糖化血红蛋白对直接冠状动脉介入术后心肌组织灌注的影响

目的:观察糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受直接冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后心肌组织灌注的影响。方法:选择因AMI行直接PCI的患者492例,根据HbA1c水平将所有患者分为HbA1c≥6.5%组189例和HbA1c<6.5%组(对照组)303例。通过观察TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级、心肌blush分级(MBG)及术后ST段回落率(STR),评价2组患者的术后心肌组织灌注及预后。结果:与对照组比较,HbA1c≥6.5%组的病变血管数、术中出现无复流/慢血流比例、住院期间病死率及梗死相关动脉开通时间显著增加,而术后达到TIMI血流3级、MBG 3级、TMP 3级和STR的比例及LVEF均明显降低(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,HbA1c≥6.5%是影响术后STR(OR=2.156,95%CI:1.057～4.328,P=0.036)及住院期间病死率(OR=1.021,95%CI:0.418～2.412,P=0.022)的独立危险因素。结论:HbA1c升高的AMI患者心肌组织灌注较差,住院期间病死率高。应重视这些高危患者,并尽早处理,从而改善患者的预后。     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注不良的发生率及其对临床预后的影响

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）-急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响。方法回顾性收集398例老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-elevationmyocardi-alinfarction,STEMI）行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与TIMI心肌灌注（TIMIMyocardialPerfusion,TMP）分级等指标评估心肌组织水平再灌注状态,患者分为4组,A组为ST段回落率〉50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率〈50%而术后TMP分级=Ⅲ级;C组为术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级而ST段回落率〉50%;D组为ST段回落率〈50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级。分析心肌组织水平再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响。结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关血管（infarctionrelatedartery,IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占37.2%,心电图ST段回落小于50%者占37.2%,均接近1/3。12.5%的患者具有远端栓塞。术后ST段回落率〉50%并且TMP分级为Ⅲ级者占总人数的39.8%,ST段回落率〈50%,并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级占总人数的14.3%。心肌组织灌注状态不良者与心肌组织灌注状态良好者相比平均住院日更长,左室EF值更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,远端栓塞发生率更高,IABP辅助应用比率更大,心功能恶化、心脏性死亡更高。与D组相比,随访期间MACE的发生风险在C组为43%（P=0.11）,在B组为24%（P〈0.01）,在A组为2.7%（P〈0.01）。结论老年急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗后IRA再通者仅有不到40%的患者其心肌组织水平得到了良好的再灌注,其近、远期预后较好,而剩余约60%的患者其心肌组织水平存在不同程度的再灌注障碍,其中有大概约超过10%的患者其心肌组织水平存在较差的再灌注状态,这些患者在住院期间以及远期随访期间有着极高的MACE发生风险。     

血栓抽吸导管在直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用对比研究

目的对比应用Diver和Zeek手动血栓抽吸导管在直接PCI中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析行直接PCI前使用Diver和Zeek抽吸导管的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者176例。分为Diver抽吸导管组(Diver组)88例,Zeek抽吸导管组(Zeek组)88例。观察2组患者术中吸出血栓情况及术后组织灌注、TIMI血流、心肌酶及临床主要不良心血管事件变化。结果 Zeek组术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓比例明显高于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而术中应用替罗非班比例明显低于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与应用抽吸导管前比较,应用抽吸导管后2组患者血栓积分、TIMI 1级血流比例明显降低;TIMI 3级血流、心肌灌注分级(MBG)及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同的抽吸导管是直接PCI术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓的独立影响因素;MBG 0～1级、TMP 0～1级、吸烟、左前降支病变及术前TIMI 0级是术后ST段回落的独立影响因素。结论 2种血栓抽吸导管均能有效改善直接PCI术后TIMI血流及心肌组织灌注,降低血栓负荷。但对直接PCI短期预后的影响元明显差异。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与心肌梗死溶栓试验心肌灌注(TMP)分级等指标评估心肌再灌注状态.患者分为4组:A组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;C组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级;D组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级.以A组代表心肌灌注状态良好者,D组代表心肌灌注状态不良者.分析心肌再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响.结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关动脉前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占27.3%(237/964),心电图ST段回落小于50%者占30.6%(266/964).11.31%(109/964)的患者发生远端栓塞.A组占总例数的48.9%(425/964),D组占总例数的10.5%(91/964).与A组比较,D组患者在住院期间(RR=64.63,P<0.01)以及随访期间(RR=11.69,P<0.01)均有较高的主要不良心脏事件发生风险.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊PCI后不到50%的患者心肌再灌注良好,心肌再灌注状态与近、远期临床预后显著相关.     

冠状动脉介入术后射血分数中间范围患者特点的临床调查

目的观察冠状动脉(冠脉)介入术后射血分数中间范围患者临床特点及预后。方法选择2016年1月至2017年12月于中国人民解放军陆军第81集团军医院心内科接受急诊冠脉介入术患者180例,按术后超声心动检查的左室射血分数(LVEF)值分为rEF组60例,mrEF组60例,pEF组60例。记录患者一般资料、入院48 h内超声心动检查的LVEF值、血常规、生化检验;术前术后的TIMI血流情况、ST段变化;术前病变血管支数;术后心肌灌注分级(TMP)、心肌blush分级(MBG)等情况。结果 rEF组患者比mrEF组在术后TIMI血流改善快、IRA开通时间快、曝光时间短(P0.05)。mrEF组患者比pEF组在术后TIMI血流改善快、IRA开通时间快、曝光时间短,且血管病变支数以1支为多见(P0.05)。rEF组患者在术后TIMI血流改善、IRA开通时间、血管病变支数、曝光时间等方面优于pEF组(P0.05)。rEF组在术后出现TIMI血流3级、MBG3级、TMP3级、ST段回落(STR)以及术后院内病死情况的患者人数优于mrEF组和pEF组(P0.05)。mrEF组在术后出现MBG3级、TIMI血流3级、TMP3级、ST段回落(STR)情况的患者人数比例优于pEF组(P0.05)。rEF组在术后改善SNT-pro-BNP均值、CK-MB、谷丙转氨酶等化验结果优于mrEF组和pEF组(P0.05)。结论 PCI后的mrEF患者疗效优于pEF组但又不及rEF组,且术后院内病死情况mrEF组和pEF组无区别。     

冠脉内应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死介入治疗心肌灌注及预后的影响

目的 评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中冠脉内应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对术后心肌灌注和6个月随访结果的影响.方法 将178例接受急诊直接PCI治疗的AMI患者随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,比较两组术后即刻病变血管TIMI分级、校正的TIMI计帧数、心肌灌注TMP分级、心电图ST段下降程度,检测术后及6个月随访时NT-proBNP水平,超声心动图测定术后1周及6个月心脏射血分数,记录6个月内心脏主要不良事件.结果 两组术后TIMI 3级获得率无统计学差异,但替罗非班组校正的TIMI计帧数明显低于对照组,术后心肌灌注TMP分级3级血流者显著高于对照组,术后90 min心电图相关导联ST段明显回落者较对照组多,术后NT-proBNP 水平较对照组显著降低;随访6个月时NT-proBNP明显低于对照组,心脏射血分数明显高于对照组(P均<0.05).两组住院期间及6个月内主要心血管事发生率有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 AMI患者急诊直接PCI术中冠脉内应用替罗非班安全有效,可显著改善PCI术后的心肌灌注及临床预后.     

再灌注时间对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的:分析再灌注时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注及近期预后的影响。方法:101例首发STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者按症状发作至再灌注的时间(t)分为3组:t≤3h为A组,37例;3h0.05)。B组及C组PCI术后MBG0/1(58.06%、57.58%)和ST段回落不全(STR<50%)的比例(51.61%、54.55%)均高于A组(32.43%和27.03%,P<0.05),B组与C组间MBG、STR无统计学差异(P>0.05)。B组及C组在30d随访期间的死亡率、Killip分级和心源性休克发生率均显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:在STEMI急诊PCI中,12h内不同时间组获得TIMI 3级血流的比例相同,但再灌注时间<3h的患者心肌组织灌注水平提高,近期预后较好。     

再灌注时间对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的:分析再灌注时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注及近期预后的影响. 方法:101例首发STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者按症状发作至再灌注的时间(t)分为3组:t≤3 h为A组,37例;3 h0.05).B组及C组PCI术后MBG0/1(58.06%、57.58%)和ST段回落不全(STR<50%)的比例(51.61%、54.55%)均高于A组(32.43%和27.03%,P<0.05),B组与C组间MBG、STR无统计学差异(P>0.05).B组及C组在30 d随访期间的死亡率、Killip分级和心源性休克发生率均显著高于A组(P<0.05). 结论:在STEMI急诊PCI中,12 h内不同时间组获得TIMI 3级血流的比例相同,但再灌注时间<3 h的患者心肌组织灌注水平提高,近期预后较好.     

血栓抽吸术联合PCI治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效

目的观察血栓抽吸(TA)联合冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴有血栓负荷病变的疗效及安全性。方法选取70例(年龄≥65岁)经冠状动脉造影证实冠脉血栓负荷病变患者,在AMI常规治疗基础上均应用盐酸替罗非班治疗,并随机分为TA联合PCI组(45例)和单纯PCI组(25例)。TA联合PCI组加用DiverC.E.血栓抽吸装置。比较两组病人一般发病资料和TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比、心肌显色分级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果两组心肌梗死溶栓治疗TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比(sumSTR)、心肌显色分级(MBG)、LVEF比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);住院期间TA联合PCI组MACE发生率较单纯PCI组低。结论 TA联合血小板膜受体拮抗剂是治疗AMI伴有血栓负荷病变有效的手段,能够更大程度改善冠脉血流和梗死区域的心肌灌注,挽救濒死心肌,减少MACE事件发生,改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死血栓负荷病变患者的左室功能,改善预后。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后ST段回落不良的分析

目的探讨ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接PCI术后ST段回落不良的相关因素。方法173例符合ST段抬高AMI诊断并行直接PCI的患者,计算其心电图ST段回落指数,运用logistic回归分析影响ST段回落的相关因素。结果冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级0/1(OR=2.936)、病变部位(OR=2.121)、胸痛开始到再灌注的时间(OR=1.314)、梗死前心绞痛(OR=1.053)是影响术后心电图ST段恢复的相关因素。结论AMI直接PCI术后心电图ST段恢复程度与上述因素有关。     

Impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) utilizing myocardial blush grade (MBG) and ST-segment elevation resolution (STR). BACKGROUND: Diabetes is an independent predictor of outcomes after primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether the poor prognosis is due to lower rates of myocardial reperfusion is unknown. METHODS: Reperfusion success in those with and without diabetes mellitus was determined by measuring MBG (n = 1,301) and STR analysis (n = 700) in two substudies of the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial among patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI. RESULTS: There were no differences between those with or without diabetes with regard to postprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 (>95%), distribution of infarct-related artery, and the frequency of stent deployment or abciximab administration. Patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1, 56.0% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.01) and absent STR (20.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.002). Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 2.28], p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1) and absent STR (HR 2.94 [95% CI 1.64 to 5.37], p = 0.005) by multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar high rates of TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI in patients with and without diabetes, patients with diabetes are more likely to have abnormal myocardial perfusion as assessed by both incomplete STR and reduced MBG. Diminished microvascular perfusion in diabetics after primary PCI may contribute to adverse outcomes.     

Comparison of the angiographic myocardial blush grade with delayed‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarctions

Background: Both myocardial blush grade (MBG) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are imaging tools that can assess myocardial reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objectives: We studied the relation between MBG and gadolinium‐enhanced CMR for the assessment of microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with acute ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary PCI. Material and Methods: MBG was assessed in 39 patients with initial TIMI 0 STEMI successfully treated by PCI, resulting in TIMI 3 flow grade and complete ST‐segment resolution. These MBG values were related to MVO determined by CMR, performed between 2 and 7 days after PCI. Left ventricular (LV) volumes were determined at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Results: No statistical relation was found between MBG and MVO extent at CMR (P = 0.63). Regarding MBG 0 and 1 as a sign of MVO, the sensitivity and specificity of these scores were 53.8 and 75%, respectively. In this study, CMR determined MVO was the only significant LV remodeling predicting factor (β = 31.8; P = 0.002), whatever the MBG status was. Conclusion: MBG underestimates MVO after an optimal revascularization in AMI compared with CMR. This study suggests the superior accuracy of delayed‐enhanced magnetic resonance over MBG for the assessment of myocardial reperfusion injury that is needed in clinical trials, where the principal endpoint is the reduction of infarct size and MVO. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

血栓抽吸导管对急性心肌梗死患者心肌灌注水平影响的临床研究

目的分析在血栓负荷较大的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊PCI中,应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注的影响及安全性。方法选择经急诊冠状动脉造影显示血栓负荷较大的AMI患者36例作为血栓抽吸组,另选同期采用常规PCI的AMI患者36例作为对照组,比较2组的血栓负荷、TIMI分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级、心肌酶峰值、ST段回落幅度、LVEF、住院期间心血管不良事件。结果血栓抽吸组患者经抽吸后血栓负荷明显降低;血栓抽吸组患者TIMI分级和TMP分级明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);血栓抽吸组患者较对照组肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶峰值明显降低,术后1 h ST段回落百分比明显增高,LVEF明显升高,左心室舒张末内径明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在血栓负荷较重的AMI患者行急诊PCI时,应用血栓抽吸导管安全可行,可显著改善梗死相关血管前向血流情况,改善心肌再灌注,减少无复流现象和心肌酶的释放。     

糖尿病对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数（STR）和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级（MBG）评价糖尿病对急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接PCI后心肌灌注以及患者预后影响的价值。方法287例AMI并行急诊PCI的患者依据病史以及入院前是否接受药物和非药物降糖治疗的情况分为糖尿病组（n=95例）和非糖尿病组（n=192例）。所有患者分析心电图STR和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组年龄较大[（65±12）岁比（57±11）岁,P〈0．05]。两组PCI术后TIMIⅢ级血流的患者数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。糖尿病组心肌微循环灌注不良多于非糖尿病组（MBG 0／156．0％比41．1％,P=0．019）,ST段回落不全也多于非糖尿病组（43．2％比30．7％,P=0．038）。糖尿病组患者在随诊期间联合终点事件的发生率明显多于非糖尿病组（27．4％比16．1％,P=0．025）。多因素回归分析显示糖尿病是患者预后不良的独立危险因素（RR=1．83,95％CI：1．04～3．36,P=0．01）。患者接受再灌注的时间（RR=3．63,95％CI：1．27～10．42,P=0．03）、ST段回落不全（RR=11．71,95％CI：1．53～38．70,P=0．03）以及MBG0／1（RR=1．16,95％CI：1．03～1．38,P=0．01）与患者预后不良相关。结论糖尿病是AMI患者在成功接受介入治疗术后预后不良的独立危险因素,这可能与糖尿病患者出现心肌微循环灌注不良有关。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗的近期疗效分析

目的探讨急诊PCI对老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的疗效和安全性。方法选择接受急诊PCI的AMI患者351例,分为老年组273例,高龄组78例。比较2组的临床资料、冠状动脉病变特征、住院时间和并发症的发生率。结果老年组单支病变明显高于高龄组,双支、3支病变及合并左主干病变明显低于高龄组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高龄组置入2个以上支架数、住院期间择期再次PCI、梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常和≥KillipⅢ级心功能发生率明显高于老年组(P<0.05,P<0.01);2组住院时间、入院到球囊扩张时间、住院期间再梗死、心源性休克发生率和30 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄AMI患者行急诊PCI治疗是安全有效的。     

Markers of myocardial reperfusion as predictors of left ventricular function recovery in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty

BACKGROUND: Myocardial blush grade (MBG), corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), and ST-segment reduction are indices of myocardial reperfusion. HYPOTHESIS: We evaluated their predictive value for left ventricular (LV) function recovery by gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: In 40 patients with AMI, gated SPECT was performed at admission and repeated 7 and 30 days after PCI. Left ventricular function recovery was defined as an increase > or = 10 points in SPECT LV ejection fraction from baseline to 1 month. The MBG, cTFC, and ST-segment elevation index 1 h after PCI were determined to evaluate reperfusion. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (Group 1) had LV function recovery and 16 (Group 2) did not. A significant correlation was found between LV function recovery and MBG (r = 0.66; p = 0.0001), and ST-segment elevation index at 1 h (r = -0.55; p = 0.0001), but not with cTFC. Univariate predictors of LV function recovery were MBG (p = 0.0003) and ST-segment elevation index 1 h after intervention (p = 0.0026), but not cTFC. In a multivariate analysis, MBG was the only predictor of LV function recovery. Myocardial blush grade > or = 2 and ST-segment elevation index reduction had the same accuracy (88%) for predicting LV function recovery. Lower accuracy (75%) was shown by fast cTFC (< 23 frames). Myocardial blush grade > or = 2 showed the better negative likelihood ratio, and ST-segment elevation index reduction had the higher positive likelihood ratio in predicting LV function recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial blush grade was the best parameter for prediction of LV function recovery: MBG > or = 2 and ST-segment elevation index reduction showed good accuracy in predicting LV function recovery. The cTFC failed to be a significant predictor.     

靶血管髓过氧化物酶对直接冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌灌注的影响

目的探讨靶血管局部髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）浓度对急性心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入（primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI）治疗后心肌灌注的影响。方法纳入行PPCI治疗、并行血栓抽吸术的sT段抬高性心肌梗死患者148为研究对象。冠状动脉造影前,经动脉鞘取血3mL;PPCI治疗前．采用Export XT血栓抽吸导管在靶血管内抽吸血栓,过滤栓子等成分,分离血清备用。按照常规方法植入支架。主要终点为术后心肌呈色分级（myocardialblushgrades,MBG）,次要终点为血流心肌梗死溶栓（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction．TIMI）分级和ST段回落幅度。血清MPO浓度采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测。结果MBG0～1级患者局部MPO浓度为（79．3±8．7）ng／L,MBG2级为（73．7±10．4）ng／L,MBG3级为（53．2±9．8）ng／L,不同MBG分级间血清MPO浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血流TIMI3级患者局部MPO浓度低于TIMI1～2级者,差异有统计学意义[（59．6±8．8）ng／L％（72．9±7．6）ng／L,P〈O．05]。ST段回落≥70％患者局部MPO浓度低于sT段回落〈70％的患者,差异有统计学意义[（55．3±7.3）ng／Lvs（82．7±8．1）ng／L,P〈O．05]。外周动脉血中的MPO浓度与MBG分级、TIMl分级和sT段是否完全回落没有显著相关（P〉0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死患者中,PPCI治疗后心肌灌注不良伴随靶血管局部MPO浓度升高,全身的MPO浓度与术后心肌灌注无明显关系。     

Impact of ST-segment resolution after primary angioplasty on outcomes after myocardial infarction in elderly patients: an analysis from the CADILLAC trial

Background

Age is a strong independent predictor of outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether lower rates of reperfusion success contribute to the poor prognosis in elderly patients is unknown.

Methods

A formal ST-segment analysis substudy was performed in 695 patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI in the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial. Reperfusion success (determined by the magnitude of ST-segment elevation resolution [STR] after PCI) was evaluated in 4 age groups: <50 years (n = 163), ≥50 to <60 years (n = 187), ≥60 to <70 years (n = 194), and ≥70 years (n = 151).

Results

There were no differences in the age groups for angiographic procedural success >91% in all, P = .6), postprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow >94%, P = .8), and the proportions of patients with complete, partial, or absent STR (P >.8). However, rates of 30-day mortality (0.6%, 1.1%, 3.6%, 6.0%, respectively) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; 2.5%, 4.8%, 6.2% 9.3%, respectively) increased with age. Rates of mortality and MACE were also inversely related to the magnitude of STR. Absent STR (hazard ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.37-6.58; P = .006) and age (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.77; P = .04) were independent predictors of 30-day MACE by using multivariable modeling.

Conclusions

Lack of effective myocardial reperfusion is not a contributory mechanism responsible for the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in elderly patients. Nevertheless, advanced age and absent STR are both independent predictors of adverse outcomes after primary PCI, emphasizing the importance of successful reperfusion in the elderly population.     

Manual thrombus-aspiration improves myocardial reperfusion: the randomized evaluation of the effect of mechanical reduction of distal embolization by thrombus-aspiration in primary and rescue angioplasty (REMEDIA) trial

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a new manual thrombus-aspirating device in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Failure to achieve myocardial reperfusion often occurs during PCI in patients with STEMI. The use of thrombus-aspirating devices might improve myocardial reperfusion by reducing distal embolization. METHODS: We prospectively randomized before coronary angiography 100 consecutive patients with STEMI to either standard PCI or PCI with manual thrombus-aspiration. Primary end points of the study were post-procedural rates of myocardial blush grade (MBG) > or =2 and ST-segment resolution (STR) > or =70%. Analyses were planned by intention to treat. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients entered the analyses. The rates of post-procedural MBG > or =2 and STR > or =70% were, respectively, 68.0% and 44.9% in the thrombus-aspiration group compared with 58.0% and 36.7% in the standard PCI group: odds ratio (OR) 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 5.9), p = 0.020, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.3), p = 0.034, respectively. Moreover, the rate of patients achieving both the angiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria of optimal reperfusion was significantly higher in the thrombus-aspiration group compared with standard PCI: 46.0% versus 24.5%, OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 6.2), p = 0.025. In multivariate analysis, randomization to thrombus-aspiration was a significant independent predictor of achievement of MBG > or =2 and STR > or =70% (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective randomized study shows that manual thrombus-aspiration in unselected patients with STEMI undergoing primary or rescue PCI is clinically feasible and results in better angiographic and ECG myocardial reperfusion rates compared with those achieved by standard PCI.     

校正TIMI帧数与ST段回落评价老年急性心肌梗死患者支架成形术后心肌组织灌注

目的　观察老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗成功后 ,校正的 TIMI帧数 (CTFC)与心电图 ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。方法　选取接受 PCI治疗后血流达 TIMI3级的老年 AMI患者 42例 ,测定 CTFC,并在术前及术后 1月分别测定室壁运动记分 (WMSI)。观察 CTFC与 WMSI之间的相关性 ,同时检查术前及术后 1 h心电图 ST段回落情况。结果　按照 CTFC将 TIMI血流 3级者分为快、慢两组 ,快 CTFC组 ST段回落程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ;一个月后快 CTFC组的 WMSI改善程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关 ;快 CTFC组患者从发病到接受 PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢 CTFC组。结论　 CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况 ,较低的 CTFC及心电图 ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后 ,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。