肾活检9825例临床病理分析

目的探讨山东地区肾穿刺活检患者病理类型的分布特点以及疾病谱的变迁。方法收集2014年1月至2018年10月共计9 825例肾活检患者的临床病理资料,对本地区肾脏疾病的临床病理特征进行回顾性分析。结果 9 825例病例中男女比例为1.22∶1,发病高峰年龄为40～60岁。其中原发性肾小球疾病7 524例,占所有病例的76.58%,常见的病理类型依次为膜性肾病(53.08%),IgA肾病(25.23%)和微小病变性肾小球肾炎(15.47%),膜性肾病构成比呈逐渐增加趋势。在继发性肾病中,最常见为狼疮肾炎(21.08%);其次为糖尿病肾病(18.70%)和高血压肾损伤(17.26%)。结论本地区肾脏疾病多见于中年人,以原发性肾小球疾病最常见,其中膜性肾病和IgA肾病是最多见的病理类型,膜性肾病的检出明显高于全国其他地区,且有增高趋势。继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮肾炎、糖尿病肾病及高血压肾损伤为常见。     

996例肾活检临床病理分析

目的 回顾性分析本院肾脏内科近10年肾活检病理类型及疾病谱变化.方法 收集2006年2月至2016年2月期间996例肾活检患者临床病理资料,分析肾脏疾病临床病理特点.结果 996例肾活检患者中,原发性肾小疾病760例,占76.31％,继发性肾小球疾病211例,占21.18％,肾小管间质性疾病22例,占2.21％,遗传性肾病3例,占0.30％.原发性肾小球疾病最常见病理类型为IgA肾病238例,占31.32％,其次为系膜增生性肾炎199例,占26.18％,膜性肾病127例,占16.71％.继发性肾小球疾病最常见为狼疮性肾炎76例,占36.02％,其次为紫癜性肾炎56例,占26.54％,乙肝相关性肾炎24例,占11.37％.原发性肾小球疾病临床表现最常见为肾病综合征446例,占58.68％,其次为慢性肾炎223例,占29.34％,隐匿性肾小球肾炎69例,占9.08％.结论 原发性肾小球疾病是目前临床最常见肾小球疾病,其病理类型以IgA肾病最为常见,近年来膜性肾病所占比例明显增高.继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮性肾炎最为常见,乙肝相关性肾炎所占比例较前增高.     

肾活检患者451例临床与病理构成对比分析

目的 分析珠海地区肾脏疾病的病理及临床特点.方法 回顾性分析我院451例肾活检患者的临床及病理资料,探讨其病因、临床特点及病理类型的关系.结果 451例肾活检患者中,男、女高峰发病年龄为19～37岁,分别占59%及65%.原发性肾小球疾病共369例（占81.81%）,临床类型排在前3位的依次为无症状血尿、蛋白尿149例（占40.38%）、慢性肾小球肾炎104例（占28.18%）、肾病综合征76例（占20.60%）,病理类型排在前3位的依次为IgA肾病251例（占68.02%）、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）33例（占8.94%）、微小病变型肾病（MCD）24例（占6.50%）;继发性肾小球疾病69例（占15.30%）,临床类型排在前3位的依次为狼疮肾炎26例（占37.68%）、乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎24例（占34.78%）、紫癜肾炎9例（占13.04%）.结论 原发性肾小球疾病是目前最主要的肾小球疾病,IgA肾病在原发性肾脏疾病中发病率最高,继发性肾小球疾病中狼疮肾炎排在首位.     

919例肾活检资料流行病学分析

目的：了解河南北部农村地区肾活检资料的流行病学特点及病理类型与临床表现之间的联系。方法：回顾性分析1996年1月～2008年12月919例因肾脏疾病而行肾活检患者的性别、年龄、病理类型及临床表现。结果：本组患者做肾活检时的年龄16岁～72岁,平均（33.1±14.1）岁;男508例（55.3%）,女411例（45.7%）。16岁～50岁患者770例（83.8%）。除狼疮性肾炎（LN）外,大多数肾脏疾病多发于男性。在原发性肾小球疾病中,最常见的临床综合征是原发性肾病综合征（PNS）和慢性肾炎综合征（CNS）分别为43.3%、35.4%。在继发性肾脏疾病病变中,紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）最为常见,其次为LN。在表现肾病综合征的疾病中,最常见的病理类型分别为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）、IgA肾病（IgAN）,分别为39.5%、18.4%;在表现慢性肾炎综合征的疾病中,最常见的病理类型分别为IgAN（39.6%）,MsP（32.4%）。结论：河南北部农村地区最常见的肾小球疾病病理多为MsPGN;16岁～40岁男性是肾小球疾病的高发人群;临床多表现为肾病综合征。     

1224例肾活检病理资料分析

目的 探讨本院近5年1224例肾活检资料的流行病学特点及病理类型分布特征.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年12月1224例肾脏疾病经皮肾活检的病理类型.结果 1224例肾脏疾病患者行肾活检时的年龄范围为4 ～ 82岁,男661例,女563例.本组原发性肾小球疾病占81.70％,继发性肾小球疾病占12.17％,小管间质疾病占5.07％,代谢相关性肾病占0.82％,移植肾占0.16％,未确定诊断0.08％.原发性肾小球疾病以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最为常见,占30.30％,其次分别为IgA肾病28.00％,膜性肾病17.50％,局灶节段性肾小球硬化10.50％,增生硬化性肾炎3.90％,膜增生性肾小球肾炎3.10％,新月体肾炎2.60％,微小病变性肾病2.50％,毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎1.60％.继发性肾损害最常见的继发肾脏病是狼疮性肾炎31.54％,其次分别是高血压肾损害27.52％,紫癜性肾炎13.42％,肾脏淀粉样变性11.4％,糖尿病肾病7.38％,乙肝病毒相关性肾损害2.68％,血栓性微血管病2.01％.结论 原发性肾小球疾病仍为最常见的肾小球疾病,其中以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最为常见,IgA肾病次之.且IgA肾病发病率呈逐年上升趋势.另外,继发性肾脏病逐渐增多,继发性肾脏疾病中仍以狼疮性肾炎最为多见.通过肾活检和临床病理讨论,不仅能明确疾病的病理类型,更重要的是指导临床治疗,选择最佳的治疗方案,并对疾病的预后作出比较正确的判断.     

肾病综合征1009例病理类型及流行病学分析

目的探讨肾活组织病理检查（下称肾活检）在肾病综合征诊治中的意义。方法选择近10年诊断为肾病综合征患者1009例，分析肾活组织穿刺检查术后的病理结果。结果原发性肾小球肾炎占71．9％，病理类型以非IgA系膜增生性肾炎、IgA肾病及膜性肾病多见；继发性肾病综合征占28．1％，其中居前3位的是狼疮性肾炎、过敏性紫癜性肾炎和乙肝病毒相关性肾炎。结论肾活检对肾病综合征的诊断、治疗及评估预后有重要意义。     

451例肾活检临床病理分析

目的:探讨肾脏病理类型分布及临床、病理类型特点并分析其相互关系。方法:收集2015年04月～2019年02月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院肾病科451例≥14岁肾活检患者资料,根据患者性别、年龄、地域,分析肾脏各病理类型的变化及分布。结果:(1)原发性肾小球疾病(PGD) 376例(83. 37%),继发性肾小球疾病(SGD) 66例(14. 63%),肾小管间质性疾病6例(1. 33%),遗传性肾病2例(0. 44%)急性肾衰竭1例(0. 22%)。(2)原发性肾小球疾病最常见病理类型为Ig A肾病(208例,55. 32%),其次为膜性肾病(80例,21. 28%),局灶节段性肾小球硬化症(40例,10. 64%);继发性肾小球疾病最常见的病理类型为糖尿病肾病(32例,48. 48%),其次是紫癜性肾炎(11例,16. 67%),乙肝相关性肾炎(9例,13. 64%);(3)PGD的临床表现以肾炎综合征(184例,48. 94%)为主;其次是无症状尿检异常(74例,19. 68%)和肾病综合征(63例,16. 76%)。结论:本院IgA肾病是原发性肾小球疾病最常见的肾小球疾病,其次是膜性肾病,继发性肾脏疾病中糖尿病肾病占第一位。肾脏病理类型与患者年龄、性别、临床表现有有一定相关性,但未构成明确的规律对应关系,故对于肾脏疾病,肾活检仍是明确诊断,指导治疗的最佳手段。     

单中心肾活检临床和病理特点分析

目的:总结和分析单中心肾脏疾病的病理类型和临床特征。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月1日～2018年5月31日在南充市中心医院行肾活检患者肾脏病理类型及临床分型的特点。结果:283例肾活检患者中,男女比例为1∶1. 18,发病高峰年龄为41岁～65岁。原发性肾脏病211例(74. 56%),其中肾小球疾病208例(73. 50%),常见的病理类型依次为膜性肾病73例(35. 10%)、Ig A肾病61例(29. 33%)、微小病变性肾病54例(25. 96%);继发性肾脏病64例(22. 61%),其中肾小球疾病62例(21. 91%),以狼疮肾炎最常见(35例,占56. 45%)。原发性肾小球疾病的临床类型分别为肾病综合征135例(64. 90%),慢性肾炎综合征52例(25. 00%),无症状血尿和/或蛋白尿19例(9. 13%),急性肾炎综合征1例(0. 48%),急进性肾炎综合征1例(0. 48%)。结论:南充地区肾脏疾病多见于中青年,原发性肾脏病是本地区最常见的肾脏疾病,原发和继发性肾脏病均以肾小球疾病最常见。膜性肾病是原发性肾小球疾病最常见的病理类型。狼疮肾炎是最常见的继发性肾脏病,且病理类型以Ⅳ-G(±V)型最常见。     

近20年肾脏病理谱变化趋势的回顾性分析

目的 通过对近20年肾脏病理类型的回顾性分析,为我国肾脏疾病谱的构成及其演变趋势提供信息.方法 回顾性分析近20年我科因肾脏疾病行肾活检患者4 105例的病理类型,并比较1994年～2003年与2004年～2013年前后10年间肾脏病理类型的变化.病理分型参考WHO1995年肾小球疾病组织学分型方案和2001年在全国肾活检病理诊断研讨会上拟定的肾活检病理诊断标准指导意见,结合临床资料、实验室检查结果、免疫病理及超微结构改变特点明确诊断.结果 本组4 105例肾脏疾病患者行肾活检时的平均年龄（34.5±12.3）岁,男女比例为0.85∶1.本组原发性肾小球疾病者3 410例（占83.0％）,继发性肾小球疾病者516例（占12.6％）,遗传性肾脏疾病者42例（占1.0％）,肾小管间质疾病者76例（占1.9％）,新发现罕见肾脏疾病者10例（占0.2％）,未分类者51例（占1.3％）.原发性肾小球疾病以IgA肾病最为常见1 450例（占42.5％）,最常见的继发性肾脏病是狼疮肾炎254例（占49.2％）.近10年肾活检患者人数明显增加,年龄增高,平均年龄从（31.9±11.2）岁增至（35.1±12.5）岁,40岁以上患者数量明显增多.分析前后10年间各种原发及继发性肾脏病的检出率,证实IgA肾病、膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症、微小病变均增多（均P＜0.01）,而系膜增生性病变、增生硬化性肾小球肾炎、膜增生性肾小球肾炎、硬化性肾小球肾炎则减少（均P＜0.01）.近10年还发现了一些少见的肾脏疾病（如：胶原Ⅲ肾病、纤维性肾小球病、免疫触须样肾小球病、肾小球囊肿病、脂蛋白肾病等）.结论 原发性肾小球疾病仍为我国最常见的肾小球疾病,近10年来,肾脏疾病谱发生了变化,其变化可能与医疗水平的提高和实际发病率的改变有关.     

环孢素A在不同病理类型慢性肾小球疾病治疗中的应用进展

慢性肾小球疾病可分为原发性和继发性,原发性肾小球疾病中常见的病理类型包括以下5种：膜性肾病（membranous nephropathy,MN）、微小病变型肾病（minimal change glomerulonephropathy,MCD）、系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,MsPGN,包括IgA系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎和非IgA系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎）、局灶节段性肾小球硬化（focal segmental glomerular sclerosis,FSGS）和膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,MPGN）,常见的继发性肾小球疾病的病理类型有狼疮肾炎、过敏性紫癜性肾炎、乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎等.     

The spectrum of children's kidney diseases—9925 renal biopsy-proven cases from a single center of China between 2004 and 2017

Objective To analyze the spectrum of children's kidney pathology by renal biopsy. Methods The clinical and pathological data of the cases in Jinling Hospital involving the patients younger than 18 years old who received renal biopsy from April 1st, 2004 to December 31th, 2017 were retrospectively collected, and compared with the renal pathological data of 1611 children aged 0-18 years from June 1982 to March 2004. Results This study included 9925 cases of kidney diseases proven by renal biopsy. The ratio of male to female was 1.79∶1. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) accounted for 66.14%, and secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN) accounted for 28.00%. Top five of the PGN were IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 19.11%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 16.07%), minimal change disease (MCD, 14.20%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, 6.19%) and membranous nephropathy (MN, 4.70%) in whole children, IgAN (13.12%), MsPGN (11.20%), MCD(10.63%), FSGS (4.55%) and MN (2.54%) in males, and IgAN (5.99%), MsPGN (4.87%), MCD (3.57%), MN (2.16%) and FSGS (1.63%) in females. Top three of the SGN were Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN, 17.74%), lupus nephritis (LN, 8.23%) and vasculitis nephropathy (1.82%). The male was in a dominant position in all kinds of pathologic types than female except LN. HSPN was the most frequent type in adolescents between 6-13 years old. LN was the commonest one in 14-18-year-old girls, while IgAN was the the most common in 14-18-year-old boys. Post infective nephritis was the most popular in 12-14-year-old teenagers. It was also found that MN ascended in female. When compared with the data before 2004, HSPN and LN accounted for a greater proportion in SGN, post infective nephritis displayed a smaller proportion. Conclusions PGN is the mainly kind of glomerular disease as before, and immune disorder related to glomerular diseases increase and post infective nephritis decreases in proportion. This study provides the reference and epidemic data for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of children's renal diseases.     

Spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in northwest China: a review of 30 years of experiences

Purpose

Large-scale, contemporary studies assessing the spectrum of kidney diseases in northwest China are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the profile of 30-year temporal changes in biopsy-proven kidney diseases in northwest China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included all patients with a native kidney biopsy specimen in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between 1989 and 2018. Data on demographic characteristics and pathological diagnosis were extracted from medical records and pathological reports. Changing patterns of kidney diseases over the study period and disease distributions in different gender and age groups were examined.

Results

This study included 13,620 patients with a mean age of 38.5?±?16.5 years and included 58.2% of men. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN), second glomerulonephritis (SGN), tubulointerstitial disease, and other renal diseases accounted for 79.1, 18.3, 2.4, and 0.2% of all kidney diseases, respectively. In PGN, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (25.1%) was the most common type, followed by non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) (24.9%) and membranous nephropathy (MN) (17.4%). The frequency of MN dramatically increased (p?<?0.001) over the course of the study. Lupus nephritis (6.2%) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) (4.9%) were leading SGN diagnosis. The frequencies of IgAN, non-IgA MsPGN, and HSPN declined, while those of ANCA/pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy significantly increased.

Conclusion

PGN continues to be the predominant kidney disease in northwest China, and IgAN is the most common type. The frequencies of MN and diabetic nephropathy significantly increased. These findings might be explained by behavioral and environmental exposures and provide implications on future hypothesis-driven research.

     

The role of sulfatides in autoimmunity in children with various glomerular disease]

Previous studies have suggested that autoimmunity to a number of kidney antigens may exist in glomerular disease. Our own work suggested that sulfatide which is one of the major acidic glycolipids of human kidney may be antigenic. Glycolipids were isolated from lipid extract of human kidney using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). As the major acidic glycolipids, sulfatide, CDH-sulfate, GM3, GD3 were identified. Acidic fraction of lipid extract were chromatographed and then tested for antigen by immunostaining. Sera from patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) contained antibody to the sulfatide of human kidney as determined by the direct binding of antibody to TLC. In addition, we measured the presence of sulfatide antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of patients with various glomerular disease: IgAN, HSPN, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), focal and segmental glomeruosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSAGN), and lupus nephritis (LN). IgM class sulfatide antibody were demonstrated in many cases of them. The incidence of IgA class sulfatide antibody in HSPN and IgAN was significantly high, and also the high incidence of IgG class sulfatide antibody occurred in IgAN. On the other hand, we evaluated cellular hypersensitivity to sulfatide in IgAN, HSPN, and FSGS using an active E-rosette assay. Positive results occurred in IgAN and HSPN. It was suggested that delayed hypersensitivity to sulfatide may generate an autoimmune inflammatory process. It has been reported that laminin binds specifically to sulfatide. Autoimmunity to sulfatide may disturb the laminin binding and consequently interfere with renal function. These results suggested sulfatide antigen may play important role in occurrence and aggravation of glomerular disease.     

不同病理类型肾病患者蛋白尿成分与肾脏病理的关系

目的 探讨不同病理类型原发性肾小球肾炎 (PGN) 患者的尿蛋白成分与肾脏病理的关系。 方法 对象为117例PGN患者。采用散射比浊法行尿蛋白成分分析。检测患者的Scr、24 h尿蛋白量。将上述指标与肾脏病理评分进行统计学分析。结果 轻微病变(MCD)患者尿白蛋白(Alb)浓度最高；尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)以硬化性肾小球肾炎(SGN)患者最高。在肾小管间质评分中，尿IgG/总蛋白(IgG/Tpro)、尿转铁蛋白(TRF)和β2-MG是主要的相关因子，而IgG/Tpro与肾小球硬化有相关性。尿TRF和β2-MG分别是IgA肾病(IgAN)和MCD患者肾小管间质损害评分的重要影响因子。尿TRF、IgG、λ轻链和β2-MG是影响膜性肾病(MN)肾小管间质损害评分的重要因素。结论 不同病理类型的PGN患者尿蛋白组成有差异，尿IgG、尿转铁蛋白及β2-MG浓度与肾小管间质损害的关系密切。     

1148例新疆地区肾活检病理资料分析

目的:分析肾活检资料的地域、种族特点,为肾脏疾病的特异性诊治提供依据.方法:回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院1 148例肾活检病例的临床资料,进行统计学分析.结果:原发性肾小球肾炎占76.1%,其常见病理类型为非IgA肾病、IgA肾病;继发性肾小球肾炎占13.0%,其中以狼疮性肾炎最为常见;各病理类型分布在维吾尔族与...     

Analysis of 4931 renal biopsy data in central China from 1994 to 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changing spectrum and clinicopathologic correlation of biopsy-proven renal diseases in central China. We retrospectively analyzed data of 4931 patients who underwent renal biopsy in ten hospitals between September 1994 and December 2014. Among them, 81.55% were primary glomerular diseases (GD), and 13.02% were secondary GD. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most common primary GD (43.45%), followed by focal glomerulonephritis (16.79%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 14.35%), and membranous nephropathy (MN, 13.28%). IgAN was leading primary GD in patients under 60 years old, while MN was the leading one over 60 years old. The most frequent secondary GD was lupus nephritis (LN) (47.35%). The prevalence of IgAN, MN and minimal change disease was found to increase significantly (p?<?0.001, p?<?0.001, and p?<?0.01, respectively), while that of MsPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and LN decreased significantly (p?<?0.001, p?<?0.001, and p?<?0.05, respectively). The main indication for renal biopsy was proteinuria and hematuria (49.03%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (NS, 20.36%). IgAN was the most common cause in patients with proteinuria and hematuria, chronic-progressive kidney injury, hematuria and acute kidney injury; and MN was the leading cause of NS. Primary GD remained the predominant renal disease in central China. IgAN and LN were the most prevalent histopathologic lesions of primary and secondary GD, respectively. The spectrum of biopsy-proven renal disease had a great change in the past two decades. Proteinuria and hematuria was the main indication for renal biopsy.     

Detection of urinary macrophages expressing the CD16 (Fc gamma RIII) molecule: a novel marker of acute inflammatory glomerular injury

BACKGROUND: The CD16 antigen is the Fc gamma receptor III. CD14+CD16+ cells are proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages (Mo/M phi) that constitute a minor population in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. Little is known about the expression of CD16 antigen on Mo/M phi in glomerulonephritis. METHODS: Flow cytometric analyses were performed on urine and blood samples obtained from 209 patients with various renal diseases. Patients variously suffered from rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), lupus nephritis (LN), acute interstitial nephritis, hereditary nephropathy, idiopathic renal hematuria (IRH), and renal stone. RESULTS: The CD16+ M phi population of cells was present in the urine of hematuria-positive patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis, including AGN, IgAN, RPGN, MPGN, and LN with acute inflammatory lesions, such as endocapillary proliferation, tuft necrosis, and cellular crescents. In contrast, the urinary CD16+ M phi population was negligible in hematuria-positive patients with nonproliferative renal disease, including hereditary nephropathy, IRH, and renal stone and also in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis lacking acute inflammatory lesions. Total urinary M phi of these patients were much less than those of patients having proliferative glomerulonephritis with acute inflammatory lesions. Transient expansion of the CD16+ M phi population in urine was observed during the acute exacerbation of urinary abnormalities, whereas the disappearance of CD16+ M phi closely preceded the amelioration of urinary abnormalities in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis. In 38 of the 98 patients positive for CD16+ M phi population in urine, the CD16+ Mo population was negligible in peripheral blood. Immunohistochemically, CD16+ M phi were present in the glomeruli of active proliferative glomerulonephritis, whereas such cells were absent in inactive proliferative glomerulonephritis or nonproliferative glomerular diseases. CONCLUSION: CD16+ M phi may be effector cells involved in the acute inflammation common to all types of proliferative glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, the detection of CD16+ M phi in urine, as well as urinary M phi counts, may serve as a useful indicator of the active stage of proliferative glomerulonephritis.