Bilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following a tooth implantation

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of vertigo and may occur following recent head trauma. Bilateral involvement in BPPV is considered rare and has received little attention in the medical literature. We describe an unusual case of bilateral BPPV in a middle-aged woman that presented during a dental implantation, performed with the use of osteotomes. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of this entity.     

Treatment of anterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo by canal plugging: a case report

A 75-year-old man with incapacitating anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was relieved of symptoms following anterior semicircular canal occlusion using a transmastoid approach. The preoperative symptoms were similar to those of posterior canal BPPV. The preoperative findings on Dix-Hallpike's maneuver were a paroxysmal torsional nystagmus with a down-beating component that increased when the patient's gaze was directed towards the affected ear. The most provoking head movement for the vertigo/nystagmus was Dix-Hallpike's maneuver with the affected ear lowermost.     

Insights into horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo from a human case report

For horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, determination of the pathologic side is difficult and based on many physiological assumptions. This article reports findings on a patient who had one dysfunctional inner ear and who presented with horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, giving us a relatively pure model for observing nystagmus arising in a subject in whom the affected side is known a priori. It is an interesting human model corroborating theories of nystagmus generation in this pathology and also serves to validate Ewald's second law in a living human subject. Laryngoscope, 123:3197–3200, 2013     

Our experience with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo has been considered a separate nosological entity. This status is explained by the theories of cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis. The disorder is treated with training; success was achieved in 88% of our cases, which correlates with the literary data. Trauma and inflammation in the head and neck region may be regarded as possible etiological factors.     

Revisiting benign paroxysmal positional vertigo pathophysiology

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common peripheral cause of vertigo. Although its pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear, different locations have been attributed throughout the last century, from the days of Bárány. Disease was initially located by Dix and Hallpike in the utricle, but later, Schuknecht's works elicited the cupulolithiasis and canalolithiasis theories, localizing the pathology to the semicircular canal system and mainly to the posterior one. However, conflicting evidences from temporal bone studies accumulated against this theory, which suggest other explanations. Although this clinical entity is well defined, and can usually be effectively treated with certain physical maneuvers, its pathophysiology is still obscure and is being critically discussed in this article, which reviews the milestones of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo understanding.     

原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者前庭诱发肌源性电位检测的意义

目的：探讨检测眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）对单侧原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）患者进行可能发病部位的定位诊断价值。方法：对52例单侧原发性BP-PV患者（BPPV组）和38例正常人（对照组）分别进行气导短纯音诱发的oVEMP和cVEMP检测,分析两种反射的引出率、潜伏期、振幅等数据。结果;BPPV组患侧oVEMP的引出率为46．15％,cVEMP的引出率为67．31％;其健侧oVEMP的引出率为48．08％,cVEMP的引出率为65．38％。对照组左侧oVEMP的引出率84．21％,cVEMP的引出率92．11％;右侧oVEMP的引出率为81．58％,cVEMP的引出率为94．74％。对照组双侧cVEMP和oVEMP的P1、N1潜伏期及N1-P1振幅值差异均无统计学意义。BPPV组和对照组cVEMP和oVEMP耳间振幅比及不对称率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：单侧原发性BPPV患者双侧前庭耳石器传导通路功能受损状况,可以通过oVEMP和cVEMP检测进行客观评估,并且oVEMP的异常率比cVEMP高。     

Treatment failures in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Role of vestibular rehabilitation

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic maneuvers performed for BPPV patients. The study will also evaluate the efficacy of complementary exercises for vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in BPPV, presenting with persistent vertigo or disequilibrium after performing therapeutic maneuvers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 175 patients from both sexes, were included in this analysis. All suffered from BPPV and were treated with therapeutic maneuvers, preferably that described by Semont (SM). RESULTS: One week after SM, 79% of patients were cured; 13% complained of disequilibrium or vertigo without BPPV, 3%, presented with a persistent positional vertigo without nystagmus during the Hallpike manoeuvre and 5% of the patients still complained from BPPV which in some cases got worse. For patients still complaining of imbalance or non-positional vertigo, customized VR programs were applied (optokinetic stimulations, rotatory chair, proprioceptive training and/or platform). The final results, evaluated by posturography and by DHI, were good. CONCLUSIONS: VR exercises can achieve improvement or cure in 16% of these patients.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者前庭自旋转试验检查结果分析及其诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨前庭自旋转试验(VAT)在评估良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)患者的前庭功能状况和诊断价值中的作用.方法:对41例BPPV患者分别进行VAT和红外视频眼震图的各项检查.根据受累半规管分组分析VAT的特点.结果:VAT异常者34例(82.93%).21例垂直半规管BPPV患者中,垂直相移异常14例次,垂直增益异常1例次;水平相移异常6例次,水平增益异常5例次,非对称性异常2例次.12例水平半规管BPPV患者中,水平相移异常6例次,水平增益异常5例次,非对称性异常2例次;垂直相移异常4例次,垂直增益异常2例次.所有患者在相移指标上,4例表现全频段异常,21例在2～3 Hz显示异常.冷热试验半规管麻痹(CP)和(或)眼震优势偏向(DP)异常者24例(58.54%),其中4例患者2项指标同时异常.结论:VAT能够全面地了解BPPV患者水平及垂直半规管功能.VAT检测中的相移异常是BPPV的一个相对恒定的表现,并且通常表现在2～3 Hz频率上. VAT和冷热试验可互为补充,联合应用有助于全面了解半规管功能.     

特发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕与维生素D的关系

特发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）是一种特发性复发性的内耳疾病,其最常见的原因是耳石从耳石床上脱落进入半规管内,干扰前庭信号的感受,产生一种实际不存在的周围环境旋转的感觉。维生素D水平异常导致钙代谢紊乱引起耳石的异常,可能在特发性BPPV的发病中发挥重要作用。本文就特发性BPPV与维生素D的最新研究结果进行综述,探...     

Recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in two DFNB16 siblings: A CARE case report

IntroductionDeletions or variants of the STRC gene coding for stereocilin cause congenital bilateral mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss without vestibular disorder: DFNB16. Stereocilin is a protein present in vestibular kinocilia embedded in the otoconial membrane of the utricular macula. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a rare form of vertigo in children. The present study reports recurrent positional vertigo in two DFNB16 siblings.ObservationTwo patients, 10 and 15 years old, presented with recurrent disabling positional vertigo episodes, triggered by turning over in bed, with a falling sensation. The diagnosis of right posterior canal BPPV was confirmed on Dix-Hallpike maneuvers in one of the patients. Variations in the response of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were observed. Probable BPPV was diagnosed in the second patient. Their other two siblings did not have hearing loss or vertigo.ConclusionThe absence of stereocilin due to homozygous deletions of the STRC gene in DFNB16 patients can cause vestibular dysfunction, including BPPV.     

Pathology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo revisited

The pathophysiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is not completely understood. Although the concept of degenerated otoconia transforming the posterior canal (PC) crista into a gravity-sensitive sense organ has gained popular support, several temporal bone (TB) series have revealed similar deposits in normal TBs, suggesting they are a normal change in the aging labyrinth. Furthermore, some TBs from patients with BPPV do not contain particles in the posterior canal. Five TBs from patients with BPPV were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. A small PC cupular deposit was found in 1 TB, while none was seen in the other 4 TBs. The major pathological changes were 1) a 50% loss of ganglion cells in the superior vestibular division of all 5 TBs and 2) a 50% loss of neurons in the inferior division of 3 TBs, and a 30% loss in 2 TBs that contained abnormal saccular ganglion cells. These observations support a concept in the pathophysiology of BPPV that includes loss of the inhibitory effect of otolith organs on canal sense organs.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕预后分析

目的探讨管石复位法（canalith repositioning procedure,CRP）治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）的预后因素。方法回顾性分析115例后半规管BPPV患者的治疗和随访结果 ,研究发病因素与疗效的关系。结果 特发性BPPV患者1次CRP治疗成功率和复发率为77.8%和11.1%,伴有梅尼埃病的BPPV患者分别为27.8%和44.4%,有偏头痛及脑卒中病史的BPPV患者分别为26.7%和40.0%,与特发性BPPV患者相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 BPPV的预后和梅尼埃病、偏头痛及脑卒中病史密切相关。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕临床特点

目的分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）患者临床特点。方法 2009年9月～2010年6月明确诊断BPPV的患者90例,详细记录病史、伴随症状、既往史,进行耳科常规检查、纯音听力测试和前庭功能检查,使用视频眼震图观察记录视动功能试验、冷热试验、水平滚转试验、变位试验等,计算半规管轻瘫（canal paresis,CP）值。结果①患者平均年龄（52.48±15.43）岁,男女比例为1∶2.1;耳鼻咽喉科首诊36例（40.0%）、神经内科首诊31例（34.4%）。②后半规管BPPV 51例（56.7%）,水平半规管BPPV 18例（20.0%）,上半规管BPPV 20例（22.2%）,混合型BPPV 1例（1.1%）。③行前庭功能检查78例患者中有52例（66.7%）出现CP,当病史≤2周、2周〈病史≤1个月、1个月〈病史≤6个月、6个月〈病史≤5年、病史〉5年,CP所占比例分别为42.9%、61.5%、75.0%、84.2%、62.5%,P〉0.05,不具有统计学意义。77例单侧BPPV患者中,患侧CP25例（32.5%）,健侧CP11例（14.3%）,双侧CP15例（19.5%）。④行纯音听力测试,67例BPPV患者（68耳）中有21例（21耳,30.9%）伴有感音神经性听力损失。结论 BPPV是常见的前庭系统疾病,病因尚不明确。可伴有前庭功能异常和感音神经性聋,临床上应重视对BPPV患者前庭功能和听功能评价,以明确相关的防治策略。