能,对佐剂性关节炎大鼠起治疗作用。     

艾灸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡及病理组织的观察

目的:探讨艾灸治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的作用机理.方法:复制佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠模型,应用放免、细胞凋亡和病理学等方法,观察艾灸"肾俞"穴的抗炎免疫作用和对关节滑膜组织形态学的影响.结果:(1)灸治能减轻关节的肿胀和多发性关节炎,减少血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素I(IL-1)含量,提高IL-2和胸腺指数,与模型组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),表明艾灸具有抗炎免疫的作用;(2)艾灸能诱导AA大鼠关节滑膜细胞的调亡,能提高凋亡指数,减轻炎症反应;(3)病理学观察证实,灸治能减轻关节滑膜的充血水肿、炎细胞浸润、滑膜细胞增生、组织增厚等渗出性变.结论:艾灸主要通过抑制滑膜炎起到治疗关节炎的作用.抑制炎症细胞因子的产生、释放,诱导滑膜细胞凋亡、是艾灸治疗RA抗炎免疫作用的主要机制.     

雷公藤贴膏抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：研究雷公藤贴膏的抗炎镇痛作用。方法：用大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,角叉菜胶性足肿胀和棉球肉芽增生模型观察雷公藤贴膏的抗炎作用,用扭体法和热板法观察其镇痛作用,结果：雷公藤贴膏对大鼠佐剂性关节炎有明显预防和治疗作用。并能抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀和棉球肉芽组织增生;对醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应也有明显抑制,并可提高热板法痛阈值,结论：雷公藤贴膏具有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

祛风除湿颗粒药效学试验研究

[目的]探讨具有祛风除湿,散寒止痛作用的祛风除湿颗粒是否有止痛、抗炎和治疗类风湿关节炎的药理学作用。[方法]采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型,观察该药抗炎作用;采用醋酸引痛法,观察该药对小鼠的止痛作用;采用大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)模型,观察该药的抗佐剂性关节炎的作用。[结果]祛风除湿颗粒能明显抑制二甲苯引起小鼠耳廓肿胀,具有一定的抗炎作用;对小鼠疼痛模型具有明显的止痛作用,且有一定的阻止大鼠AA模型形成的作用。[结论]祛风除湿颗粒具有一定的抗炎、止痛和抗佐剂性关节炎的作用。     

江苏地产自首乌C21甾苷抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的：研究自首乌C22甾苷（CSG）的抗炎作用及其机制。方法：以阿司匹林、英太青、环磷酰胺作阳性对照药，观察CSG对醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高、二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足爪肿胀、棉球诱导的大鼠肉芽肿和弗氏完全佐剂诱导的大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型的抗炎作用；测定AA大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α含量，关节NO、PGE，含量，探讨CSG抗炎作用机制。结果：CSG对急慢性、免疫性炎症反应有明显抑制作用，对AA大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α、关节组织中NO、PGE，的生成有抑制作用。结论：CSG具有较强的抗炎作用，抗炎机制与抑制细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和炎症因子NO、PGE，的生成有关。     

川芎嗪调控血管内皮生长因子与抗大鼠佐剂性关节炎的相关性研究

目的:探讨川芎嗪是否可通过调节血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达而影响大鼠实验性关节炎的发展.方法:建立大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AIA)模型,灌胃给药川芎嗪,检测大鼠足垫厚度的变化,免疫组化SP法染色CD34检测滑膜微血管密度(MVD),放射免疫法分析大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的含量,westem blot分析滑膜组织VEGF的表达.结果:与模型组相比较,100 mg·kg~(-1)川芎嗪组大鼠足垫厚度显著减小,血清中TNF-α的含量和滑膜组织VEGF的表达均明显降低.结论:川芎嗪抑制大鼠佐剂性关节炎的发展与抑制病变关节滑膜VEGF的表达密切相关.     

针灸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠关节滑膜产生PGE2的影响

目的观察针灸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜中PGE2的影响。方法：用弗氏完全佐剂建立大鼠关节炎模型。放射免疫法(PLA)检测大鼠关节滑膜组织内RGE2的含量，观察大鼠足垫肿胀程度。结果：针灸可减轻关节炎大鼠足垫肿胀程度，抑制关节滑膜组织中PGE2。结论：针灸可减轻关节炎症反应的作用机制可能与抑制关节炎滑膜产生PGE2有关。     

Anti‐Arthritic and Antiinflammatory Effects of the Traditional Uighur Formula Kursi Caper In Vivo

Kursi Caper (KC) is a Uighur medicine based on caper which is widely used to treat arthritis and rheumatism, and preliminary studies in our laboratory showed that this traditional formula may possess potent antiinflammatory effects. This study confirms the antiinflammatory effect of KC in the adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model, the carrageenan and cotton‐pellet induced granuloma rat models, and further investigates in vivo the mechanism of action by measuring relevant indicators of anti‐arthritic activity. KC showed significant and dose‐dependent anti‐arthritic and antiinflammatory effects, demonstrated by reduced paw edema and arthritic scores in all animal models. Histopathological examination showed that KC reduced levels of synovial inflammatory factors in AIA rats. The overproduction of TNF‐α and IL‐1β was attenuated, and CAT, MDA and SOD levels were restored to normal in KC‐treated rats. KC also significantly reduced LPS‐induced proliferation of B lymphocytes and ConA induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that the high dose KC‐treated group had a significantly decreased frequency of Th17 cells. This study indicates that KC can significantly attenuate arthritis and inflammation in rats by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulating oxidative stress, reducing lymphocyte proliferation and decreasing Th17. This supports the traditional use of KC as a potential modern therapeutic agent for the treatment of arthritis and related conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inhibition of LPS‐Induced TNF‐α and NO Production in Mouse Macrophage and Inflammatory Response in Rat Animal Models by a Novel Ayurvedic Formulation,BV‐9238

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic crippling disease, where protein‐based tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors show significant relief, but with potentially fatal side effects. A need for a safe, oral, cost‐effective small molecule or phyto‐pharmaceutical is warranted. BV‐9238 is an Ayurvedic poly‐herbal formulation containing specialized standardized extracts of Withania somnifera, Boswellia serrata, Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa. The anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic effects of BV‐9238 were evaluated for inhibition of TNF‐α and nitric oxide (NO) production, in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated, RAW 264.7, mouse macrophage cell line. BV‐9238 reduced TNF‐α and NO production, without any cytotoxic effects. Subsequently, the formulation was tested in adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) and carrageenan‐induced paw edema (CPE) rat animal models. AIA was induced in rats by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant intra‐dermally in the paw, and BV‐9238 and controls were administered orally for 21 days. Arthritic scores in AIA study and inflamed paw volume in CPE study were significantly reduced upon treatment with BV‐9238. These results suggest that the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic effects of BV‐9238 are due to its inhibition of TNF‐α, and NO, and this formulation shows promise as an alternate therapy for inflammatory disorders where TNF‐α and NO play important roles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光叶娃儿藤解热抗炎作用实验研究

目的:观察光叶娃儿藤的解热和抗炎作用.方法:SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组,阿司匹林组(0.1 g·kg-1),光叶娃儿藤低、中、高剂量组(6,12,24 g·kg-1).分别采用酵母混悬液复制大鼠发热模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀法,观察光叶娃儿藤的解热和抗炎作用,同时紫外分光光度法测定大鼠角叉菜胶致炎足渗出物中的前列腺素E2(PGE2)的含量.结果:与生理盐水组比较,光叶娃儿藤中、高剂量组(12,24 g·kg-1)能显著降低酵母菌致大鼠发热模型的体温(P＜0.05),并能显著抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠的足肿胀度(P＜0.05)和足组织中的前列腺素E2(PGE2)的合成(P＜0.05).结论:光叶娃儿藤具有明显的解热和抗炎作用,其机制可能与抑制PGE2等炎症介质合成有关.     

Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway

Nimbolide is an active constituent of Azadirachta indica and is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Few studies suggest that nimbolide treatment influences the responses to rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of nimbolide on expression regulation of toll-like receptors to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis. The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intra-dermally into the sub-plantar region of the left hind paw of rats. Nimbolide (20 mg/kg) and piroxicam (10 mg/kg) were given to arthritic rats. Rats treated with nimbolide showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells, rheumatoid factor, ESR, and improved the body weight. The results indicated that nimbolide possesses the capacity to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating toll-like receptors, IL-17, IL-23, HSP70, and IFN-γ expression levels. Nimbolide treatment showed significant reduction in the severity of inflammation and destruction of joints and showed comparable effects to piroxicam, which is a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It can be concluded that nimbolide can be considered as a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting of the toll-like receptors pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.     

Antiinflammatory activity of the iridoids kutkin,picroside-1 and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurrooa

Powdered roots of Picrorhiza kurrooa (PK), its alcoholic extract (AEPK) and active constituents kutkin, picroside-1 and kutkoside demonstrated antiinflammatory activity (AIA) in a variety of test models. Significant AIA was recorded in adjuvant-induced and formaldehyde arthritis in rats and mice. In carrageenan-induced oedema inhibitory activity was remarkably enhanced upon intraperitoneal treatment in rats and mice. Kutkin exhibited significant action in dextran-induced oedema in rats. It inhibited acetic acid induced vascular permeability in mice and leucocyte migration in rats. Kutkin lacked any analgesic, antipyretic or ulcerogenic effect.     

痛风颗粒抗痛风有效部位群研究

目的 研究痛风颗粒不同提取部位(群)的抗炎、降尿酸作用及对肾脏的影响,筛选痛风颗粒抗痛风的有效部位(群).方法 大鼠足跖注射微晶型尿酸钠制备踝关节肿胀、足跖肿胀模型,腺嘌呤十盐酸乙胺丁醇制备大鼠高尿酸血症模型.通过检测大鼠足肿胀率、血尿酸(UA)值、肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)水平和肾脏系数,筛选痛风颗粒不同提取部位中的有效部位(群).结果 痛风颗粒A部位(主要由黄酮、生物碱、有机酸组成)显示出显著的抗炎、降尿酸和一定的肾脏保护作用:显著抑制尿酸钠致大鼠的足跖肿胀及踝关节肿胀(P＜0.01);显著降低高尿酸血症大鼠的血UA、Cr及BUN水平(P＜0.01);但与模型组比较,各给药组肾脏系数无显著改变.结论 在各提取部位中,A部位降尿酸、抗炎作用最强,与痛风颗粒全方作用强度相当.     

独活寄生汤抗炎、镇痛作用的药效学研究

目的:研究独活寄生汤的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法:采用弗氏完全佐剂诱发大鼠关节炎、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀试验研究抗炎作用,采用冰醋酸扭体法和福尔马林致痛试验研究镇痛作用。结果:独活寄生汤可明显抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发性和继发性足跖肿胀、抑制毛细血管通透性增加、减轻小鼠耳廓肿胀度,减少小鼠扭体反应次数及福尔马林致痛试验的第二时相的疼痛强度。结论:独活寄生汤具有较好的镇痛、抗炎和抗佐剂性关节炎的作用。     

虎眼万年青提取物抗肿瘤和镇痛抗炎作用研究

目的 观察虎眼万年青提取物抗肿瘤和镇痛、抗炎等作用.方法 制备肿瘤细胞MFC、HepG-2、S180荷瘤小鼠模型,观察虎眼万年青提取物的抑瘤率;采用小鼠醋酸扭体实验观察虎眼万年青提取物的镇痛作用;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验观察虎眼万年青提取物的抗炎作用.结果 虎眼万年青提取物剂量分别为5.0、2.5 g/kg能有效抑制小鼠实体瘤的生长,且有一定的剂量相关性(P＜0.05、0.001);显著抑制醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,与模型组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05、0.001);对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有抑制作用,与模型组相比也有显著差异(P＜0.05、0.01).结论 虎眼万年青提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤、镇痛、抗炎作用,具有良好的开发前景.     

Picrorhiza kurroa Inhibits Experimental Arthritis Through Inhibition of Pro‐inflammatory Cytokines,Angiogenesis and MMPs

The present study investigates the anti‐arthritic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK), on formaldehyde and adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) in rat. Administration of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) significantly inhibited joint inflammation in both animal models. In AIA‐induced arthritic rat, treatment with PKRE considerably decreased synovial expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor receptor‐1 (TNF‐R1) and vascular endothelial growth factor as compared with control. The anti‐arthritic activity was found to be well substantiated with significant suppression of oxidative and inflammatory markers as there was decreased malonaldehyde, Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha levels accompanied with increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase activities. Additionally, PKRE significantly inhibited the expression of degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases‐3 and matrix metalloproteinases‐9 in AIA‐induced arthritic rat. Histopathology of paw tissue displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration as compared with control. Taken together, these results demonstrated the anti‐arthritic activity of PKRE against experimental arthritis, and the underlying mechanism behind this efficacy might be mediated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis, improvement of the synovium redox status and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乌蔹莓抗炎镇痛有效部位的筛选

目的探讨乌蔹莓抗炎镇痛作用的有效部位。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症模型,研究乌蔹莓不同提取部位ig给药对急慢性炎症的作用。采用热板法和醋酸扭体法致痛,研究乌蔹莓不同提取部位ig给药的镇痛作用。结果与模型组相比,乌蔹莓水部位和乌蔹莓水提液高、低剂量组明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀(P0.05、0.01),明显抑制蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀(P0.05、0.01),显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿(P0.01)。乌蔹莓石油醚部位和乌蔹莓水提液高、低剂量组给药后明显延长热板所致小鼠的痛阈值,与模型组和自身给药前比较差异显著(P0.05、0.01);乌蔹莓石油醚部位和乌蔹莓水提液高、低剂量组明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数,与模型组比较差异极显著(P0.01)。结论乌蔹莓抗炎作用部位主要为水部位,而镇痛作用部位主要为石油醚部位。