共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kathryn E Lewandowski Dost Ongür Sarah H Sperry Bruce M Cohen Selma Sehovic Jacqueline R Goldbach Fei Du 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(5):1243-1249
White matter (WM) abnormalities are among the most commonly reported neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder. Nonetheless, the specific nature and pathophysiology of these abnormalities remain unclear. Use of a combination of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor spectroscopy (DTS) permits examination of myelin and axon abnormalities separately. We aimed to examine myelination and axon geometry in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDP) by combining these two complementary noninvasive MRI techniques. We applied a combined MRI approach using MTR to study myelin content and DTS to study metabolite (N-acetylaspartate, NAA) diffusion within axons in patients with BDP (n=21) and healthy controls (n=24). Data were collected from a 1 × 3 × 3-cm voxel within the right prefrontal cortex WM at 4 Tesla. Clinical and cognitive data were examined in association with MTR and DTS data. MTR was significantly reduced in BDP, suggesting reduced myelin content. The apparent diffusion coefficient of NAA did not differ from healthy controls, suggesting no changes in axon geometry in patients with BDP. These findings suggest that patients with BDP exhibit reduced myelin content, but no changes in axon geometry compared with controls. These findings are in contrast with our recent findings, using the same techniques, in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), which suggest both myelination and axon abnormalities in SZ. This difference may indicate that alterations in WM in BDP may have unique causes and may be less extensive than WM abnormalities seen in SZ. 相似文献
2.
Arash Nazeri M Mallar Chakravarty Daniel Felsky Nancy J Lobaugh Tarek K Rajji Benoit H Mulsant Aristotle N Voineskos 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2013,38(10):1954-1962
Post-mortem studies have demonstrated alterations in superficial white matter (SWM) in schizophrenia patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to assess SWM in vivo, and compare SWM fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients vs healthy controls. The assessment of SWM in vivo also provides an opportunity to identify novel neural correlates of cognitive performance, and potential cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. Forty-four patients with schizophrenia and 44 matched healthy controls underwent neuroimaging and cognitive protocols. Using an SWM mask and tract-based spatial statistics, differences in SWM-FA were examined between groups. SWM-FA clusters different between groups were then used to predict cognitive performance with multiple linear regression. The relative contribution of SWM fiber subtypes (deep white matter extensions vs U-fibers and intraregional fibers) from significantly different clusters was examined. Compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia had reduced FA in five SWM clusters: the largest a left posterior parieto-occipital cluster, followed by four clusters in the left frontal lobe. SWM-FA in the frontal lobe clusters predicted attention, working memory, and processing speed performance in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia. The majority of streamlines tracked from these clusters were restricted to U-fibers and intraregional fibers, rather than deep white matter extensions. Our analyses revealed prominent SWM disruption in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. SWM–cognition relationships shown in healthy individuals were disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. SWM may be an important neurobiological substrate of cognitive performance and a novel cortical treatment target for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. 相似文献
3.
Jiansong Xu Elise E DeVito Patrick D Worhunsky Kathleen M Carroll Bruce J Rounsaville Marc N Potenza 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2010,35(7):1541-1549
Cocaine dependence is associated with white matter impairments that may compromise cognitive function and hence drug users'' abilities to engage in and benefit from treatment. The main aim of this study was to assess whether white matter integrity correlates with treatment outcome measures in cocaine dependence. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess the white matter (WM) of 16 treatment-seeking cocaine-dependent patients before 8 weeks of therapy. The measures for treatment outcome were longest self-reported duration of continuous cocaine abstinence, percent of urine screens negative for cocaine, and duration (weeks) of treatment retention. Correlations between treatment outcome measures and DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy (FA), longitudinal eigenvalue (λ1), perpendicular eigenvalue (λT), and mean diffusivity (MD)) were analyzed. Longest self-reported abstinence from cocaine and percent of cocaine-negative urine samples during treatment positively correlated with FA values and negatively correlated with λ1, λT, and MD values across extensive brain regions including the corpus callosum, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, and cerebellum. The findings of an association between better WM integrity at treatment onset and longer abstinence suggest that strategies for improving WM integrity warrant consideration in developing new interventions for cocaine dependence. 相似文献
4.
Linda Chang Victoria Wong Helanna Nakama Michael Watters Darlene Ramones Eric N. Miller Christine Cloak Thomas Ernst 《Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology》2008,3(4):265-274
Chronic infection with HIV is associated with neuroinflammation. Prior diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies demonstrated
increased mean diffusion (MD) and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the white matter (WM) and subcortical brain regions
of HIV patients. The current study aims to detect whether there are greater than age-related brain changes in HIV patients
after a 1-year follow-up period using DTI. Thirty-nine antiretroviral-stable HIV subjects and 32 HIV-seronegative (SN) controls
were evaluated, with neuropsychological tests and DTI, at baseline and after 1 year. MD and FA in the genu and splenium of
the corpus callosum and in six other subcortical and white matter regions were evaluated bilaterally. Compared to SN controls,
HIV subjects had significantly higher MD in the frontal WM (p = 0.0104) and lower FA in the parietal WM (p = 0.006). After 1 year, HIV subjects showed increase in MD in frontal and parietal WM, putamen, and genu; HIV subjects also
showed greater increased genu diffusion than SN controls (p = 0.005). Changes in global cognitive deficit score correlated with changes in MD in the genu and FA in the parietal and
frontal WM and putamen (multiple regression, p = 0.0008). Lastly, normal age-dependent changes in frontal WM diffusion and FA in genu and putamen were not observed in HIV
subjects. Since increased MD may reflect increased neuroinflammation, our findings suggest greater than normal age-related
inflammatory changes in the genu of these HIV patients, which may contribute to the cognitive deficits. Measurements of MD
in the genu may be useful for monitoring disease progression in HIV brain infection. 相似文献
5.
Tract-based diffusion tensor imaging in patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings
Heleen B.M. Boos René C.W. Mandl Neeltje E.M. van Haren Wiepke Cahn G. Caroline M. van Baal René S. Kahn Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2013,23(4):295-304
Structural brain abnormalities have consistently been found in patients with schizophrenia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to be a useful method to measure white matter (WM) integrity in this illness, but findings in the earlier disease stages are inconclusive. Moreover, the relationship between WM microstructure and the familial risk for developing schizophrenia remains unresolved. From 126 patients with schizophrenia, 123 of their non-psychotic siblings and 109 healthy control subjects, DTI images were acquired on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was compared along averaged WM tracts, computed for the genu, splenium, left and right uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, fornix, arcuate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was assessed for its unique environmental and familial (possibly heritable) aspects associated with schizophrenia, using structural equation modeling for these white matter tracts. The results of this study show that young adult (mean age 26.7 years) patients with schizophrenia did not differ in mean FA from healthy controls along WM fibers; siblings of patients showed higher mean FA in the left and right arcuate fasciculus as compared to patients and controls. With increasing age, an excessive decline in mean FA was found in patients as compared to siblings and healthy controls in the genu, left uncinate fasciculus, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Moreover, symptom severity was negatively correlated to mean FA in the arcuate fasciculus bilaterally in patients with schizophrenia. In young adult patients with schizophrenia integrity of individual tract-based (corticocortical) fibers can (still) be within normal limits. However, changes in the arcuate fasciculus may be relevant to (the risk to develop) psychosis, while a general and widespread loss of fiber integrity may be related to illness progression. 相似文献
6.
Laurena Holleran Mohamed Ahmed Heike Anderson-Schmidt John McFarland Louise Emsell Alexander Leemans Cathy Scanlon Peter Dockery Peter McCarthy Gareth J Barker Colm McDonald Dara M Cannon 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2014,39(4):944-954
Diffusion MRI investigations in schizophrenia provide evidence of abnormal white matter (WM) microstructural organization as indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily in interhemispheric, left frontal and temporal WM. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), we examined diffusion parameters in a sample of patients with severe chronic schizophrenia. Diffusion MRI data were acquired on 19 patients with chronic severe schizophrenia and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a 64 gradient direction sequence, (b=1300 s/mm2) collected on a Siemens 1.5T MRI scanner. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was determined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorder (SCID). Patients were treatment resistance, having failed to respond to at least two antipsychotic medications, and had prolonged periods of moderate to severe positive or negative symptoms. Analysis of diffusion parameters was carried out using TBSS. Individuals with chronic severe schizophrenia had significantly reduced FA with corresponding increased radial diffusivity in the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, right external capsule, and the right temporal inferior longitudinal fasciculus. There were no voxels of significantly increased FA in patients compared with controls. A decrease in splenium FA was shown to be related to a longer illness duration. We detected widespread abnormal diffusivity properties in the callosal and temporal lobe WM regions in individuals with severe chronic schizophrenia who have not previously been exposed to clozapine. These deficits can be driven by a number of factors that are indistinguishable using in vivo diffusion-weighted imaging, but may be related to reduced axonal number or packing density, abnormal glial cell arrangement or function, and reduced myelin. 相似文献
7.
Francesco Benedetti Chiara Giacosa Daniele Radaelli Sara Poletti Elena Pozzi Sara Dallaspezia Andrea Falini Enrico Smeraldi 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2013,23(7):581-593
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the study of white matter (WM) structure. Literature suggests that WM structure could be altered in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) proportional to the severity of the disease. Heterogeneity of brain imaging methods, of the studied samples, and of drug treatments make localization, nature, and severity of the WM abnormalities unclear. We applied Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) of DTI measures to compare fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial, and radial diffusivity of the WM skeleton in a group of 40 consecutively admitted inpatients affected by severe OCD (18 drug-naive, and 22 with an ongoing drug treatment) and 41 unrelated healthy volunteers from the general population. Data were analyzed accounting for the effects of multiple comparisons, and of age, sex, and education as nuisance covariates. Compared to controls, OCD patients showed a widespread reduction of FA with a concurrent increase of mean and radial diffusivity. In no brain areas patients had higher FA or lower diffusivity values than controls. These differences were observed in drug-treated patients compared to drug-naive patients and healthy controls, which in turn did not differ among themselves in any DTI measure. Reduced FA with increased mean and radial diffusivity suggests significant changes in myelination of WM tracts, without axonal loss. Drug treatments could modify the structure of cell membranes and myelin sheaths by influencing cellular lipogenesis, cholesterol homeostasis, autophagy, oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. Changes of DTI measures in drug-treated OCD patients could reflect pathophysiological underpinnings of OCD, or a yet unexplored part of the mechanism of action of drugs. 相似文献
8.
Aristotle N Voineskos Jason P Lerch Daniel Felsky Arun Tiwari Tarek K Rajji Dielle Miranda Nancy J Lobaugh Bruce G Pollock Benoit H Mulsant James L Kennedy 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2011,36(9):1871-1878
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk, brain vulnerability, and clinical symptoms. The ZNF804A risk variant, rs1344706, confers susceptibility for both disorders. This study aimed to identify neural mechanisms common to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through this variant''s potential effects on cortical thickness, white matter tract integrity, and cognitive function. Imaging, genetics, and cognitive measures were ascertained in 62 healthy adults aged between 18 and 59 years. High-resolution multimodal MRI/DTI imaging was used to measure cortical thickness and major frontotemporal and interhemispheric white matter tracts. The general linear model was used to examine the influence of the ZNF804A rs1344706 risk variant on cortical thickness, white matter tract integrity, and cognitive measures. Individuals homozygous for the risk variant (‘A'' allele) demonstrated reduced cortical gray matter thickness in the superior temporal gyrus, and in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices compared with C-allele carriers. No effect of the risk variant on microstructural integrity of white matter tracts was found. Reduced attention control was found in risk allele homozygotes, aligning with findings in the anterior cingulate cortex. Our data provide a novel, genetically based neural risk mechanism for the major psychoses by effects of the ZNF804A risk variant on neural structures and cognitive function susceptible in both disorders. Our findings link genetic, imaging, and cognitive susceptibility relevant to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. 相似文献
9.
Mitzy Kennis Sanne J H van Rooij Do P M Tromp Andrew S Fox Arthur R Rademaker René S Kahn Ned H Kalin Elbert Geuze 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(10):2434-2442
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that has been associated with brain abnormalities, including white matter alterations. However, little is known about the effect of treatment on these brain alterations. To investigate the course of white matter alterations in PTSD, we used a longitudinal design investigating treatment effects on white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer images were obtained pre- and posttreatment from veterans with (n=39) and without PTSD (n=22). After treatment, 16 PTSD patients were remitted, and 23 had persistent PTSD based on PTSD diagnosis. The dorsal and hippocampal cingulum bundle, stria terminalis, and fornix were investigated as regions of interest. Exploratory whole-brain analyses were also performed. Groups were compared with repeated-measures ANOVA for fractional anisotropy (FA), and magnetization transfer ratio. Persistently symptomatic PTSD patients had increasing FA of the dorsal cingulum over time, and at reassessment these FA values were higher than both combat controls and the remitted PTSD group. Group-by-time interactions for FA were found in the hippocampal cingulum, fornix, and stria terminalis, posterior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Our results indicate that higher FA of the dorsal cingulum bundle may be an acquired feature of persistent PTSD that develops over time. Furthermore, treatment might have differential effects on the hippocampal cingulum, fornix, stria terminalis, posterior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus in remitted vs persistent PTSD patients. This study contributes to a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of PTSD treatment outcome. 相似文献
10.
目的 应用磁共振DTI分析轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者后扣带回脑白质各向异性分数(FA)值的变化,探讨DTI对轻度认知障碍的诊断价值.方法 选择观察组MCI患者与对照组健康志愿者各18例,应用GE Signa Excite 1.5 T 核磁共振系统进行头颅DTI检查,分别测量2组后扣带回、海马旁回及内囊后肢脑白质的FA值,比较2组测量结果.结果 观察组双侧后扣带回脑白质FA值显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);2组海马旁回、内囊后肢及胼胝体膝部FA值比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05).结论 DTI作为早期诊断MCI的无创性检查手段,对早期干预及提高患者生存质量具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
12.
Carolin Moessnang Ute Habel Frank Schneider Steven J Siegel 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2012,37(13):2846-2854
According to the aberrant-salience hypothesis, attribution of motivational salience is severely disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. To provide a translational approach for investigating underlying mechanisms, neural correlates of salience attribution were examined in normal mice and in a MK-801 model of schizophrenia. Electrophysiological responses to standard and deviant tones were assessed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using an auditory oddball paradigm. Motivational salience was induced by aversive conditioning to the deviant tone. Analysis of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) showed selective modulation of the late frontal negativity (LFN) by motivational salience, which persisted throughout a 4-week delay. MK-801, an N-methyl-𝒟-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, abolished this differential response to motivational salience in conditioned mice. In contrast, a pronounced LFN response was observed towards the deviant, ie, perceptually salient tone, in nonconditioned mice. The finding of a selective modulation of a late frontal slow wave suggests increased top–down processing and emotional evaluation of motivationally salient stimuli. In particular, the LFN is discussed as the mouse analog to the human stimulus preceding negativity, which reflects preparatory processes in anticipation of reward or punishment. MK-801 led to a disruption of the normal response in conditioned and nonconditioned mice, including an aberrantly increased LFN in nonconditioned mice. This pattern of ‘false-negative'' and ‘false-positive'' responses suggests a degradation of salience attribution, which points to mPFC responses to be relevant for translational research on cognitive alterations in schizophrenia. 相似文献
13.
Wenxu Zhuang Yingying Tang Na Zhong Haifeng Jiang Jiang Du Jijun Wang Min Zhao 《Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology》2016,11(3):523-530
White matter (WM) alterations have been reported in methamphetamine (MA) users. However, knowledge about longitudinal changes in WM during abstinence from MA remains unknown. The present study aimed to examine how WM changes in long-term MA abstinent, in particular, whether the WM deficits would recover as the duration of abstinence extended. Twenty male MA dependent individuals and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and participated in both clinical assessments and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The MA group underwent two DTI scans, a baseline scan with a duration of abstinence of 6.4 months and and a follow-up scan with a duration of abstinence of 13.0 months. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was utilized to conduct baseline DTI analysis of MA group compared with HCs. The clusters with significant group differences of factional anisotropy (FA) were extracted as region of interests (ROIs). Mean values of DTI measurements (FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity) were calculated within the ROIs in each subject’s native space at baseline and follow-up. The MA group showed significant lower FA in the right internal capsule and superior corona radiate than HCs. The deficits did not recover when the duration of abstinence from MA reached 13 months. No significant correlations were found between FA and clinical measurements. Our results suggested persistent microstructure deficits of WM tracts surrounding the basal ganglia in MA dependent individuals. 相似文献
14.
Bell RP Foxe JJ Nierenberg J Hoptman MJ Garavan H 《Drug and alcohol dependence》2011,114(2-3):159-168
Current cocaine-dependent users show reductions in white matter (WM) integrity, especially in cortical regions associated with cognitive control that have been associated with inhibitory dysfunction. A key question is whether these white matter differences are present following abstinence from drug use. To address this, WM integrity was examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) obtained on 43 cocaine abstinent patients (abstinence duration ranged between five days and 102 weeks) and 43 non-using controls. Additionally, a cross-sectional comparison separated the patients into three groups (short-term, mid-term and long-term) based upon duration of cocaine abstinence. The 43 cocaine abstinent patients showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left anterior callosal fibers, left genu of the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, right callosal fibers and the superior corona radiata bilaterally when compared against non-using controls. Higher FA in the cocaine abstinent patients was observed in the splenium of the corpus callosum and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Differences between the cocaine abstinent groups were observed bilaterally in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right anterior thalamic radiation, right ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, left superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus bilaterally, right cingulum and the WM of the right precentral gyrus. The results identified WM differences between cocaine abstinent patients and controls as well as distinct differences between abstinent subgroups. The findings suggest that specific white matter differences persist throughout abstinence while other, spatially distinct, differences discriminate as a function of abstinence duration. These differences may, therefore, represent brain changes that mark recovery from addiction. 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨磁共振弥散张量成像对诊断脑震荡的价值。方法:应用CT、常规磁共振扫描及磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)对88例头部轻微伤临床诊断为脑震荡的患者和15名健康志愿者(对照组)进行检查,前者为观察组,后者为对照组。所有图像行DTI图像后处理得到不同兴趣区(ROI)各向异性分数(FA),包括两侧内囊(capsula interna)和外囊(capsula externa)、额叶、枕叶和颞下回部的FA值。将对照组的DTI值经过计算出均值和标准差作为常模。将观察组结果与对照组比较。结果:与对照组比较,观察组中有65例(73.86%)的ROI的FA值下降,另23例(26.13%)和对照组比较没有差异。结论:DTI技术对白质纤维损伤较为敏感,能准确定位、定量分析损伤程度,可为临床诊断脑震荡提供客观依据。 相似文献
16.
Personal success often requires the choice to expend greater effort for larger rewards, and deficits in such effortful decision making accompany a number of illnesses including depression, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Animal models have implicated brain regions such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in physical effort-based choice, but disentangling the unique contributions of these two regions has proven difficult, and effort demands in industrialized society are predominantly cognitive in nature. Here we utilize the rodent cognitive effort task (rCET), a modification of the five-choice serial reaction-time task, wherein animals can choose to expend greater visuospatial attention to obtain larger sucrose rewards. Temporary inactivation (via baclofen–muscimol) of BLA and ACC showed dissociable effects: BLA inactivation caused hard-working rats to ‘slack off'' and ‘slacker'' rats to work harder, whereas ACC inactivation caused all animals to reduce willingness to expend mental effort. Furthermore, BLA inactivation increased the time needed to make choices, whereas ACC inactivation increased motor impulsivity. These data illuminate unique contributions of BLA and ACC to effort-based decision making, and imply overlapping yet distinct circuitry for cognitive vs physical effort. Our understanding of effortful decision making may therefore require expanding our models beyond purely physical costs. 相似文献
17.
Ki Sueng Choi Paul E Holtzheimer Alexandre R Franco Mary E Kelley Boadie W Dunlop Xiaoping P Hu Helen S Mayberg 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2014,39(6):1332-1339
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to evaluate white matter (WM) integrity in major depressive disorder (MDD), with several studies reporting differences between depressed patients and controls. However, these findings are variable and taken from relatively small studies often using suboptimal analytic approaches. The presented DTI study examined WM integrity in large samples of medication-free MDD patients (n=134) and healthy controls (n=54) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approaches, and rigorous statistical thresholds. Compared with health control subjects, MDD patients show no significant differences in fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, and axonal diffusivity with either the VBM or the TBSS approach. Our findings suggest that disrupted WM integrity does not have a major role in the neurobiology of MDD in this relatively large study using optimal imaging acquisition and analysis; however, this does not eliminate the possibility that certain patient subgroups show WM disruption associated with depression. 相似文献
18.
Ying Liang He Li Chenlong Lv Ni Shu Kewei Chen Xin Li Junying Zhang Liangping Hu Zhanjun Zhang 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2015,40(6):1519-1527
The SORL1 rs2070045 polymorphism was reported to be associated with SorLA expression in the brain and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer''s disease (AD). However, the influence of this polymorphism on cognitive functioning is likely to be moderated by sex. This study aimed to examine the sex moderation on the effects of rs2070045 on neuropsychological performance and the cingulum integrity in Chinese Han population. In this study, 780 non-demented older adults completed a battery of neuropsychological scales. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) of 126 subjects were acquired. We adopted the atlas-based segmentation strategy for calculating the DTI indices of the bilateral cingulum and cingulum hippocampal part for each subject. We used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare the cognitive performance and DTI differences between the rs2070045 genotype. Controlling for age, education, and the APOE ɛ4 status, the influence of sex on the effects of the rs2070045 polymorphism on executive function was observed. We also found an interaction between sex and the rs2070045 polymorphism on the white matter (WM) microstructure of the left cingulum hippocampal part. Furthermore, the mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity of the tract were associated with Trail Making Test performance in T/T men. These results hint that sex moderates the association between the rs2070045 polymorphism and executive function, as well as the WM integrity of the left cingulum hippocampal part. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of sex when examining the candidate genes for cognitive abilities and AD. 相似文献
19.
John D Beaver Christopher J Long David M Cole Michael J Durcan Linda C Bannon Rajesh G Mishra Paul M Matthews 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2011,36(9):1792-1800
Impaired attention (‘difficulty concentrating'') is a cognitive symptom of nicotine withdrawal that may be an important contributor to smoking relapse. However, the neurobiological basis of this effect and the potentially beneficial effects of nicotine replacement therapy both remain unclear. We used functional MRI with simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording to define brain activity correlates of cognitive impairment with short-term smoking cessation in habitual smokers and the effects of nicotine replacement. We found that irrespective of treatment (ie nicotine or placebo) EEG α power was negatively correlated with increased activation during performance of a rapid visual information processing (RVIP) task in dorsolateral prefrontal, dorsal anterior cingulate, parietal, and insular cortices, as well as, caudate, and thalamus. Relative to placebo, nicotine replacement further increased the α-correlated activation across these regions. We also found that EEG α power was negatively correlated with RVIP-induced deactivation in regions comprising the ‘default mode'' network (ie angular gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex). These α-correlated deactivations were further reduced by nicotine. These findings confirm that effects of nicotine on cognition during short-term smoking cessation occur with modulation of neuronal sources common to the generation of both the blood oxygen-level-dependent and α EEG signals. Our observations thus demonstrate that nicotine replacement in smokers has direct pharmacological effects on brain neuronal activity modulating cognitive networks. 相似文献
20.
T. Schwippel I. Papazova W. Strube A.J. Fallgatter A. Hasan C. Plewnia 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2018,28(12):1339-1350
Schizophrenia is a severe and often detrimental psychiatric disorder. The individual patients’ level of functioning is essentially determined by cognitive, particularly working memory (WM), deficits that are critically linked to dysfunctional activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can transiently modulate activity of the dlPFC and remote areas and has been shown to improve WM functions. It may therefore provide a new, targeted treatment option.For this aim, the present study investigated the effect of anodal tDCS of different intensities on spatial WM in patients with schizophrenia. In two experiments, 32 patients performed a spatial n-back task with increasing WM load (1-, 2-, and 3-back) at baseline and in two sessions with anodal or sham tDCS (EXP I [n?=?16]: 1?mA; EXP II [n?=?16]: 2?mA) to the right dlPFC (cathode: left m. deltoideus). With 1?mA anodal tDCS, no effect on WM performance could be detected. However, 2?mA anodal tDCS increased accuracy (measured by d’) of the task with the highest WM load (3-back). This effect was larger in patients with a lower level of general neurocognitive functioning.These results demonstrate a beneficial effect of 2?mA anodal tDCS on deficient WM accuracy in patients with schizophrenia particularly under challenging conditions and in subjects with higher cognitive impairments. This data will inform future clinical trials on tDCS-enhanced cognitive training to improve treatment of schizophrenia. 相似文献