深低温停循环全主动脉弓置换术后重度全身炎性反应综合征的危险因素

目的回顾性分析深低温停循环全主动脉弓置换术患者的临床资料,探索全主动脉弓置换术后重度全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)发生的围术期危险因素。方法通过分析我院北楼2013年5月至2015年8月全部深低温停循环下行全主动脉弓置换术患者的临床数据,根据术后48小时内SIRS评分,将患者分为非重度组(N组,SIRS评分≤3分)和重度组(S组,SIRS评分为4分),比较两组患者围术期各项临床指标,计算患者术后重度全身炎性反应综合征的发生率,并通过Logistics回归分析找出该类手术病人术后重度SIRS的围术期危险因素。结果共入选118例患者,男性92例(77.9%),术后有50例(42.4%)发生重度SIRS。与非重度SIRS组相比,重度SIRS组术后ICU停留时间(4.54±3.27d vs2.84±2.46d,P=0.002)及住院时间(11.92±4.68d vs9.93±3.23d,P=0.007)明显延长。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:术前合并高血压(OR=2.901,95%CI=1.121-7.507,P=0.028)及手术时间(OR=1.006,95%CI=1.001-1.021,P=0.033)是全主动脉弓置换术后发生重度SIRS的独立危险因素。结论深低温停循环下全主动脉弓置换术后重度SIRS的发生率较高(42.4%),并延长患者ICU停留时间及住院时间。术前患有高血压及手术时间是全主动脉弓置换术后重度SIRS发生的独立危险因素。     

主动脉弓部手术中单用深低温停循环与结合选择性顺行脑灌注临床疗效比较的Meta分析

目的:探讨在主动脉弓部手术中单独使用深低温停循环(DHCA)与DHCA结合选择性顺行脑灌注(ASCP)两种技术的临床疗效差异。方法:检索Cochrane图书馆、Pub Med、EMBASE、万方和中国知网数据库,搜索2009年1月至2019年9月包含主动脉弓部手术的全部相关文献并进行筛选,以术后早期死亡、短暂性神经功能障碍(TND)、脑卒中及永久性神经功能障碍(PND)为结局进行Meta分析。每项研究均使用DHCA和DHCA+ASCP中终点数据产生RR和95%CI进行比较,使用Egger检验测试发表偏倚。结果:共纳入14项研究,包含5 008例患者,其中3 278例接受DHCA+ASCP治疗(DHCA+ASCP组),1 730例接受DHCA治疗(DHCA组)。结果显示,DHCA+ASCP组在术后早期死亡(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.62～0.88,P=0.001)和PND(RR=0.79,95%CI:0.63～0.99,P=0.041)方面均优于DHCA组;两组在脑卒中(RR=0.72,95%CI:0.47～1.10,P=0.130)和TND(RR=0.99,95%CI:0.76～1.29,P=0.930)方面差异无统计学意义。结论:在主动脉弓部手术中,使用DHCA+ASCP可以降低术后早期死亡风险,减少永久性神经功能障碍的发生风险。     

重度全身炎性反应综合征对全主动脉弓置换术后早期临床结局的影响

目的回顾性分析深低温停循环全主动脉弓置换术患者的临床资料,探索重度全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)对全主动脉弓置换术后早期临床结局的影响。方法通过分析我院2013年5月至2014年12月全部深低温停循环下行全主动脉弓置换术患者的临床数据,根据术后48小时内SIRS评分,将患者分为非重度组(N组,SIRS评分≤3分)和重度组(S组,SIRS评分为4分),比较两组患者术后住院期间各种并发症的发生情况,分析重度SIRS对全主动脉弓置换术后早期各项临床结局的影响。结果共入选269例患者,男性196例(72.8%),术后有104例(38.6%)发生重度SIRS。与非重度SIRS组相比,重度SIRS组术后机械通气时间(82.6±22.1h vs 37.4±15.0 h,P=0.011)、ICU停留时间(7.2±6.1d 3.8±2.2d,P0.001)及住院时间(14.7±10.9d vs 12.1±6.5d,P=0.006)明显延长;且两组在院内死亡率(1.1%vs 4.9%,P0.05),血液透析发生率(7.8%vs 20.1%,P0.01),肺部感染发生率(19.8%vs 40.9%,P0.01),二次插管(2.8%vs 9.8%,P0.01),气管切开(0.6%vs 6.7%,P0.01),消化道出血(2.0%vs 6.1%,P0.05)方面有明显的统计学差异;而两组患者脑卒中(1.4%vs 3.7%,P=0.18)、截瘫(2.5%vs 5.5%,P=0.084)、谵妄(2.8%vs 5.5%,P=0.127)、二次开胸止血(3.1%vs 4.9%,P=0.307)发生率无明显差异。结论重度SIRS在深低温停循环下全主动脉弓置换术后的发生率较高(38.6%),并延长患者术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间及住院时间,明显增加住院期间死亡、肺部感染、血滤、二次气管插管、气管切开、消化道出血的发生率。     

老年轻型缺血性脑卒中早期进展的临床研究

目的探讨老年轻型缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能缺损加重的相关因素。方法选择2013年6月~2017年7月在北京市中关村医院神经内科住院的轻型缺血性脑卒中患者200例,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分≤3分,根据病情是否进展分为进展组52例,非进展组148例。对比分析2组患者既往病史、临床症状、体征及实验室检查结果、影像资料。结果进展组糖尿病、脑卒中、血压节律异常、NIHSS评分、高敏C反应蛋白、血管狭窄闭塞、多发病灶、分水岭区脑梗死比例明显高于非进展组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。多元logistic回归分析显示,高敏C反应蛋白(OR=3.113,95%CI:1.483~6.532,P=0.003)、血压节律异常(OR=2.724,95%CI:1.291~5.749,P=0.009)、血管狭窄闭塞(OR=3.499,95%CI:1.557~7.860,P=0.002)、多发病灶(OR=2.794,95%CI:1.359~5.744,P=0.005)及分水岭区脑梗死(OR=3.843,95%CI:1.752~8.426,P=0.001)为老年轻型脑卒中早期进展的独立预测因素。结论高敏C反应蛋白、血压节律异常、血管狭窄闭塞、多发病灶及分水岭区脑梗死可能为老年轻型缺血性脑卒中早期进展的预测因素。     

右美托咪定对全主动脉弓置换术后重度全身炎性反应综合征的影响

目的探索术中输注右美托咪定对全主动脉弓置换术患者术后重度全身炎性反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS)及早期临床结局的影响。方法选择我院2013年1月至2015年12月在深低温停循环下行全主动脉弓置换术患者522例,根据术中是否连续输注右美托咪定将患者分为右美托咪定组(dexmedetomidine Group, D)和非右美托咪定组(Non-dexmedetomidine Group, Non-D),其中约474 (90.80%)例患者术中使用右美托咪定。比较两组患者术后短期并发症的发生情况,并采用多因素logistic回归分析术后出现重度SIRS的危险因素。结果术后Non-D组发展为重度SIRS的患者比例明显高于D组,[50%(24/48) vs 29.54%(140/474),P=0.004]。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术中未使用右美托咪啶是术后重度SIRS的独立危险因素(OR=2.548,95%CI=1.360-4.773,P=0.003)。D组术后需血液滤过支持治疗的患者比例明显少于Non-D组,10.76%(51/472) vs 20.83%(10/48),P=0.038。D组术后死亡率为2.32%(11/472),Non-D组死亡率为2.08%(1/48),P=1.000。D组与Non-D组术后平均机械通气时间(20.0h vs24.5h,P=0.112)、平均ICU停留时间(3.0d vs3.0d,P=0.837)及术后平均住院时间(11.0d vs 11d,P=0.518)均无明显统计学差异。结论右美托咪定的抗炎作用可以降低全主动脉弓置换术后重症SIRS的发生率。     

缺血性脑卒中危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨缺血性脑卒中(ICS)的危险因素对其发病的影响。方法:在哈尔滨市动力区40岁的12 241人中,选择既往已确诊ICS的患者350例为卒中组,另随机抽取该地区经查体的40岁以上非ICS人群350人为对照组。比较两组的ICS危险因素,利用多因素Logistic回归分析ICS发病的独立危险因素。结果:(1)除饮食口味(P0.01)外,两组的年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业等一般情况无明显差异(P0.05);(2)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:两组的高血压病(OR=5.853,95%CI:3.188~10.673)、高脂血症(OR=5.601,95%CI:2.378~9.635)、颈动脉斑块(OR=4.963,95%CI:2.350~9.843)、心脏病(OR=4.568,95%CI:2.535~7.745)、高同型半胱氨酸血症(OR=4.076,95%CI:3.001~8.270)、明显超重(OR=3.421,95%CI:1.598~6.476)和脑血管病家族史(OR=3.065,95%CI:2.543~4.236)为ICS发病的独立危险因素(P均0.01)。根据OR值的大小,ICS的危险因素由大到小依次为:高血压病、高脂血症、颈动脉斑块、心脏病、高同型半胱氨酸血症、明显超重和脑血管病家族史。结论:除了传统的高血压病史、血脂异常和脑血管病家族史等危险因素以外,颈动脉斑块、心脏病、高同型半胱氨酸血症和明显超重也是脑卒中的重要危险因素。     

轻型缺血性脑卒中患者急性期神经功能恶化的相关因素分析

目的观察中国国家卒中登记(CNSR)研究中轻型缺血性脑卒中患者急性期神经功能恶化的相关因素。方法以2007年9月~2008年8月CNSR收集的22 216例急性脑血管病患者资料为数据来源,符合入组标准轻型缺血性脑卒中患者2424例,根据临床预后分为恶化组368例,未恶化组2056例,通过单因素和多因素分析寻找与急性期神经功能恶化相关的因素。结果恶化组患者住院时间、糖尿病、新发脑卒中、急性感染、痫性发作、应激性血糖升高、下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞发生率较未恶化组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,入院NIHSS评分(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.03~1.13,P=0.003)、糖尿病(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.26~2.37,P=0.001)、新发脑卒中(OR=9.07,95%CI:5.39~15.26,P=0.000)和急性感染(OR=2.37,95%CI:1.50~3.76,P=0.000)是急性期神经功能恶化的独立预测因素。结论糖尿病、入院NIHSS评分、新发脑卒中、急性感染可能是轻型缺血性脑卒中患者急性期神经功能恶化风险升高的预测因素。     

重症监护病房非心脏手术患者术后新发房颤危险因素

目的调查重症监护病房(ICU)非心脏手术患者术后新发房颤(POAF)的发生情况,分析其危险因素及对近期预后的影响。方法采用回顾性、病例配对的方法。在2011年1月至2013年12月期间收住ICU的非心脏手术后成年患者2586例中,筛查术后住院期间新发房颤病例。按照1∶2的比例,选择年龄、性别和手术部位相同的病例作为对照组。采用SPSS 21.0统计软件对数据进行分析。多因素logistic回归分析筛选危险因素。比较2组患者的近期结局。结果 2.7%(71/2586)出现术后新发房颤。高龄(年龄≥75岁)及胸科手术患者术后新发房颤发生率高。在术后新发房颤患者中,77.5%(55/71)出现在术后3 d以内,仅33.8%(24/71)患者有不适主诉。在配对人群中,脓毒症(OR=11.81,95%CI 1.72~81.00,P=0.012)、低钾血症(OR=19.48,95%CI 2.31~164.09,P=0.006)、术后急性充血性心力衰竭(OR=9.91,95%CI1.92~51.22,P=0.006)及新发其他类型心律失常(OR=20.32,95%CI 3.51~117.55,P=0.001)是术后新发房颤的独立危险因素。术后新发房颤伴随机械通气时间及ICU停留时间延长及住院死亡率增高。结论非心脏手术入ICU的患者中术后新发房颤发生率为2.7%,多见于高龄(≥75岁)和胸科手术患者。在病例配对人群中,脓毒症、急性充血性心力衰竭、低钾血症和新发非房颤心律失常是术后新发房颤的危险因素。新发房颤伴随预后恶化。     

影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的院内延误因素分析

目的探讨急性缺血性卒中患者应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的院内延误影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2006年1月至2015年5月华北理工大学附属唐山市工人医院神经内科收治的急性缺血性卒中患者220例,均接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分平均为(16±8)分。根据患者到达医院至静脉溶栓的时间(DNT),分为延误组(DNT60 min,151例)和非延误组(DNT≤60 min,69例)。记录两组基线资料、实验室检查、发病到入院时间、影像学检查、急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)病因分型,对两组进行单因素分析,并进一步行多因素Logistic分析。结果 (1)非延误组既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史的比例、入院时血糖水平、发病到入院时间均高于延误组,组间差异均有统计学意义[43.5%(30/69)比3.3%(5/151)、(7.9±3.0)mmol/L比(6.9±2.1)mmol/L、(95±53)min比(80±34)min,均P0.05];两组TOAST分型构成比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);其余基线资料及临床特征的组间差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.109~0.998,P=0.046)、入院时血糖水平升高(OR:0.775,95%CI:0.657~0.914,P=0.005)、发病到入院时间延长(OR=0.648,95%CI:0.504~0.831,P=0.013)、颈内动脉病变(OR=0.192,95%CI:0.038~0.960,P=0.044)发生溶栓治疗院内延误的风险低;入院时收缩压升高(OR=1.275,95%CI:1.091~1.491,P=0.027)、心源性脑栓塞(OR=3.892,95%CI:1.661~9.112,P=0.006)发生溶栓治疗院内延误的风险高。结论患者既往有短暂性脑缺血发作病史、入院时血糖较高、发病到入院时间较长、存在颈内动脉病变,可能引起家属和诊后医师的重视,不易发生溶栓院内延误,而入院时收缩压较高、心源性脑栓塞易发生院内延误。     

血浆高半胱氨酸水平与动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病的相关性

目的 探讨血浆高半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病的关系.方法 选取动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病缺血性卒中患者(类烟雾病组)95例、大动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者(卒中组)95例、健康志愿者(对照组)94例.检测血浆Hcy水平,收集人口统计学资料、血管危险因素和实验室检查结果 .分析血浆Hcy水平与动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病的相关性.结果 类烟雾病组高血压、高脂血症、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史、高同种半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)的患者构成比以及收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、Hcy、维生素B12、叶酸水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.017);类烟雾病组既往卒中或TIA史的患者构成比以及收缩压和叶酸水平与卒中组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.017).与对照组比较,多变量logistic回归分析显示,HHcy[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.806,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.348~2.420;P<0.001]、 既往卒中或TIA史(OR 3.519,95%CI 1.709~7.028;P=0.013)、收缩压(OR 1.099,95%CI 1.035~1.168;P=0.002)、LDL-C(OR 38.473,95%CI 6.384~231.842;P<0.001)是动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病的独立危险因素,HDL-C(OR 0.025,95%CI 0.001~0.768;P=0.035)和叶酸(OR 0.779,95%CI 0.608~0.996;P=0.047)是其独立保护因素;与卒中组比较,多变量logistic回归分析显示,既往卒中或TIA史(OR 3.280,95%CI 1.664~6.466;P=0.001)、收缩压(OR 1.019,95%CI 1.002~1.035;P=0.029)是类烟雾病的独立危险因素,叶酸(OR 0.845,95%CI 0.750~0.952;P=0.006)是其独立保护因素.结论 血浆Hcy水平升高是动脉粥样硬化性类烟雾病的独立危险因素,在其发病机制中起重要作用.     

3例主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层合并主动脉良性肿瘤及瘤样病变的临床病理学分析

目的:发生在主动脉的良性肿瘤并伴有主动脉疾病(主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层及马方综合征)是少见病例。本文总结分析伴有主动脉疾病的主动脉良性肿瘤及瘤样病变的临床病理特点,复习发生于主动脉良性肿瘤的文献,探讨其发生与主动脉疾病之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院病理科2006年至2012年,手术切除的胸主动脉瘤及胸主动脉夹层的标本129例,通过复习临床病历,观察HE染色切片,辅以弹力/VG及Masson等组织化学染色及SMA、CD31及CD34等免疫组织化学染色,对主动脉壁结构的改变进行分析。结果:所有病例主动脉壁均发生了结构的改变,主要是中膜弹力纤维、平滑肌及基质的变化,但有3例标本内膜增生明显,1例形成了平滑肌瘤,另2例发生了内膜下弹力纤维瘤样增生及平滑肌瘤样增生。结论:主动脉壁内不同组成成分的改变,使得主动脉壁重构,导致主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层的形成,而某一单一成分过度增生可形成主动脉腔内的肿瘤。     

3D-echo in preoperative assessment of aortic cusps effective height

Effective height,which represents the height difference between the central free margins and the aortic insertion lines can be easily determined by 2-D echocardiography and allows for identification of prolapse in the native cusps and assessment of prolapse correction after valve repair.Nonetheless,it allows to see only two of three aortic valve(AV)coaptation planes and this may lead to misunderstanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism for aortic regurgitation and hence in unsuccessful repair.In contrast,3D transoesophageal echocardiography and multiple plane reconstruction lets visualize all the three coaptation planes between the AV cusps and it represents an invaluable tool in the assessment of aortic valve geometry.It is highly recommendable before AV repair to accurately study the complex three dimensional cusps anatomy and their geometric interrelation with aortic root.     

Current knowledge and contemporary management of non-A non-B aortic dissections

Non-A non-B aortic dissection (AAD) is an infrequently documented condition, comprising of only a small proportion of all AADs. The unique anatomy of the aortic arch and the failure of the existing classifications to adequately define individuals with non-A non-B AAD, have led to an ongoing controversy around the topic. It seems that the clinical progression of acute non-A non-B AAD diverges from the typical type A and B dissections, frequently leading to serious complications and thus mandating early intervention. Currently, the available treatment methods in the surgical armamentarium are conventional open, endovascular techniques and combined hybrid methods. The optimum approach is tailored in every individual case and may be determined by the dissection’s location, extent, the aortic diameter, the associated complications and the patient’s status. The management of non-A non-B dissections still remains challenging and a unanimous consensus defining the gold standard treatment has yet to be reached. In an attempt to provide further insight into this perplexing entity, we performed a minireview of the literature, aiming to elucidate the epidemiology, clinical course and the optimal treatment modality.     

Successful endovascular management of an aortic rupture following stent placement for severe atherosclerotic stenosis: A case report

Aortic rupture during endovascular procedures is a devastating complication that mandates expedient intervention. The present report describes a case in which endovascular treatment was used to successfully manage an aortic rupture following placement of a covered stent graft for severe infrarenal aortic stenosis. Successful management of this case was the result of the procedure being performed in an operating room under appropriate anesthesia and close hemodynamic monitoring. Bilateral common femoral arterial access and use of covered aortic stent grafts also contributed to a favourable outcome.     

Rates and determinants of progressive aortic valve dysfunction in aortic coarctation

Purpose

Aortic valve dysfunction is common in coarctation patients(CoA). Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) in CoA is associated with aortic valve stenosis (AS), aortic valve regurgitation (AR), and ascending aortic dilatation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of and predictors for aortic valve dysfunction in CoA.

Methods

96 CoA patients prospectively underwent echocardiography twice between 2001 and 2010. AS was defined as an aortic valve gradient ≥ 20 mm Hg, AR as none/minor, or moderate/severe. Aortic dilatation as an ascending aortic diameter ≥ 37 mm.

Results

All patients (median age 28.0 years, range 17–61 years; male 57%) were followed with a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Sixty patients (63%) had BAV. At baseline 10 patients had AS (10%, 9 BAV), 6 patients AR (6%, 3 BAV) and 11 patients aortic dilatation (11%, 11 BAV). At follow-up 15 patients had AS (15%, 13 BAV) and 12 patients AR. (13%, 8 BAV).Median AS progression was 1.1 mm Hg/5 years (range — 13–28). Determinants for AS at follow-up were age (ß = 0.20, P = 0.01), aortic dilatation (ß = 4.6, P = 0.03), and baseline aortic valve gradient (ß = 0.93, P < 0.001). BAV was predictive for AR. (ß = 0.91, P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Progression of AS in adult CoA patients is mild in this young population. Older age, aortic dilatation and the baseline aortic valve gradient are determinants for AS at follow-up. BAV is predictive for AR. These findings point towards a common embryological pathway of both valvular and aortic disease in CoA.     

Aortic valve repair and valve sparing procedures

Aortic valve repair and valve sparing procedures enable restoration of competence in regurgitant aortic valve, and thus to avoid the risks related to valve replacement. Successful aortic valve repair requires deep understanding of the static and dynamic geometry of the aortic valve and aortic root. Aortic regurgitation originates from malapposition of the aortic leaflets and it is also frequently connected to dilation of the aortic root and ascending aorta. Techniques of surgical procedures for aortic regurgitation have been subject of historical development and currently tend to simplification and standardisation. Basic principles stand upon morphological normalisation at the level of the basal ring, sinotubular junction and valve leaflets. Remodelation of the aortic root and reimplantation of the aortic valve keep to be standard procedures in case of a dystrophic dilation of the aortic root.     

Aortic valve repair in patients with aortic regurgitation: Experience with the first 100 cases

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to analyze short- and mid-term results of aortic valve repair.Material and methodsOne hundred consecutive patients (24 females; mean age 50.3 years, range 23–77 years) with aortic regurgitation underwent aortic valve repair between November 2007 and October 2012. Sixty patients had bicuspid aortic valve, and 82 patients demonstrated aortic regurgitation greater than mild (> grade 2). The ascending aorta/aortic root was replaced in 67 patients. Aortic cusp repair was necessary in 74 patients and additional aortic annulus stabilization was required in 48 cases. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 59 months (cumulative of 220 patient-years, median 25 months) and was complete in 100%.ResultsThere was no 30-day mortality and two patients died in the follow-up. The overall 4-year survival was 98% and freedom from cardiac death was 99% at 4 years. During the follow-up eight patients underwent aortic valve-related reoperation due to progression of aortic regurgitation and another six patients showed aortic regurgitation more than mild (> grade 2). In both aspects there was no statistically significant difference between patients without and with aortic root replacement (p=0.402 and p=0.650). There were no significant bleeding or thromboembolic events during the follow-up.ConclusionsShort- and mid-term data analysis revealed an excellent survival and acceptable results of aortic repair, comparable with other larger published studies. We think, therefore, aortic valve repair should be a part of contemporary cardio-surgical armamentarium, especially in younger patients with an appropriate indication.     

主动脉瓣脱垂与关闭不全的外科治疗（附56例报告）

用主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣脱垂与关闭不全患者５６例，无手术死亡者。术后平均随访２５．６个月，心功能Ｉ级５０例，Ⅱ级６例；７例仍有舒张期杂音者术后３年无变化。认为其手术的关键是主动脉瓣成形效果，并主张积极处理轻度主动脉瓣脱垂与关闭不全。