原发全身性癫痫遗传流行病学研究

本文报道１００例原发全身性癫痫家系的遗传流行病学研究结果。先证者一级亲属患病率为６．８６％，二级亲属为１．０３％；分别是对照组一级亲属的１３．８３倍和２．０８倍。原发全身性癫痫的遗传度为：一级亲属０．７５２１±０．０６７８，二级亲属０．３５９２±０．０７４６；加权平均０．５７４３±０．０５０２。说明遗传因素起重要作用。发病年龄影响因素分析表明：原发全身性癫痫有一定年龄依从性。ＥＥＧ家系分析显示，该型癫痫一级亲属癫痫样放电明显高于对照组一级亲属，提示癫痫样放电的遗传倾向。     

40例高发精神分裂症遗传效应分析

精神分裂症（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｐｈｒｅｎｉａ，简称ＳＰ）患病率较高，预后差，且遗传在病因中起着重要作用。本文收集了ＳＰ高发家系和非高发家系各４０例，并对两组先证者的患病年龄、病程、症状及预后等进行了比较，现将结果报告如下。１对象和方法对象系我院住院患者中符...     

单双相情感性障碍的家系遗传倾向研究

本文通过住院的１６９例情感性障碍先证者，就其家系成员罹患精神病情况以及某些遗传倾向进行研究分析。同时对情感性障碍的分型，临床患病等作了比较。发现３６．１％的先证者有家族精神病史，罹患病的三级亲属中，Ⅰ级亲属占６２．４％，双亲患病率为８．６％，母亲患病率显著高于父亲患病率（Ｐ＜０．００２）。提示：遗传是情感性障碍的可能病因之一，母亲患病后对其后代影响最大。单相型患者的Ⅰ级亲属患病率并不低于双相型的Ⅰ级亲属患病率。     

情感性障碍高发家系的遗传学调查

情感性障碍高发家系的遗传学调查朱少毅，蚁丽芬以ＳＡＤＳ作定式检查，按ＲＤＣ进行诊断，共３０例憎感性阻碍的住院患者，其中男１２、女１８，平均年龄３０．３岁，平均发病年龄为２１．９岁，发病２次以上者占５９．３％。以这些病例为先证者，均符合高发家系标准［家...     

1301例情感性障碍病人家系调查分析

对1301例住院的情感性障碍作家系调查。其中家族有同病患者399例,调查其2068例一级亲属,414例患有同类疾病(占20.0％),其中诊断肯定者185例,可能为情感性障碍者229例。先证者的父母、同胞和子女同病率分别为21.4％、18.2％和35.6％,而亲属中精神分裂症患者仅10例。情感性障碍同病率血缘关系越接近。患病率愈高,支持情感性障碍与遗传有着密切的关系。     

情感性精神障碍遗传学家系调查

目的评价情感性精神障碍的遗传效应。方法对符合国际疾病分类第１０版和中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第２版修订本中情感性精神障碍诊断的１０２个先证者家系登门调查。结果共调查先证者一、二级亲属４８９８人。１０２个先证者家系精神障碍的阳性率为５８．８％，其中情感性精神障碍同病率为８５．０％，遗传率加权平均值为１０６．３％±２．４％，高发家系为１５０．７％±１４．８％。结论遗传因素在情感性精神障碍病因中具有十分重要地位，遗传方式可能是具有显性主基因的多基因遗传     

121例女性精神分裂症患者生活事件调查分析

１２１例女性精神分裂症患者生活事件调查分析绵阳市精神卫生中心任明权，蒲碧清作者对１９９３．１．１─１９９３．９．２５住院诊断为精神分裂症（ＣＣＭＤ─２标准）的１２１例女患者进行生活事件与发病、家族史、治疗等调查。结果发现以生活事件起病者占４７．９％，...     

长期住院的精神分裂症男女患者对比

调查本次住院时间超过１年的精神分裂症患者临床资料,分析精神分裂症趋向慢性阶段的临床现状,长期住院原因,并对男女资料进行对比。作者单位：５１５０２１　广东汕头市第四人民医院１　对象与方法对我院男女各两个病区于１９９８年６月下旬时的精神分裂症患者进行调查,以符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ诊断标准,且住院时间超过１年者作为入组对象。在共计住院２７０例中,入组者７３例（２７．０％）。男性１１０例中入组４５例（４０．９％）,女性１６０例中入组２８例（１７．５％）,入组率以男性显著较高（χ２＝１０．１４,Ｐ＜０．０１…     

城乡社区精神分裂症发病动态的五年前瞻性定群研究

为探讨城乡社区精神分裂症的发病动态，采用前瞻性定群研究方法对城乡社区４７万人口中精神分裂症发病动态进行为期５年的研究。结果：精神分裂症５年的逐年发病率（≥１５岁人群）分别为０．１０‰，０．１２‰，０．１０‰，０．１０‰和０．１０‰，年平均发病率为０．１１‰，城乡的发病率分别为０．１０‰和０．１１‰，无显著性差异。１５～３０岁是精神分裂症的高发年龄，研究提示在一定人群中，精神分裂症的逐年发病率无明显     

躁狂发作中SS与疗效（附216例分析）

本文对我院１９９０年１月至１９９１年１２月首次住院的２１６例躁狂发作患者进行分析。结果发现ＳＳ出现率为３４．３％，ＳＳ组与无ＳＳ组相比，其索引年龄、发病年龄、病期、发作次数、住院时间、遗传史和临床治疗两组之间均无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；女性患者ＳＳ出现率高于男性患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；临床疗效与ＳＳ多寡有关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；一年内复发率ＳＳ组高于无ＳＳ组。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.