荧光原位杂交检测上海6.25事故受照者的染色体畸变

电离辐射能诱发多种染色体畸变 ,其中染色体易位属于稳定性畸变 ,并且畸变率与最初照射剂量相关良好 ,因而易位畸变分析是回顾性剂量估计及远后效应评估的重要指标。应用染色体特异性探针进行荧光原位杂交 ,能灵敏和迅速地计数易位等稳定性畸变 ,因而非常适合于早先受照者的染色体畸变分析。本实验采用该技术研究了 6 2 5钴源事故受照者外周血淋巴细胞的染色体畸变。一、材料和方法1 材料 :5例60 Ｃｏ源事故受照者曾在照后 2 4ｈ取外周血进行染色体畸变分析估计生物剂量为 1 9～ 5 1Ｇｙ ,属急性全身均匀照射。在照后第 8、9年分别取静脉…     

亚急性放射损伤的细胞遗传学特点

文报道了3例受源强320GBq的¹³⁷Cs连续照射达120～180天。临床诊断为亚急性重度 放射病。根据照后一年多系统观察外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变发现3例患者的畸变细胞率均在30～40%,明显增高,证实她们曾受到大剂量的照射。进一分析各种类型畸变, 非稳定性畸变(Cu)和稳定性畸变(Cs)均占一定比例,表明连续照射所致亚急放射损伤者,他们既有近期受照所诱发的Cu畸变; 向时又有早期受照残存的Cs畸变, 因此对亚急性放射病患者的畸变观察,除采甩常规分析Cu畸变的方法外,应同时采用核分析方法,观察Cs畸变,这是亚急性放射损伤者细胞遗传学反应的特点。     

原子力显微镜观察早先辐射事故受照射者染色体易位

目的探求原子力显微镜(AFM)在辐射诱发染色体畸变分析和结构观察等方面应用的优势，为深入探讨辐射损伤和癌变形成机理奠定基础。方法利用染色体核型自动分析系统，研究上海“6．25”事故受照射者照射后12年易位染色体的断裂点分布情况，选择断裂点好发部位的畸变进行AFM分析和结构观察，并与光学显微镜分析结果比较。结果对易位畸变的AFM分析，不仅准确地判定断裂点的确切部位，还提供了损伤热点的高分辨三维结构。结论AFM能够对辐射诱发染色体畸变的研究提供更多更确切的信息，其中损伤热点结构的观察为基因水平的深入研究提供了三维结构的依据。     

过量受照人员照后第7次细胞遗传学随访观察

众所周知，人类染色体对电离辐射非常敏感，在急性照射时淋巴细胞染色体畸变产额与所受剂量存在密切关系，在慢性小剂量和内照射时染色体畸变率也有明显改变，它出现时间早，持续时间长，可达数月或数年，不仅可用于察觉辐射损伤、估算事故受照者的生物剂量，而且还可作为辐射环境评价和辐射远后效应的重要观察指标。微核测定法不仅可以用作生物剂量估算，而且在远后效应研究中也得到广泛应用，笔者分析了受照人员照后27～36年细胞遗传学随访结果。     

M-FISH技术检测辐射诱导染色体易位和双着丝粒畸变

目的　探讨用多色荧光原位杂交 (M FISH)技术检测的易位和双着丝粒染色体畸变的差异。方法　用 1,2 ,3,7,8,9,14和 15号染色体端粒和着丝粒特异性探针的M FISH方法 ,分析6 0 Coγ射线离体照射的脐带血淋巴细胞染色体易位和双着丝粒畸变。结果　 (1)用M FISH方法分析6 0 Coγ射线诱导的易位和双着丝粒染色体畸变的剂量 效应曲线 ,均符合线性二次剂量效应模式 ;易位与双着丝粒的比值在大多数剂量水平不等于 1。 (2 )细胞中无非稳定性畸变的完全相互易位的比例随着吸收剂量的增加而降低。 (3)对大多数被标记染色体 ,3 0 0Gyγ射线照射诱发的染色体畸变观察值与理论值无差别 ;9号染色体畸变 (易位和双着丝粒 )观察值显著高于理论值 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,15号染色体易位观察值显著低于理论值 (P <0 0 1)。结论　电离辐射诱导的染色体易位率不等于双着丝粒畸变率 ;对于大多数染色体 ,辐射诱发染色体易位率和双着丝粒畸变率符合随机性规律。     

多色荧光原位杂交技术的建立及其在早先受照射者剂量重建中的应用

目的 建立多色荧光原位杂交方法，并探讨用该方法进行早先辐射受照射者的剂量重建的可行性。方法 筛选8对染色体端粒和着丝粒特异性人工细菌染色体(BAC)克隆，建立多色荧光原位杂交方法，用该方法分析^60Coγ射线离体照射的新生儿脐带血淋巴细胞染色体畸变，并建立相应的标准剂量—效应曲线，参照标准剂量—效应曲线来估算两例早先受照射者的累积吸收剂量。结果 本研究中建立的多色荧光原位杂交方法用生物素和(或)地高辛将端粒和着丝粒BACDNA标记成绿、红、黄(绿 红)3种荧光染色，使得1，2，3，7，8，9，14和15号染色体很容易辨认。用该方法分析受^60Coγ射线照射的新生儿脐带血淋巴细胞染色体畸变，除断片外，其他染色体畸变的剂量—效应曲线均为线性二次剂量反应模式。用所有细胞或稳定性细胞中的完全相互易位率作指标，估算了两例早先受射照者的吸收剂量。结论 本研究所建立的多色荧光原位杂交方法可以用来进行早先受照射者的剂量重建。     

广岛和长崎受原子弹爆炸幸存者中辐射剂量与染色体畸变之间的关系

引言在我们以前报告的第一篇材料内已经指出,在广岛和长崎受原子弹爆炸存活下来的人中,辐射引起的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变一直持续很多年;畸变细胞的频率与每个个体所接受的照射剂量成正比。结果表明,对辐射诱发的畸变细胞的计数乃是评价人们晚期体细胞辐射效应的一个有用的指标. 本文详细地叙述染色体分析的结果。样品来自广岛和长崎受原子弹爆炸而存活下来的人的外周血培养淋巴细胞,进一步得到了有关晚期体细胞辐射效应的详细资料,阐明了染色体畸变与剂量、受照射时机体的年龄、原子弹辐射成份等因素的关系。     

巴西格埃尼亚事故7.5年后~(137)Cs受照者的淋巴细胞染色体易位

目的:检测137　Cs事故受照7.5年后淋巴细胞染色体易位,并与事故后初始双着丝粒频率相比较,探讨用于辐射剂量重建的基础。方法:12例格埃尼亚事故受照者,在1995年3月(事故后7.5年)取血进行细胞遗传学检查,事故后估算的受照剂量为0.2～4.6Gy。外周血样在RPMI1640培养液中培养48h,用1、6、11和3、4、8号染色体两组探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法分析,同时进行常规方法全染色体畸变分析。取12例未受照者的淋巴细胞培养作对照。结果:对12例事故受照者用吉姆萨染色中期细胞,染色体总畸变率100个细胞变动在0.8～6.8之间,双着丝粒 环为0～2.8;与…     

广岛长崎原爆幸存者的体细胞染色体畸变

本文综述广岛,长崎原爆幸存者的体细胞受照后细胞遗传学效应的研究,主要发现如下。(1)辐射诱发染色体结构改变在照后30余年在幸存者外周血淋巴细胞中持续可见；(2)所见到的畸变类型是稳定性畸变如相互易位和臂嗣倒位,而熟知的双着丝点和环的频率在照后数年的血样中已明显减少。这表明含有非稳定性畸变的细胞照射后在体内的淋巴细胞群中经分裂而消失,(3)在两城市幸存者中,染色体畸变量和辐射个体剂量之固有密切关系,但在所有的剂量范围内,广岛的畸变率始终高于长崎。用T65D剂量所见到的两城市同的差别当改用新的原爆剂量系统时差别已不太明显,(4)原爆幸存者的物理剂量估算值在0.5Gy时就可见到畸变细胞率增加,(5)残存的染色体畸变和幸存者的健康状况之瞬的关系问题尚未解决.     

山西忻州事故中宫内受照胎儿出生后第16年随访

目的 随访1992年11月山西忻州辐射事故中意外受到60Co源照射的妊娠妇女"芳"所产女婴"京"的生长发育情况,以观察研究宫内照射的远期效应及其现实意义.方法 除了进行一般医学检查外,应用染色体畸变分析方法 和荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法 检测染色体非稳定性畸变率和稳定性畸变率,中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(C_WISC)检测智商水平.结果 无恶性肿瘤及遗传性疾病家族史;"京"易感冒,但无其他疾患;月经和体格发育正常;不能进行简单数字加减运算,但可进行简单语言交流和写作等.常规实验室检查果均正常.染色体未见非稳定性畸变;FISH检测显示,染色体易位率为2.3%,提示染色体损伤剂量为0.61 Gy,推算"京"当年受到辐射的生物剂量为1.85 Gy.超声检查示结节性甲状腺肿.中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表(C_WISC)测验结果显示言语、操作和全量表智商分别为51、50和46,总智力优于0.01%的人群,低于99.90%的人群.结论 宫内受照未影响"京"出生后的体格发育,对其智力发育有严重影响;目前尚无恶性肿瘤的证据.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.