新生儿败血症病原学分析

新生儿败血症为新生儿时期的较常见的感染性疾病,发达国家发病率为0.1%～0.4%,发展中国家为1%～10%,国内病死率为12%～20.5%,发达国家为5%左右.而新生儿败血症表现较不典型,无明显特异性,临床上应引起重视,早期诊断和治疗非常重要,因此有必要熟悉败血症的临床特点,掌握病原菌的构成和耐药情况.     

新生儿败血症病原菌及其药敏分析

目的：了解新生儿败血症病原菌及药物敏感情况，以减少临床上应用抗生素的盲目性，降低耐药菌的产生。方法：对2001年-1-12月收住我院新生儿科临床诊断败血症的72例患儿进行细菌培养。用法国生物梅里埃微生物鉴定及药物敏感分析仪，做细菌鉴定及药敏试验。结果：共培养出细菌73株，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（30株）及金黄色葡萄球菌（25株），为主要致病菌。结论：几乎全部细菌对青霉素耐药，对红耆素及苯唑西林耐药率均超过75％，对万古霉素及环丙沙星高度敏感。几株革兰阴性杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星及第三代头孢菌素敏感。     

小儿急性下呼吸道感染93例病原学及药敏试验结果分析

目的了解小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原学构成及药物敏感情况，以指导临床用药。方法对93例急性下呼吸道感染痰培养阳性者应用K-B法（琼脂扩散敏感试验）进行药敏试验。结果培养阳性菌中革兰阴性杆菌61株，革兰阳性球菌32株；阳性率前三位致病菌分别为大肠埃希菌（15株）、肺炎克雷伯杆菌（12株）、中间葡萄球菌（11株）；大肠埃希菌对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、头孢他啶、庆大霉素、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林／棒酸、氨曲南、头孢呋辛、氨苄西林／舒巴坦等药物的敏感率均大于70％；而肺炎克雷伯杆菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的敏感率高；中间葡萄球菌对头孢呋辛、亚胺培南、头孢唑林的敏感率也大于70％。结论表明小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原体构成以革兰阴性杆菌为主，治疗前的痰培养值得临床重视。     

新生儿败血症285例临床回顾

本文通过对 1 990年 1月～ 1 999年 1 2月我院新生儿病房收治的 2 85例新生儿败血症患儿进行回顾性的临床分析 ,探讨近 1 0年来早发性败血症与晚发性败血症病原学 ,临床治疗之特点 ,以达到更有效的临床治疗及预防本病发生的目的。临床资料一、一般资料全部病例符合新生儿败血症临床诊断。2 85例中 ,男 2 1 5例 ,女 70例 ,男 :女 ( 3 0 7∶1 )。发病时间 ,0～ 7天 (早发性 ) 1 0 1例 ,这组患儿中有 43例具有高危因素 (如胎膜早破 ,孕母感染等 ) ,胎龄 <37周 42例 ,≥ 37周 59例 ;8～ 2 8天 (晚发性 ) 1 84例 ,胎龄 <37周 2 7例 ,≥ 37周 1 57…     

新生儿败血症76例病原菌药敏试验及临床分析

目的　了解引起新生儿败血症的主要细菌对不同抗生素的敏感情况 ,以指导临床治疗。方法　回顾性分析 76例新生儿败血症的血培养及药敏试验等临床资料。结果　 76例均为单一菌种生长 ,大肠埃希菌 2 8株 ,金黄色葡萄球菌 (金葡菌 ) 18株 ,肺炎克雷伯菌 18株 ,绿脓杆菌 12株。大肠埃希菌对碳青霉烯类高度敏感 (敏感率达 10 0 % ) ,对阿米卡星、第 3代头孢霉素及环丙沙星敏感 (敏感率为 74 %～ 96 % )。肺炎克雷伯菌主要对碳青霉烯类敏感 (敏感率帕尼培南 10 0 % ,亚胺培南 94 % ) ,其次为环丙沙星、阿米卡星 ,对第 3代头孢霉素较耐药。金葡菌对万古霉素敏感 (敏感率 10 0 % ) ,其次为美洛培南、头孢克罗。绿脓杆菌对头孢他啶、碳青霉烯类敏感 (敏感率 10 0 % ) ,其次为环丙沙星、阿米卡星。 76例中治愈 5 8例 ,好转 10例 ,5例自动出院 ,3例死亡。结论　治疗新生儿败血症时应根据不同细菌的药敏结果选择敏感抗菌药 ,以有效地控制疾病的发展。     

新生儿院内感染败血症30例回顾性分析

目的 分析新生儿院内感染败血症的临床特点及高危因素,探讨其防治措施.方法 对30例新生儿院内感染败血症的临床资料、病原菌、高危因素及治疗预后进行回顾性分析.结果 新生儿院内感染败血症发生率为1.19%,占新生儿败血症的18.86%.病原菌中革兰阴性菌占42.4%,以肺炎克雷伯氏菌为主;革兰阳性菌占21.2%;真菌占36.4%,以念珠菌为主.药敏结果 显示肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦敏感率分别为91.7%、75.0%,真菌对氟康唑等常用抗真菌药均敏感.早产、低出生体质量、留置中心静脉导管、气管插管及长疗程广谱抗生素联合使用为院内感染的高危因素.结论 新生儿院内感染败血症病原菌以肺炎克雷伯菌及念珠菌为主,应加强护理、严格无菌操作、合理使用抗生索及预防性抗真菌治疗,减少院内感染败血症及其并发症的发生.     

非院内出生新生儿败血症的临床与病原学分析

新生儿败血症是新生儿期严重的感染性疾病，近年来由于外来务工人员增多，非院内出生新生儿人数增加，这部分新生儿发生败血症的情况有所变化，本文对我院儿内科近5年收治非院内出生新儿所发生败血症进行临床与病原学分析。     

新生儿败血症病原菌及其药敏分析

目的　 了解新生儿败血症病原菌及药物敏感情况 ,以减少临床上应用抗生素的盲目性 ,降低耐药菌的产生。 方法　对 2 0 0 1年 1— 12月收住我院新生儿科临床诊断败血症的 72例患儿进行细菌培养。用法国生物梅里埃微生物鉴定及药物敏感分析仪 ,做细菌鉴定及药敏试验。 结果 　共培养出细菌 73株 ,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 (3 0株 )及金黄色葡萄球菌 (2 5株 ) ,为主要致病菌。 结论 　几乎全部细菌对青霉素耐药 ,对红霉素及苯唑西林耐药率均超过 75 % ,对万古霉素及环丙沙星高度敏感。几株革兰阴性杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星及第三代头孢菌素敏感     

新生儿机会菌败血症98例临床分析

为了解新生儿机会菌败血症病原,将1992年至2002年期间收治的98例新生儿机会菌败血症临床资料分析如下。     

Comet assay in neonatal sepsis

Objective  

To determine whether the DNA damage detected using the Comet assay helps in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis     

Exchange transfusions in neonatal sepsis

Between October, 1987 and October, 1988, 53 neonates with severe or unresponsive sepsis were subjected to therapeutic exchange transfusions (ET) using 170 ml/kg of citrated blood less than 24 hours old. The procedure was repeated up to a maximum of 4 times. The success of therapy was adjudged by resolution of sclerema and/or improvement in clinical features. There were 32 low birth-weight (LBW) and 21 non-LBW infants and 51/53 subjects had sclerema. The mean time for recovery following ET was 19.6 +/- 12.4 h (range: 1-48 h). The overall survival was 77.4% and the survival rates for LBW and non-LBW infants were 73.6 and 68.2%, respectively, however, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant or fatal complications occurred during ET. The effects of other associated problems on outcome studied by multiple regression analysis showed that neurologic problems were associated with a poor chance for survival despite ET. Exchange transfusion may thus be an effective and safe therapeutic modality for severe neonatal sepsis.     

Early onset neonatal sepsis

Objective: To study the maternal risk factors and clinico-bacteriological profile of early onset sepsis (EOS), in a tertiary care neonatal unit.Methods: Relevant data of neonates born during the study period were obtained from their case records. A diagnosis of early onset sepsis was made if either clinical sepsis developed within 72 hours of life or if positive blood/CSF cultures were obtained in those with potential maternal risk factors. Statistical analysis was done using Odds Ratio or Chisquare and Fisher’s exact t-test as applicable.Results: Among 1743 live births, a total of 69 episodes of sepsis occurred in 65 neonates (43% culture proven) with an incidence of 37.2 per 1000 live births. The incidence of EOS was 20.7 per 1000 live births and it constituted 55.4% of overall sepsis. Among the perinatal risk factors assessed, a significant association of EOS with prolonged rupture of membranes, foul smelling liquor, dai (midwife) handling and maternal urinary tract infection was observed (p<0.05). Among infants at risk of EOS, 20.6% developed sepsis compared to only 0.5% of those without these risk factors (p 0.001). Even among those at high risk such as low birth weight, preterm, and asphyxiated neonates, incidence of EOS was negligible in the absence of a maternal risk factor. Pneumonia (66.7%), shock (27.7%), metabolic acidosis (19.4%) and meningitis (8.3%) were the comorbidities seen among the cases. Culture proven EOS occurred in 41.6%,Pseudomonas being the commonest (60%) isolate. The case fatality rate was 19.4%.Conclusion: Screening for sepsis in an asymptomatic neonate is warranted only in the presence of a maternal risk factor even if the neonate is at high risk of developing sepsis due to associated problems of prematurity, low birth weight or asphyxia. Knowledge of likely causative organisms of EOS can aid in instituting prompt and appropriate therapy, in order to minimise morbidity and mortality.