骶尾骨变异的侧位X线分析

目的：观察骶尾骨在侧位X线片上的各种形态表现，以期对骶尾骨正常解剖变异有所了解。方法：门诊随机选取61名无骶尾部损伤但有疼痛症状的患者，分别拍摄骶尾骨侧位X线片，采取CR技术进行影像处理，分析总结骶尾骨变异在X线侧位片形态的特点并进行分型。结果：骶尾骨侧位X线片上有4型不同的形态变异，分别为：均匀弯曲型；骶骨成角型；尾骨成角型；尾骨脱位型。结论：正常骶尾骨侧位X线上有不同变异，临床诊断时要准确区分正常变异和骨折脱位，以免误诊。     

直肠癌侵犯骶尾骨的手术方法

直肠癌侵犯骶尾骨和盆腔组织器官是直肠切除的两大难题。作者采用部分骶骨切除治疗侵犯骶尾部直肠癌3例,平均手术时间7h。平均出血量1500ml,术后恢复顺利。作者认为：此术式适应于骶2平面以下可完全切除的直肠癌;无远处转移和不易清除的局部淋巴结转移患者．术中操作应注意结扎两侧髂内动脉、骨钳咬除骶骨,适度多保留骶骨能减少出血和其它并发症发生。     

骶、尾骨肿瘤外科治疗(附27例报告)

本组累及骶、尾骨的肿瘤27例,均行手术治疗。术后复发再手术2例。由于骶、尾骨部位解剖特殊,肿溜不易发现。腰骶部疼痛为主要症状,肛指检查阳性率高。高质量的X线片及CT、MRI有助于诊断。手术中注意保护骶神经,减少出血,防止损伤,是手术成功的关键。手术切除这一类肿瘤,虽不一定达到根治的目的,但可延长生命,减轻痛苦,提高生活质量。手术虽有一定风险和难度,仍不失为治疗的主要手段。     

先天性骶骨,尾骨部分缺如一例报告

先天性骶骨、尾骨部分缺如一例报告顾海平患者，女，５４岁。主诉腰骶部酸痛伴双下肢麻木，行走不便几十年，近２年病情逐渐加重，１９９５年４月２６日患者突然双下肢感觉丧失并摔倒在地７～８分钟，然后逐渐恢复正常，无大小便失禁等症状。体检：腰部脊柱无畸形，骶部压...     

经骶尾骨旁入路骶前囊肿切除术的应用体会

骶前囊肿是发生于骶骨和直肠之间的肿瘤,是临床上少见的疾病．占骶前病变的74％,成年时才出现,女性发病率高于男性。由于囊肿位于盆腔筋膜壁层深面,骶尾骨前方．出现症状较晚．确诊时囊肿体积常较大。此外,骶前间隙狭小．囊肿周围邻近组织器官结构较复杂,不少患者为术后复发或误诊为肛瘘行多次手术．局部常有明显粘连．正常解剖位置已被破坏．故手术操作难度较大。2003年7月至2011年5月间．吉林大学中日联谊医院对收治的35例骶前囊肿患者,全部经骶尾骨旁人路切除囊肿获得治愈,现报道如下。     

尾骨骨折后骶尾部慢性顽固性疼痛原因分析及手术疗效观察

目的 探讨尾骨骨折后骶尾部慢性顽固性疼痛的原因,评估采用改良切口切除尾骨骨折远端的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2018-02-2020-04诊治的5例尾骨骨折后慢性顽固性骶尾部疼痛、肛周不适且非手术治疗欠佳的患者,采用臀部改良切口行尾骨骨折远端切除术治疗.结果 5例术中未出现直肠及神经血管损伤.1例术后切口脂肪液化,换...     

尾骨骨折脱位外固定分析

尾骨骨折脱位较为常见 ,一般采用保守治疗 ,大多数效果满意 ,但约有 1/ 4或 1/ 5的病例由于愈合不良或移位较大 ,局部遗留瘢痕组织与纤维连接 ,在坐、行等活动时 ,瘢痕组织中神经末梢受到刺激而疼痛 ,甚至长期不能消失 ,一部分病人经封闭治疗疼痛缓解 ,一部分病人遗为顽固性尾骨痛 ,病人十分烦恼而需行尾骨切除术 ,所以初期的良好复位固定至关重要。但以往的外固定常采用胶布固定 ,效果不够确实可靠 ,为此我们自 1996年～2 0 0 0年对 12例尾骨骨折脱位患者 ,采用塑形板作外固定 ,并与同期未作固定治疗的 2 8例尾骨骨折脱位患者就远期疗效及…     

骶尾骨切除在直肠癌术后局部复发再手术中的作用

我们根据近年来对 6例直肠癌术后局部复发 ,并且癌组织侵犯骶尾骨 ,癌灶固定的病人 ,进行再手术并骶尾骨切除。报告如下。临床资料6例均为男性 ,年龄 32～ 6 1岁 ,平均 46岁 ,Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术 (经腹会阴直肠癌根治术 ) 2例 ,Ｄｉｘｏｎ手术 (直肠癌骶前切除吻合术 ) 4例 ,术后复发时间 10～ 36个月不等 ,平均 2 0个月。行Ｄｉｘｏｎ手术 4例 ,肛指检查均发现吻合口复发癌 ,癌组织侵犯骶前固定。Ｂ型超声、胸片等检查未发现远处转移 ,所有病人一般情况良好。6例病人均行ＣＴ盆腔扫描 ,显示复发癌侵犯第 3～ 5骶骨 ,第 3～ 5骶骨骨质破坏 ,癌灶…     

尾骨痛10例临床分析

作者对收治１０５例尾骨痛进行分析，结果表明：（１）尾骨疼痛者女性比男性多。（３）与无尾骨痛者相比较，特发性尾骨痛者外偏角变大，骶尾间有和第１、２尾椎间角变小；而外伤性尾骨痛者我偏角不变，其它两角也变小。（３）保守治疗８７例，治愈率９２．９４％，好转率７．０６％，手术治疗１８例，治愈率１００％。总有效率１００％。     

尾骨切除术后骶尾部疝外科治疗一例

患者 女性，50岁，已婚，因尾骨外伤术后1的半，骶尾部出现可复性肿块1年，于2004年9月1日以尾骨切除术后骶尾部疝收入院。患者2003年3月因尾骨部外伤疼痛，保守治疗无好转，在当地医院行第4、5骶骨及尾骨切除术，术后出现感染，经清创缝合后伤口仍迁延不愈且形成窦道，2003年再次行手术治疗，切口愈合。     

Anatomical and biomechanical analysis of sacral pedicle and lateral mass

Objective: To study the anatomical and biomechanical features of sacral pedicle and lateral mass so as to provide reference for clinical screw fixation technology of sacral pedicle and lateral mass.Methods: A total of 60 adult patients' spiral CT images of the sacrum and coccyx were selected randomly. The entry points of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws were determined, and the screw trajectory was measured using the three dimensional reconstruction method. Meanwhile,the gross anatomy was scrutinized in 15 adult cadaver specimens to determine the sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw entry points. The length, width and angle of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were measured. Eight of 15cadaver specimens were selected to test the maximal extraction force of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws. The clinical data of 15 cases treated by pedicle and lateral mass screw technology were collected and analyzed.Results: The diameter and length of S1-S5 sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were regular, with about 20° inclination angle. The S1 pedicle screw entry point was located at the intersection point of the basal lateral part of articular process and median line of transverse process, and no significant difference was found for the maximal extraction force between pedicle and lateral mass screws (P＞0.05). The entry points of S2-S5 pedicle screws were located at the intersection point of the line connecting adjacent posterior sacral foramina and median line of the transverse process.The lateral mass screw entry point of S2-S5 was on the median side of intersection point between median line of the transverse process and lateral sacral crest. The maximal extraction force of pedicle screws was significantly greater than that of lateral mass screws (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Both the sacral pedicle and the lateral mass screw fixation techniques can offer effective fixation and reconstruction for fracture of the sacrum and coccyx,but pedicle screw fixation may be more convenient, safe and reliable than lateral mass screw fixation.     

背胰形态变异的影像学特征

目的 总结背胰形态变异的影像学特征及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析47例背胰形态变异患者的CT、MRI资料,分类解释其影像学特征.结果 (1)背胰缩小类.背胰发育不全(n=7):胰腺长度(91.59 ±22.39) mm,呈“短胰腺”表现,4例(4/7)胰头增大,存留胰腺呈“蝌蚪状”,其中3例(3/7)形成环状胰腺;2例(2/7)合并多脾综合征、下腔静脉肝段缺如.(2)背胰增大类.①胰尾增宽(n=18):胰尾最大宽径(36.12±6.59)mm,超过胰体宽径,胰腺呈类似“哑铃状”表现.②背胰局部隆起(n=13):胰颈、体及尾部腹侧缘的局限性隆起,高度(15.72±2.65) mm,长度(18.59±3.64) mm,多位于胰颈.(3)背胰相关分裂类.①背胰脂肪裂隙(n=7):脂肪裂隙宽度(3.51±2.42) mm,深度(19.45±5.84) mm,表现为线条状脂肪密度(信号)影,5例(5/7)位于胰体、尾,2例(2/7)位于腹胰与背胰融合区.②胰尾分叉(n=3):胰尾局限性分叉呈“燕尾状”表现,最大宽径(26.63±1.75) mm,分叉角度(99.27±30.73)度.结论 背胰发育异常可导致胰腺多种形态改变,影像学表现有一定特征,了解胰腺的发育过程,熟悉该类变异的影像学表现有助于正确诊断,从而避免不必要的临床治疗.     

肩峰解剖形态变异的X片表现与肩峰下撞击综合征关系的研究

<正>肩峰下撞击综合征(subacromial impingement syndrome,SIS)是肩袖、肱二头肌长头腱等结构在病理状态下受到摩擦、挤压、撞击,引起炎症、损伤等的一种病理改变,以慢性肩关节疼痛和活动障碍为主要临床表现。肩峰下撞击综合征是肩关节常见疾病之一,占门诊以肩关节疼痛为主诉病人的44%～65%[1]。     

The femoro-sacral posterior angle: an anatomical sagittal pelvic parameter usable with dome-shaped sacrum

The sagittal pelvic morphology modulates the individual alignment of the spine. Anatomical angular parameters were described as follows: the "Pelvic Incidence" (PI) and the Jackson's angle "Pelvic Lordosis" (PR-S1). Significant chains of relationships were expressed connecting these angles with pelvic and spinal positional parameters. This allows an individual assessment of the harmony of the sagittal spinal balance. But in case of spondylolysis with high-grade listhesis, the upper plate of the sacrum shows a dome-shaped deformity. The previous anatomical parameters are therefore imprecise. Indeed, the anterior part of the sacrum being inaccurate, an exact assessment of these angles becomes impossible. Therefore, we propose a new angular parameter named "Femoro-Sacral Posterior Angle" (FSPA): the angle between the posterior wall of the first sacral vertebra, always well definite, and the line connecting the posterior part of the sacral plate to the femoral axis. The validation of this parameter was performed and compared with the classical published parameters. It showed good inter-observer reliability, even with dome-shaped sacral plate. In spite of lower correlation with the positional parameters than those observed with PI or PR-S1, the FSPA appeared to be reliable and precise for an exact evaluation of the sagittal spino-pelvic balance is case of spondylo-listhesis with dome-shaped sacral endplate.     

Confirmation of microevolutionary increase in spina bifida occulta among Swiss birth cohorts

Previous studies on the prevalence of spina bifida occulta have indicated a microevolutionary increase in its frequency and possible population differences in the prevalence of the condition. We studied the frequencies of closed and open sacral canals at each sacral level among two birth cohorts in Switzerland. Transverse CT scans and multiplanar reconstruction images of sacra of 95 males and 96 females born in 1940–1950 and 99 males and 94 females born in 1970–1980 in Switzerland were reviewed. We found that individuals born later have significantly more open sacral arches at all sacral levels compared to those born 30–40 years earlier. When results were related to previously published data on Australian cohorts, the trend was the same, but Swiss in both cohorts were less likely to have an open section than Australians at all locations apart from S2. This study confirmed a microevolutionary trend in the opening of sacral canal among two different generations in Switzerland and demonstrated a population difference in the prevalence of spina bifida occulta.     

骨盆和骶骨骨巨细胞瘤的治疗策略

目的 探讨骨盆和骶骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)外科治疗的手术方法、局部复发率、并发症.方法 1997年12月至2005年12月我院共收治骶骨、骨盆GCT 46例,其中男性25例,女性21例.年龄17～64岁,平均32岁.骶骨GCT 24例、骨盆GCT 22例.骨盆Ⅰ区GCT(髂骨)8例,Ⅱ区(髋臼)10例,Ⅲ区(坐骨耻骨)4例.S1-5 GCT 2例,S1-4 4例,S1-3 12例,S1-2 5例,S3-5 1例.手术方法:行3次手术者2例,行2次手术者7例.骶骨GCT患者的治疗方式包括19例患者进行了病灶内边缘切除术,2例患者同时进行了病灶内边缘切除术和放疗,3例患者进行了广泛边缘切除术.骨盆22例GCT患者中,除2例坐骨及1例髂骨GCT患者采用刮除术外,其余19例均行大块切除术.结果 1例患者在外院手术后复发,肿瘤巨大、表面溃烂,再次手术后2周死于严重感染.余45例患者,随访时间12个月至8年,平均随访时间37个月.2例患者1年后死亡.1例骶骨GCT患者术后2年出现肺转移,化疗1周期,随访1年,肺部病灶无明显增大.1例髋臼部GCT患者刮除术后2年出现肺转移、局部复发,行肺部照射、髋臼部肿瘤广泛切除、人工半骨盆置换术,肺部病灶随访1年,控制良好.局部复发:骶骨:9/24(37.5%),其中复发2次的患者2例,复发1次的患者7例;骨盆:2/22(9.1%),2例坐骨GCT刮除后均局部复发;行大块切除的19例GCT均未复发.结论 对于骶骨GCT,由于刮除术后局部复发率高,治疗应该更具侵袭性.肿瘤广泛边缘切除术可能会引起骶神经损害,但由于局部复发率降低,所以仍为治疗的最佳选择.     

Modified triangular posterior osteosynthesis of unstable sacrum fracture

We report preliminary results for unstable sacral fractures treated with a modified posterior triangular osteosynthesis. Seven patients were admitted to our trauma center with an unstable sacral fracture. The average age was 31 years (22–41). There were four vertical shear lesions of the pelvis and three transverse fracture of the upper sacrum. The vertical shear injuries were initially treated with an anterior external fixator inserted at the time of admission. Definitive surgery was performed at a mean time of 9 days after trauma. The operation consisted in a posterior fixation combining a vertebropelvic distraction osteosynthesis with pedicle screws and a rod system, whereby the transverse fixation was obtained using a 6 mm rod as a cross-link between the two main rods. Late displacement of the posterior pelvis or fracture was measured on X-ray films according to the criteria of Henderson. The patients were followed-up for a minimum time of 12 months. Four patients who presented with a pre-operative perineal neurological impairment made a complete recovery. No iatrogenic nerve injury was reported. One case of deep infection was managed successfully with surgical debridement and local antibiotics. All patients complained of symptoms related to the prominence of the iliac screws. The metalwork was removed in all cases after healing of the fracture, at a mean time of 4.3 months after surgery. No loss of reduction of fracture was seen at final radiological follow-up. The preliminary results are promising. The fixation is sufficiently stable to allow an immediate progressive weight-bearing, and safe nursing care in polytrauma cases. The only problem seems to be related to prominent heads of the distal screws.     

骶骨肿瘤的手术治疗

目的：探讨骶骨肿瘤的手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法：15例骶骨肿瘤患者,男12例,女3例;年龄17～68岁,平均54.6岁。原发性肿瘤10例,转移性肿瘤5例。采用前方入路病灶清除5例,后方入路单纯病灶清除3例,病灶清除联合植骨加钉棒系统内固定重建7例。术后根据肿瘤性质辅助放疗或化疗。结果：13例获随访,时间4个月～5年,所有患者近期疗效满意,局部疼痛及神经症状均有不同程度的改善。1例术后出现二便功能障碍加重,经保守对症治疗4个月后好转。1例脊索瘤和2例转移瘤于术后1～2年死于复发和远处转移。1例骨巨细胞瘤于术后6个月局部复发,未再手术。结论：根据骶骨肿瘤患者特点制定个体化的以手术治疗为主的综合治疗方案,能得到较满意疗效。     

Nonunion of an occult fracture in zone III of the sacrum

Summary Fractures in the midline of the sacrum are rare, a pseudarthrosis has not been described previously. We report about a 53-year-old woman with a midline fracture of the sacrum which has not been recognized, although there were indirect fracture signs on the native x-rays and a CT was performed. The surgical treatment with sacral compression bars was successful and pseudarthrosis healing resulted but the patient continued to have mild low back pain. The case reported here confirms that low back pain may caused by pathologic changes of the posterior part of the pelvis. The unusual fracture location could be caused by a bifid spinous process.