HTK液在冠状动脉搭桥手术中的应用

目的 通过对比组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸(HTK)液及含血停搏液在体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)中的应用,探讨HTK液在CABG中的使用方法及其心肌保护效果.方法 将60例单纯行CABG的患者随机分为两组,HTK组术中使用HTK液正灌+逆灌的方法进行灌注停跳和心肌保护,对照组则使用常规的4∶1冷血高钾停搏液.在麻醉诱导后、升主动脉开放心脏复跳后10 min及术后6、12、24、48 h分别采血检测心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),并比较两组术后心脏自动复跳情况、后并行循环辅助时间、血管活性药物使用情况和术后心功能等指标.结果 HTK组心脏自动复跳率高于对照组、后并行循环辅助时间短于对照组(P均＜0.05);两组的cTnT和CK-MB浓度在升主动脉开放后均逐步升高,与升主动脉阻断前相比,P＜0.05,12 h达高峰,24 h后逐渐下降;HTK组cTnT和CK-MB的上升幅度在各时点均小于对照组(P均＜0.05).结论 在CABG手术中,HTK液正灌+逆灌的方法能够获得较好的心肌保护效果,其心肌保护效果优于冷血停搏液.     

康斯特停搏液对重症心脏瓣膜病患者手术中心肌保护的效果

目的比较康斯特停搏液和冷含血停搏液在重症心脏瓣膜病患者手术中对心肌保护的效果。方法选取2012年3月至2014年3月在北京军区总医院心血管外科收治的46例重症心脏瓣膜病患者,均接受体外循环支持下心脏瓣膜直视手术,所有患者均无风湿活动及凝血功能障碍。将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各23例。观察组术中给予康斯特停搏液,对照组给予冷含血停搏液。记录两组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、心脏自动复跳率、术后心律失常发生率、血管活性药物用量、呼吸机辅助时间、监护室停留时间。分别于术前和术后4 h、12 h及24 h检测患者肌酸激酶同工酶和血清肌钙蛋白I的含量。结果术中两组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后心律失常发生率、呼吸机辅助时间和监护室停留时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组心脏自动复跳率升高(54.17%vs.79.17%),术后24 h多巴胺用量减少[(6.6±2.3)μg/(kg·min)vs.(5.2±2.1)μg/(kg·min)],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组术后肌酸激酶同工酶4h[(49.7±11.8)IU/L vs.(24.5±2.0)IU/L]、12 h[(83.9±18.3)IU/L vs.(31.1±2.6)IU/L]、24 h[(62.4±12.5)IU/L vs.(32.4±3.3)IU/L]下降,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组术后心肌肌钙蛋白I水平4 h[(1.20±0.13)μg/L vs.(0.21±0.04)μg/L]、12 h[(2.35±0.64)μg/L vs.(1.22±0.59)μg/L]、24 h[(1.75±0.24)μg/L vs.(0.76±0.41)μg/L]下降,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论康斯特停搏液对重症心脏瓣膜病患者术中心肌保护作用优于冷含血停搏液。     

还原型谷胱甘肽含血停搏液在心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用

目的观察心脏含血停搏液加入还原型谷胱甘肽在心脏瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用.方法30例心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机分为两组,实验组(n=15)在心脏含血停搏液中加入还原型谷胱甘肽(剂量600 mg),对照组(n=15)单用心脏含血停搏液,分别经主动脉根部或切开主动脉经冠状动脉窦直接灌注,两组分别于麻醉诱导后、主动脉开放后2 h、6 h、24 h采集患者静脉血,测血清肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI).结果两组主动脉开放后血清CK-MB、LDH、cTnI均较麻醉诱导后显著升高,实验组主动脉开放后的血清CK-MB、LDH、cTnI均较对照组显著降低(P均＜0.05-0.01),差异均具有统计学意义.结论还原型谷胱甘肽加入心脏停搏液中具有良好的心肌保护作用.     

心脏手术中温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌心肌保护效果的研究

为提高心脏手术中心保护的效果，将20例风湿性心瓣膜病手术患者随机分为温血组与冷血组。温血组术中采用温血心脏停搏液微流量连续灌注，冷血采用冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注行心肌保护。检测两组体外循环主动脉开放后即刻，主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）值；术中切取心房肌肉标本，电镜下观察超微结构变化，对比评价心肌保护效果。结果术前及主动脉开放即刻两组血清cTnI无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时温血组cTnI均显著低于冷血组，P＜0．01；超微结构检测示温血组心肌纤维及线粒体损伤显著轻于冷血组。认为温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌的心肌保护效果优于冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注。     

HTK液对老年患者心内直视手术中心肌保护的研究

目的 研究HTK液对老年患者心内直视手术中的心肌保护效果.方法 纳入在体外循环下进行心脏手术的60岁以上患者40例,随机分为HTK液组（A组,n=20）和4：1冷晶体含血停跳液组（B组,n=20）.主动脉阻断后,A组使用4℃HTK液,B组使用4℃ 4：1含血停跳液保护心肌,两组分别测定主动脉开放后12 h和24 h血中肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和磷酸肌酸酶同工酶（CK-MB）浓度,并比较两组患者转机时间、主动脉阻断时间、辅助时间及心脏自动复跳率、心律失常发生率、正性肌力药物使用量、ICU监护时间等临床指标.结果 A组和B组平均体外循环转机时间、主动脉阻断时间、辅助时间及心律失常发生率均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,但心脏自动复跳率、多巴胺使用量、ICU监护时间以及两个时间的cTnI和CK-MB,A组明显优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）.结论 HTK心脏停跳液对60岁以上老年人心内直视手术中的心肌保护作用优于4：1冷晶体含血停跳液,特别适用于年龄偏大,病情重,心肌缺血时间较长的患者.     

左卡尼汀含血停搏液在心内直视术中的心肌保护作用

20例行心脏瓣膜置换手术患者随机分为对照组（冷血停搏液组）和实验组（冷血停搏液中加入左卡尼汀）各10例，分别于围术期多个时点取桡动脉血，测定血浆心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（HFABP）、肌钙蛋白（cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）的水平，并观察手术前后心肌超微结构的变化。结果显示，两组术后HFABP、cTnI、CK-MB的水平均较术前显著升高，实验组上述指标均明显低于对照组。认为外源性左卡尼汀加入心脏停搏液能显著提高心肌保护效果。     

CK-MB、cTnI评价冷晶体与血液停搏液灌注心脏瓣膜置换术后心肌损伤程度的价值

心脏瓣膜置换术患者23例，冷晶体停搏液组（CCC组）11例和血液停搏液组（BCP组）12例。转机前、升主动脉开放后2、6、12、24h取两组动脉血各2ml，查血肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平。认为同时检测CK-MB和cTnI能够客观评价体外循环心内直视手术后的心肌损伤程度。     

HTK液与含血心脏停搏液对复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全心肌的保护作用

目的比较组氨酸—色氨酸—酮戊二酸盐液(HTK液)与含血心脏停搏液对复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全心肌的保护作用。方法采用随机分组的方法将134例复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能不全的患者分为两组,每组67例,分别使用HTK液和含血心脏停搏液,比较两组手术前后血清心肌损伤标志物水平、钾、钠离子水平、心功能以及不良事件发生率。结果两组患者治疗前后以及主动脉开放12h、24h、72h肌钙蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、钾离子、钠离子、左心室射血分数、左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室舒张末期容积指数等指标的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者主动脉阻断时间、主动脉开放到心脏复跳、体外循环时间、多巴胺用量比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);两组患者围术期不良事件发生情况差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 HTK液与含血心脏停搏液均可对复杂冠状动脉病变合并左心功能的不全的患者提供安全有效的心肌保护效果,但是HTK液的效果优于含血心脏停搏液,不良事件的发生率更低,安全性更高。     

主动脉夹层手术中Del Nido与传统心脏停搏液心肌保护效果的比较

目的 比较主动脉夹层手术中应用del Nido心脏停搏液和传统心脏停搏液的心肌保护效果。方法 回顾性总结分析2017年7月至2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院63例主动脉夹层手术的临床资料,根据应用的心脏停搏液不同分两组,应用del Nido心脏停搏液（DN组）33例,应用传统心脏停搏液（传统组）30例。DN组用del Nido晶体液与氧合血按4：1混合（4份晶体1份血）,灌注量 20ml/kg,最大不超过 1 L。主动脉阻断时间超过90min再次灌注300ml。传统组应用4：1含血冷晶体改良St. Thomas液（4份血1份晶体）,灌注量 15ml/kg。每隔20-30min灌注一次（7.5ml/kg）。结果 两组术前一般资料无差异。术中体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间传统组较长,但无统计学差异。停搏液灌注次数和灌注耗时传统组显著高于DN组。自动复跳率两组相近,DN组94%,传统组97%。术后早期（30天内）死亡率DN组（6.1%）与传统组（6.7%）无差异。术后第1天血清肌钙蛋白I DN组 (4.10±0.65ng/ml)与传统组（4.25±0.61 ng/ml）无差异。术后低心排发生率、术后1天和出院前LVEF两组之间均无统计学差异。结论 主动脉夹层术中应用del Nido心脏停搏液可以达到满意的心肌保护效果。     

HTK液与del Nido液在心脏瓣膜手术中心肌保护效果对比分析

目的 回顾性分析比较在心脏瓣膜手术中HTK停搏液与del Nido停搏液的心肌保护效果。方法收集选取2019年1月至2021年12月在阜外华中心血管病医院行体外循环（CPB）下心脏直视手术的153例成人心脏瓣膜患者纳入研究。依据使用心脏停搏液不同而分为两组,HTK停搏液组（71例）和del Nido停搏液（冷D组,82例）。采集血液中心肌损伤标志物数据及愈后情况作临床比较。结果 两组在CPB时间、升主动脉阻断时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、术后出院时间、电击复跳率、术后并发症的发生率及病死率等方面均无统计学差异（P>0.05）;两组在术后24 h血液指标中超敏肌钙蛋白（P=0.08）、肌酸激酶（P=0.68）、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶（P=0.06）、N端-BNP（P=0.05）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。在停搏液灌注用量方面冷D组较少（P=0.001）,HTK组所需灌注次数更少（P<0.001）。出院后1月门诊复查,两组患者左心室射血分数值、左心室收缩末内径,左心室舒张末内径无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 在心脏瓣膜手术中,应用HTK停搏液及del N...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.