布托啡诺与舒芬太尼于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的联合应用

[摘要] 目的 比较布托啡诺、舒芬太尼、布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法 90例 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的腹腔镜下全子宫切除手术患者, 随机均分为3组行PCIA。B组：布托啡诺10mg/100ml;S组：舒芬太尼100μg /100ml;BS组：布托啡诺5mg+舒芬太尼50μg /100ml。持续量2 ml/h,单次给药量为1 ml,间隔时间10min。监测并记录术后 4、8、12、24、48 h患者的生命体征、镇痛（VAS评分）和镇静（Ramsay评分）效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 三组各时点VAS评分均小于3分。B组24h内的VAS评分及PCA给药次数显著高于 S和 BS组 (P<0.05)。B组12h内Ramsay评分显著高于S和 BS组 (P<0.05)。B组嗜睡发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05);F组恶心、呕吐发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05)。结论 布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛,可获得确切的镇痛效果,并且不良反应较少,是一种理想的镇痛方法。 [关键词] 布托啡诺 舒芬太尼 妇科腹腔镜 患者自控静脉镇痛     

布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼用于脊柱外科术后静脉镇痛的临床观察

目的观察脊柱外科术后布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼用于病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果和副作用。方法选择腰椎间盘突出症行手术治疗的患者80例,随机分为单纯舒芬太尼组(S组n=40),舒芬太尼1.75μg/kg+盐酸格拉司琼3mg+生理盐水稀释至100ml;布托啡诺复合组(B组n=40),布托啡诺0.1mg/kg+舒芬太尼1μg/kg+盐酸格拉司琼3mg+生理盐水稀释至100ml;两组病人均在全麻下手术,手术结束前15min接静脉PCIA泵行术后镇痛治疗。分别记录术后4、8、12、20、24和48hVAS疼痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分及并发症发生率。结果两组患者术后各时点VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组Ramsay镇静评分明显高于S组(P<0.05),B组恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制并发症少于S组(P<0.01)。结论布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼用于脊柱外科术后静脉镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率更低。     

布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合用于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛的效果

目的比较单用布托啡诺或舒芬太尼与布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果。方法90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的腹腔镜下全子宫切除手术患者,随机均分为3组行PCIA。B组:布托啡诺10mg/100ml;S组:舒芬太尼100μg/100ml;BS组(布托啡诺5mg 舒芬太尼50μg)/100ml。持续量2ml/h,单次给药量为1ml,间隔时间10min。监测并记录术后4,8,12,24,48h患者的生命体征、镇痛(VAS评分)和镇静(Ramsay评分)效果及副作用发生情况。结果3组各时点VAS评分均小于3分。B组24h内的VAS评分及PCA给药次数显著高于S和BS组(P<0.05)。B组12h内Ramsay评分显著高于S和BS组(P<0.05)。B组嗜睡发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05);S组恶心、呕吐发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05)。结论布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用于妇科腹腔镜术后患者自控静脉镇痛,可获得确切的镇痛效果,并且副作用较少,是一种理想的镇痛方法。     

布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼用于骨科手术后病人静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)临床观察

目的 观察布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼用于骨科手术后的镇痛效果与副作用.方法 60例骨科手术的患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组30例.A组:布托啡诺组4mg+舒芬太尼100ug;B组:舒芬太尼150ug,两组均用生理盐水稀释到100ml.观察术后2小时、4小时、8小时、12小时、24小时的VAS评分.术后恶心、呕吐等不良反应.结果 A组与B组均取得满意的术后镇痛,但A组恶心、呕吐等副作用明显减少,有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼用于骨科手术后病人静脉自-3控镇痛(PCIA),镇痛效果确切,恶心、呕吐以及皮肤瘙痒的发生率低.     

舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺用于腹部手术术后静脉镇痛的效果研究

目的 观察舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺应用于术后镇痛的效果及副作用.方法 全麻下行腹部手术并要求术后镇痛的160例患者,根据PCIA药物不同随机等分为4组:A组舒芬太尼150 μg+格拉斯琼9 mg,B组舒芬太尼100μg+布托啡诺5 mg+格拉斯琼9 mg,C组舒芬太尼50 μg+布托啡诺10 mg+格拉斯琼9 mg,D组布托啡诺15 mg+格拉斯琼9 mg.负荷剂量为布托啡诺0.5 mg+舒芬太尼5μg,置泵后记录用药后2、6、12、24、48、72 h患者呼吸和血流动力学变化,不同时间点疼痛VAS评分、镇静评分,并记录恶心、呼吸抑制等不良反应.结果 4组患者各时点血流动力学变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);疼痛VAS评分B、C、D组低于A组(P＜0.05),B、C、D组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);镇静评分A、B、C组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),D组镇静评分显著高于其它3组(P＜0.05).各组间不良反应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 舒芬太尼100 μg+布托啡诺5 mg、舒芬太尼50 μg+布托啡诺10mg,镇痛效果好、镇静适度、副作用少,可更安全地用于静脉镇痛.布托啡诺15 mg镇痛效果好,但镇静过度,安全性降低.     

布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼用于老年患者术后镇痛的观察

目的:比较单纯用布托啡诺、舒芬太尼和布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼在老年患者术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的临床效果。方法:60例ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级老年患者行腹部及下肢手术患者,均采用气管插管静脉复合术,分为布托啡诺组(B组)、舒芬太尼组(S组)和布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼组(BS组),每组20例。术毕按三种方案实行PCIA,观察在PCIA开始后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h记录镇痛、镇静效果,患者PCIA的给药次数和不良反应情况。结果:三组PCIA方案均能达到良好镇痛和镇静的目的,但B组的疼痛视觉评分高于S组和BS组(P<0.05),且BS组不良反应发生率较低,患者满意度更高。结论:联合用药的BS组,由于药物间的协同作用,镇痛效果佳,不良反应发生少,患者满意度高,布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼是一种较理想的老年患者术后镇痛方法。     

布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼用于妇科恶性肿瘤术后

目的 研究布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用于食管肿瘤切除术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的临床效果及其安全性.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ级的妇科恶性肿瘤患者,随机均分为3组行PCIA.B组:布托啡诺O.15mg/kg;S组:舒芬太尼2μg/kg;Bs组(布托啡诺0.075mg/kg+舒芬太尼1μg/kg).监测并记录术后1、4、12、24、48 h患者的镇痛(VAS评分)和镇静(Ramsay评分)效果及副作用发生情况.结果 3组镇痛效果均确切可靠.B组VAS评分显著高于s组和BS组(P<0.05),S组和BS组之问差异无显著性(P>0.05).B组患者Ramsay评分显著高于s组和Bs组(P<0.05),S组和BS组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05).BS组不良反应发生例数显著低于其余两组(P<0.05).结论 布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合应用妇科恶性肿瘤术后PCIA,镇痛效果可靠,而不良反应少,是一种理想的镇痛方式.     

布托啡诺与舒芬太尼应用于胸科手术静脉镇痛的比较

目的比较布托啡诺与舒芬太尼用于胸科手术患者自控静脉镇痛（IPCA）的临床效应。方法选择40例择期手术患者,随机分为二组,B组（布托啡诺组：n=20）：布托啡诺2.6μg/（kg.h）、0.9%盐水加至100ml;S组（舒芬太尼组：n=20）：舒芬太尼0.04μg/（kg.h）、0.9%盐水加至100ml（预设药量50h）。选择负荷剂量加维持剂量即微泵连续给药方式行静脉镇痛（持续注药速度为2.0ml/h,单次PCA剂量为1ml,锁定时间30min）。结果布托啡诺组与舒芬太尼组相比,视觉模拟镇痛评分（VAS）、恶心、呕吐、头晕发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。二组患者均无呼吸抑制发生。B组镇痛药物的平均费用为176.77元,S组为250.91元,二组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与舒芬太尼相比,布托啡诺用于胸科手术术后静脉镇痛效果相当,费用更低,使用更方便。     

舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺用于上腹部术后镇痛临床观察

目的 观察舒芬太尼-布托啡诺和舒芬太尼-咪达唑仑用于病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的镇痛效果和不良反应.方法 120例择期行上腹部手术的患者(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级),按随机数字表随机分为4组:①S组(舒芬太尼0.15mg);②B组(布托啡诺15mg);③ SM组(舒芬太尼0.1mg+咪唑安定10mg);④SB组(舒芬太尼0.1...     

布托啡诺与舒芬太尼用于术后患者自控静脉镇痛的效果比较

目的比较布托啡诺和舒芬太尼用于术后患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的临床效果。方法将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级开胸手术且接受PCIA治疗的患者随机分为3组,每组20例。B组：布托啡诺300μg/kg＋胃复安400μg·kg-1100 ml-1;S组：舒芬太尼1.5μg/kg＋胃复安400μg·kg-1100 ml-1;BS组：布托啡诺150μg/kg＋舒芬太尼0.75μg/kg＋胃复安400μg·kg-1100 ml-1。3组PCIA泵参数设置为背景剂量2 m1/h,单次剂量2 ml/h,锁定时间15 min。观察3组患者术后8、24、48 h的BP、HR、SpO2、镇痛和镇静评分及不良反应发生情况。结果 BS、S组镇痛效果明显优于B组（均P〈0.05）;BS组术后追加哌替啶比例明显低于B组、S组（均P〈0.05）;BS组镇静评分大于B和S组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;3组恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论布托啡诺与舒芬太尼联合用于PCIA,效果更确切,优于单独应用布托啡诺或舒芬太尼。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.