Glued intraocular lens implantation for eyes with defective capsules: A retrospective analysis of anatomical and functional outcome

Purpose

To analyze the anatomical and functional outcome of glued intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation technique and its modifications.

Design

Retrospective observational case series.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of the patients who underwent glued intra ocular lens implantation from December 2007 to August 2010. Post operative uncorrected vision, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra ocular pressure, IOL position, endothelial cells and anterior chamber reaction at their last follow up are analyzed from their concerned case sheets documentation. Subjective changes are analyzed via individual questionnaire. Immediate and late postoperative complications are also evaluated. Surgical modifications and the difference in the operated eyes are analyzed.

Results

Total 210 glued IOL eyes have been reviewed. Out of this 210, there are 152 (PMMA glued IOL), 21 (three piece foldable IOL), 5 (multifocal foldable IOL), 12 (pediatric glued IOL), 5 (20G sutureless vitrectomy), 2 (glued iris prosthesis) and 3 (transposition of posterior chamber IOL into anterior chamber). In combined surgeries there are, 5 (optical penetrating keratoplasty), 2 (descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty) and 3 (iridoplasty). The modifications in glued IOL are handshake technique, injectable or foldable glued IOL, Multifocal glued IOL and intraoperative 23/25G trocar cannula infusion. Decentration (1.97%), macular edema (1.97%) and optic capture (2.63%) are the post operative complications encountered in rigid glued IOL. Good patient satisfaction is seen in the eyes with IOL repositioning, IOL exchange and multifocal glued IOL. There is significant improvement in BCVA in PMMA IOL (p = 1.35 × 10⁻⁵) and foldable IOL (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Glued IOL seems to be a good alternative in IOL implantation in eyes with deficient capsules. The modifications in the existing technique decrease the learning time and risk for complications.     

Predictive factor and kappa angle analysis for visual satisfactions in patients with multifocal IOL implantation

Purpose

To evaluate the visual acuity and quality-related satisfaction of patients implanted with a refractive design multifocal intraocular lens (IOL), and evaluate the factors predicting it including angle kappa.

Setting

Dr Agarwal''s Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre, Chennai.

Methods

In this prospective trial, 50 eyes of 44 consecutive patients were included. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with multifocal IOL implantation (Rezoom IOL, Abbott Medical Optics). The preoperative and postoperative assessment included slit lamp biomicroscopy, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and kappa angle assessment. At 1 year, 37 patients (43 eyes), who finished follow-up, were asked to rate their symptoms on a graded questionnaire (0–5 for five queries).

Results

The decimal scores for UCVA and BCVA were 0.38±0.21 and 0.47±0.17 (preoperative), and 0.75±0.22 and 0.99±0.11 (postoperative), respectively. Symptom scores were haloes 0.98±1.7, glare 0.69±1.48, blurred distance 1.0±1.7, intermediate 1.34±1.6, near 1.06±1.8. On regression analysis haloes depended on angle kappa and distance UCVA (R ²=0.26, P=0.029), and glare on angle kappa (R ²=0.26, P=0.033). Poor satisfactions with distance, intermediate, and near vision were linked with distance UCVA (R ²=0.17, P=2.3 × 10⁻⁴), distance UCVA (R ²=0.1, P=0.04), and near UCVA (R ²=0.12, P=0.03), respectively. The strongest predictor, however, for overall visual discomfort was distance UCVA (R ²=0.1, P=0.04).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that there may be a role of misalignment between the visual and pupillary axis (angle kappa) in the occurrence of photic phenomenon after refractive multifocal IOL implantation.     

Intraocular lens exchange through a 3.2-mm corneal incision for opacified intraocular lenses

Aim:

The aim was to evaluate visual and refractive results and complications of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange through a 3.2 mm corneal incision for opacified IOLs.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study comprised 33 eyes of 32 patients with IOL opacification requiring an IOL exchange between July 2003 and March 2007. Exchange surgery was performed through a 3.2-mm temporal clear corneal incision followed by implantation of a new foldable hydrophobic IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), topographical astigmatism, and refractive cylinder were evaluated. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated and complications were recorded.

Results:

Opacification was observed in 25 eyes (76%) with Aqua-Sense, 3 eyes (9%) with Hydroview, 3 eyes (9%) with MemoryLens IOLs, and 2 eyes (6%) with DgR. The mean follow-up period was 36.54 months. An uneventful IOL exchange was achieved in 18 eyes (55%). Zonular dehiscence occurred in 9 eyes (27%), and posterior capsule tear developed in 4 eyes (12%). The mean preoperative BSCVA (mean ± standard deviation, decimal scale) was 0.13 ± 0.08 (mean: 20/150, range 20/2000 to 20/60) and improved to 0.63 ± 0.18 (mean: 20/32, range 20/60 to 20/20, P < 0.001). The mean SIA was 0.70 D. Seven eyes (21%) had 0.5 D or lower SIA.

Conclusion:

IOL exchange is a technically challenging procedure with potential risks of reversing the advantages of a prior small-incision cataract surgery. The use of a small corneal incision for IOL exchange could preserve the advantages of modern phacoemulsification surgery with acceptable SIA related to the procedure.     

Outcome of in-the-bag implanted square-edge polymethyl methacrylate intraocular lenses with and without primary posterior capsulotomy in pediatric traumatic cataract

Purpose:

To study the outcome of in-the-bag implanted square-edge polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOL) with and without primary posterior capsulotomy in pediatric traumatic cataract.

Materials and Methods:

The study was undertaken in a tertiary care center. Thirty eyes of 30 children ranging in age from 4 to 16 years with traumatic cataract which underwent cataract extraction with capsular bag implantation of IOL were prospectively evaluated. Group A included 15 eyes of 15 children where primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and anterior vitrectomy with capsular bag implantation of square-edge PMMA IOL (Aurolab SQ3602, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India) was performed. Group B comprised 15 eyes of 15 children in which the posterior capsule was left intact. Postoperative visual acuity, visual axis opacification (VAO) and possible complications were analyzed.

Results:

Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better was achieved in 12 of 15 eyes in both groups. Amblyopia was the cause of no improvement in visual acuity in the remaining eyes. Visual axis opacification was significantly high in Group B as compared to Group A (P=0.001). Postoperative fibrinous uveitis occurred in most of the eyes in both groups. Pupillary capture was observed in one eye in each group.

Conclusion:

Primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy with capsular bag implantation of square-edge PMMA significantly helps to maintain a clear visual axis in children with traumatic cataract.     

无缝线巩膜层间固定人工晶状体植入术用于囊膜支撑力不足患者的疗效观察

目的 评价无缝线巩膜层间固定人工晶状体（intraocular lens,IOL）植入对囊膜支撑力不足患者的治疗安全性和有效性。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2015年8月至2018年5月于北京同仁眼科中心行无缝线巩膜层间固定IOL植入术患者41例（42眼）。方法 回顾性分析患者性别、年龄、术后并发症,比较手术前后裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力及屈光状态。术后随诊3~36个月,平均（12.1±9.0）个月。主要指标 并发症、裸眼视力、矫正视力、屈光状态。 结果 术后并发症包括前房渗出3例（7.1%）,轻度前房或玻璃体积血4例（9.5%）,一过性高眼压6例（14.3%）和低眼压8例（19.1%）,IOL夹持2例（4.8%）,IOL襻暴露1例（2.4%）。术后末次随访裸眼视力（LogMAR）及最佳矫正视力（LogMAR）分别为0.93±0.75和 0.21±0.23,与术前裸眼视力（1.69±0.38）及最佳矫正视力（0.35±0.22）比较,均有统计学差异（Z=-5.652,P=0.000;t=6.290, P=0.000）。末次就诊时术眼屈光不正平均球镜度数（0.85±0.47）D,散光平均柱镜度数（1.20±0.51）D。结论 无缝线巩膜层间固定IOL植入术后IOL稳定性良好,对无囊膜支撑的患者安全有效。     

无缝线巩膜层间固定术和传统睫状沟缝线悬吊术后患者人工晶状体位置特征及其与预后视力的关系

目的　对比分析无缝线巩膜层间固定术和传统睫状沟缝线悬吊术后患者人工晶状体位置特征及与预后视力的关系。方法　选取2017年5月至2019年9月在我院行后房型人工晶状体无缝线巩膜层间固定术的患者13例（14眼）作为层间固定术组;另外,选取行后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线悬吊术的患者13例（14眼）作为缝线悬吊术组。两组患者性别构成、年龄、术前裸眼视力（UCVA）和最佳矫正视力（BCVA）差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。检查并比较两组患者术前及术后UCVA和BCVA、屈光状态,并应用全景超声生物显微镜观察术后患者人工晶状体水平、垂直位的倾斜度和偏心值,采用Pearson相关分析进行晶状体位置参数和术后UCVA、BCVA、散光度和等效球镜度的相关性分析。结果　术后6个月,层间固定术组和缝线悬吊术组患者UCVA均较术前1周显著提高（均为P<0.05）;两组患者BCVA均较术前1周有所提高,但差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后6个月,28眼人工晶状体水平倾斜度为2.28°± 1.89°,水平偏心值为（1.56±1.23）mm,垂直倾斜度为4.32°± 4.61°,垂直偏心值为（1.82 ± 1.46）mm。术后6个月,层间固定术组患者人工晶状体垂直偏心值较缝线悬吊术组大,差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）;两组患者人工晶状体水平倾斜度、水平偏心值、垂直倾斜度比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。术后6个月,层间固定术组患眼的垂直倾斜度大于水平倾斜度,差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）。所有患者人工晶状体位置参数与预后视力各指标间均无相关性(均为P>0.05)。术前28眼眼压均在正常范围;术后3个月层间固定术组1眼眼压为8.0～8.8 mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),处于偏低状态;经局部应用激素滴眼治疗后6个月眼压稳定至正常。结论　无缝线巩膜层间固定术能使患者获得较好的预后视力,与传统睫状沟缝线悬吊术效果相似。     

Visual outcome and rotational stability of open loop toric intraocular lens implantation in Indian eyes

Purpose:

To assess the visual outcome and rotational stability of single-piece open loop toric Intra Ocular Lens (IOL) in a clinical setting.

Materials and Methods:

In a prospective study, 122 eyes of 77 patients were followed up for a period of 12 months after cataract surgery with toric open loop IOL implantation. The pre-operative markings for the position of incision and IOL placement were done under slit lamp by anterior stromal puncture. The visual acuity, refraction, and IOL position were assessed at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery.

Results:

The mean age of the cohort was 56 yrs (S.D. 13.88; range 16 to 87 years). The mean pre-operative cylinder of corneal astigmatism was 1.37 D. (SD 0.79, range 1.0 to 5.87 D). Mean post-operative refractive cylinder was 0.36 D (SD 0.57, range 0 to 1.50 D) at 12 months. Ninety-seven percent of the eyes were within 1 D of residual astigmatism. Ninety-four percent of patients had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Four eyes required IOL repositioning due to rotation. At 12 months, 96.7% of the IOLs were within 10 degrees of the target axis. There was no rotation seen after 6 months.

Conclusion:

Toric IOLs are very effective and consistent in correcting astigmatism during the cataract surgery. IOL rotation happens mostly within a month of surgery, and if significant, requires early repositioning.     

Analysis of glistenings in hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses on visual performance

AIM:To assess patients’ visual performance with glistenings in one piece soft hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Alcon) 2 years postoperatively.METHODS:This cross section trial included 120 eyes with one piece IOL at 2 years postoperatively. Glistening was classified in 4 groups, ranging from 0 (none) to 3 (most evident) according to their severity in IOLs optics observed under a slit lamp. All eyes underwent a uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity evaluation (UCVA and BCVA, LogMAR scale), a complete clinical examination, a contrast sensitivity (CS) evaluation by F.A.C.T chart, and a visual field test by Humphrey Field AnalyzerⅡ(HFA). One-way ANOVA was used for quantitative data, while Pearson χ² test was used for qualitative data to analyze the visual function of 4 glistening groups.RESULTS: Totally 120 eyes were enrolled with 30 eyes in each glistening group. There was no statistical correlation between glistening grades and patients’ age, IOLs power, postoperative UCVA and BCVA (P>0.05). Quantificationally, CS values among each group were not statistically different. However, qualitative analysis showed there were more eyes in grade 3 group than in grade 0 group having abnormally declined CS at high spatial frequency (10% vs 36.7% at 18 cpd, P=0.029; 6.7% vs 26.7% at 12 cpd, P=0.013). Mean deviation (MD) of the visual field test was -2.14±2.31, -1.97±2.23, -3.02±3.17, -4.12±3.38 in group 0 to 3 respectively. There was a significant decrease in the most serious glistenings group (P =0.018).CONCLUSION:Glistenings may potentially have an impact on contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencyand MD in visual field test.     

A new surgical technique using steel suture for trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses

Background:

A new emerging complication of trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) with polypropylene suture is high rates of spontaneous dislocation of the IOL due to disintegration or breakage of suture.

Materials:

We report a new surgical technique of trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (SF PCIOL) with steel suture to eliminate the complication of dislocation of IOL fixed with polypropylene suture in one adult and a child.

Results:

We successfully achieved stable fixation and good centration of IOL after SF PCIOL with steel suture in these patient having inadequate posterior capsular support. Both eyes achieved best corrected visual acuity 20/40 at 18 months follow-up.

Conclusions:

Steel suture is a viable option for trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens.     

Combined 23-gauge microincisonal vitrectomy surgery and phacoemulsification with AcrySof toric intraocular lens implantation: a comparative study

Aim

To compare AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) and non-toric IOL in patients who had combined 23-gauge microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) and phacoemulsification for vitreoretinal diseases and cataract with pre-existing corneal astigmatism.

Methods

This is a prospective comparative study comprised of 30 patients (30 eyes) who had combined 23-gauge MIVS and phacoemulsification for vitreoretinal diseases and cataract with pre-existing regular corneal astigmatism greater than 1 diopters (D). In all, 15 eyes had AcrySof toric IOL (Alcon Laboratories) and 15 eyes had non-toric IOL (Akreos AO MI60; Bausch & Lomb) implantation. Main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive cylinder, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), and IOL misalignment during 6 months.

Results

The mean UCVA of the toric IOL group was better than the non-toric IOL group at postoperative months 1, 3, and 6 (P<0.001, respectively). The mean absolute residual refractive cylinder of the toric IOL group at postoperative week 1, and months 1, 3, and 6 was less than the non-toric IOL group (P=0.008, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). There was no difference in the mean SIA between the two groups (P>0.05, respectively). The mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.52±2.75°, which was within 5° in 66.7% of the toric IOL group and within 10° in 100%.

Conclusions

Combined 23-gauge MIVS and phacoemulsification with AcrySof toric IOL implantation is an effective method of correcting vitreoretinal diseases and cataract and pre-existing corneal astigmatism, and the toric IOL showed good rotational stability, even in vitrectomized eyes for 6 months.     

Quality of vision in patients implanted with aspherical and spherical intraocular lens: Intraindividual comparison

Aims:

To compare the quality of vision in pseudophakic patients implanted with aspherical and spherical intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Materials and Methods:

Randomized prospective longitudinal intrapatient comparison between aspherical and spherical IOLs performed on 22 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery. Best corrected visual acuity, subjective contrast sensitivity, Strehl ratio and spherical aberrations (SA), and higher order wavefront aberrations for a 3.5 mm and a 6.0 mm pupil were measured after 3 months of cataract surgery.

Results:

SA (Z4,0) decreased significantly in eyes with aspherical IOL implant (P =0.004). Modulation transfer function (MTF) and point spread function (PSF) resulted no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.87; P = 0.32).

Conclusion:

Although the SA is significantly lower in eyes implanted with aspherical IOL, the quality of vision determined with MTF and PSF does not significantly differ for subjective and objective parameters that were analyzed.     

Scleral- fixated intraocular lens implantation in microspherophakia

Background:

In microspherophakia, abnormal laxity of the lenticular zonules leads to development of a spherical lens and possible subluxation. We evaluated long-term results of lens removal with scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation in microspherophakia.

Materials and Methods:

Case series. SF IOLs were implanted in four consecutive patients with bilateral microspherophakia (eight eyes [three with pupillary block and secondary glaucoma who underwent immediate surgery and five with only subluxation who underwent elective surgery]). Post-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and lens position were evaluated periodically from day 1 to 18 months.

Results:

All patients were females (mean age 28 ± 7.03 years). In group 1 eyes (three eyes that presented with pupillary block), the mean BCVA improved from 0.008 decimals (preoperative) to 0.50 decimals (final post-operative visit); in group 2 eyes (the other five eyes), the mean BCVA improved from 0.12 ± 0.21 decimals to 0.73 ± 0.14 decimals. The preoperative mean IOP (54.53 ± 7.33 mmHg) in group 1 eyes was significantly (P = 0.03) higher than that (16 ± 4.30 mm Hg) in group 2 eyes. At final post-operative visit, the mean IOP (11.67 ± 2.88 mmHg) in group 1 eyes was not significantly different from that in group 2 eyes (13.0 ± 3.08 mmHg). All SFIOLs were well- centred at the final visit. None of the patients encountered any peroperative or postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

SFIOLs may be an option for surgical management of microspherophakia.     

Clinical Efficacy and Complications of Intraocular Lens Exchange for Opacified Intraocular Lenses

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange.

Methods

A review of medical records was performed for 52 eyes that had undergone an IOL exchange due to IOL opacification. Surgical complications and their incidences were analyzed. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after the IOL exchange was compared with the mean pre-exchange BCVA and with the mean BCVA after the initial IOL implantation. Prediction error of refraction and biometric data obtained for the IOL exchange were, if available, compared with those obtained for the initial IOL implantation. The prediction error for the IOL exchange, calculated from the biometric data obtained before the IOL exchange, was compared with that calculated from the measurements obtained before the initial IOL implantation.

Results

The overall complication rates were low and no serious complications were found. The mean BCVA improved significantly after the IOL exchange and was not significantly different from that obtained after the initial IOL implantation. However, the refractive prediction for the IOL exchange was not as good as it was for the initial IOL implantation, which was thought to be related with difficulties in axial length (AL) measurements. Biometric data taken before the initial IOL implantation was associated with a significantly better refractive prediction than those taken before the IOL exchange.

Conclusions

IOL exchange was both efficacious and safe for visual recovery. However, IOL exchange was related with increased difficulty of predicting postoperative refraction; difficulties in AL measurements are the suggested cause.     

Results of intraocular lens implantation with capsular tension ring in subluxated crystalline or cataractous lenses in children

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcome of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using capsular tension ring (CTR) in subluxated crystalline or cataractous lenses in children.

Setting:

Tertiary care setting

Materials and Methods:

We prospectively studied 18 eyes of 15 children with subluxation of crystalline or cataractous lenses between 90° up to 210° after phacoemulsification, CTR and IOL implantation. Each child was examined for IOL centration, zonular dehiscence and posterior capsular opacification (PCO).

Results:

Age of the patient ranged between five to 15 years. Out of 18 eyes, seven had traumatic and 11 had spontaneous subluxation of crystalline or cataractous lens. Phacoemulsification was successfully performed with CTR implantation in the capsular bag. Intraoperative zonular dialysis occurred in two eyes. Anterior vitrectomy was performed in six eyes to manage vitreous prolapse. IOL implanted was polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in eight eyes, hydrophobic acrylic in seven and hydrophilic acrylic in three. Follow-up ranged from 24 months to 72 months. Sixteen eyes had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Nine eyes developed significant PCO and were managed with Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy. One eye with acrylic IOL in the capsular bag had IOL dislocation after two years which was managed with vitrectomy and secondary trans-scleral fixation of IOL.

Conclusions:

Phacoaspiration with CTR implantation makes capsular bag IOL fixation possible in most of the eyes with subluxated crystalline or cataractous lenses. PCO still remains a challenge in children with successful phacoaspiration with CTR implantation     

Iris-claw intraocular lens implantation: Anterior chamber versus retropupillary implantation

Purpose:

To compare the outcomes of anterior chamber and retropupillary implantation of iris-claw Artisan intraocular lenses (IOL).

Design:

Prospective, randomized, single-blinded study.

Patients and Methods:

Forty eyes of forty aphakic patients were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups. Each group includes twenty patients. Group 1 received anterior chamber Artisan IOL implantation. Group 2 received retropupillary Artisan IOL implantation. Preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and all complications were noted and compared at 6 months follow-up.

Results:

Each two groups obtained a significant improvement in CDVA (P < 0.05). Four patients in Group 1 and five patients in Group 2 had significant but nonpermanent increase at IOP values. There were one and two pupillary irregularity in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. In one patient, a shallow and inferior located retinal detachment were encountered in anterior chamber group.

Conclusions:

The results were not significantly different between the two fixation techniques for iris-claw lens. The surgery procedure is dependent to surgeon experience and eye''s conditions.     

Management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis

Aim:

To report the management of recurrent postoperative fungal endophthalmitis (POFE) after failed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and antifungal therapy.

Settings and Design:

Tertiary Care Referral Centre in North India. Retrospective, single institution, interventional case-series.

Materials and Methods:

Six patients with microbiologically proven recurrent post-operative fungal endophthalmitis refractory to conventional management were included. The final recurrence was managed with intraocular lens (IOL) explantation and re-PPV. Main outcome measures included preserved globe anatomy, visual acuity and retinal status. ‘Anatomical success’ was defined as preserved anatomy of the globe, and absence of signs of inflammation. ‘Functional success’ was defined as an attached retina and a best corrected visual acuity of better than 20/400.

Results:

Of the six cases of POFE, five were culture positive [Aspergillus flavus (1), Aspergillus fumigatus (2), Candida albicans (1) and Candida glabrata (1)] and one was smear positive for yeast. All recurred (mean recurrences, 4) despite a mean of 2.17 PPVs and intravitreal amphotericin B. No recurrences were observed after IOL explantation with re – PPV (median follow-up, 37 months). Pre-study defined criteria for successful ‘anatomical’ and ‘functional’ outcomes were achieved in 83.3% and 50% respectively.

Conclusion:

This report highlights the effective role of combined IOL explantation with PPV in managing recurrent POFE.     

Foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of myopia: two years of follow-up

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety, efficacy and potential risks of Artiflex foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for the management of myopia.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-eight eyes of 40 consecutive patients with a mean spherical refraction of –11.70 ± 3.77 diopters (D; range –5.50 to –17.5 D) were included in this prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Main parameters assessed were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal topography (Orbscan II, BauchandLomb, Rochester, NY, USA), manifest and cycloplegic refractive errors, endothelial cell density (ECD) and applanation tonometry.

Results:

After 2 years, BSCVA was 20/40 or better in 82% of the eyes and UCVA was 20/40 or better in 84% of the eyes. After 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years, 51.3% (37 of 72 eyes), 58.9% (46 of 78 eyes) and 76.0% (38 of 50 eyes) of eyes gained 1 line or more of BSCVA, respectively. Compared to preoperative values, the mean endothelial cell loss was 2.6% at 1 month, 4.9% at 1 year and 7.4% at 2 years. Pigmented or non-pigmented precipitates were observed in17 eyes (21.7%) which were treated with topical corticosteroids. At the second postoperative year, pigmented precipitates persisted in nine eyes. However, this was not associated with a loss of BSCVA.

Conclusion:

The implantation of Artiflex pIOL is an effective surgical option for the management of high myopia. The most common complication observed within 2 years of follow-up was accumulation of pigmented precipitates with no effect on the final BSCVA.     

Laser in-situ keratomileusis for refractive error following radial keratotomy

Aim:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with residual/induced refractive error following radial keratotomy (RK).

Design:

Retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of data of 18 eyes of 10 patients, who had undergone LASIK for refractive error following RK, was performed. All the patients had undergone RK in both eyes at least one year before LASIK. Parameters like uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, glare acuity and corneal parameters were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Statistical Software:

STATA-9.0.

Results:

The mean UCVA before LASIK was 0.16±0.16 which improved to 0.64 ± 0.22 (P < 0.001) after one year following LASIK. Fourteen eyes (out of 18) had UCVA of ≥ 20/30 on Snellen''s acuity chart at one year following LASIK. The mean BCVA before LASIK was 0.75 ± 0.18. This improved to 0.87 ± 0.16 at one year following LASIK. The mean spherical refractive error at the time of LASIK and at one year after the procedure was –5.37 ± 4.83 diopters (D) and –0.22 ± 1.45D, respectively. Only three eyes had a residual spherical refractive error of ≥ 1.0D at one year follow-up. In two eyes, we noted opening up of the RK incisions. No eye developed epithelial in-growth till 1 year after LASIK.

Conclusion:

LASIK is effective in treating refractive error following RK. However, it carries the risk of flap-related complications like opening up of the previously placed RK incisions and splitting of the corneal flap.     

Application of multifocal visual evoked potentials in the assessment of visual dysfunction in macular diseases

Purpose

To evaluate the use of AccuMap multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) in visual dysfunction caused by macular diseases.

Methods

Forty-eight eyes with known macular diseases underwent AccuMap mfVEP and microperimetry 1 (MP1) assessments. Evaluation of mfVEP abnormality was based on an amplitude deviation probability plot and the AccuMap Severity Index (ASI). Correlation analyses of the mean mfVEP amplitude corresponding to a radius of 2°, 5°, and 10° of the central visual field, minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and MP1 mean sensitivity of the corresponding areas were performed.

Results

Among the 48 affected eyes, AccuMap mfVEP detected an abnormality of the central visual field in 45 eyes, with a sensitivity of 93.8%. The mean mfVEP amplitudes within a radius of 2°, 5°, and 10° of the central visual field were found to be positively correlated with BCVA (P<0.01 for all groups). The mean amplitudes also positively correlated with the MP1 mean sensitivity value of the corresponding visual field (P<0.01 for all groups). In the group with stable fixation or predominantly central fixation, the mean mfVEP amplitudes did not correlate with the BCVA or the MP1 mean sensitivity value. Regardless of the fixation status, the ASI was found to correlate with both the BCVA and the total MP1 mean defect value.

Conclusion

Objective perimetry using AccuMap mfVEP might be applied in the assessment of macular function, with the ASI offering a potentially useful indicator for evaluating macular dysfunction.     

Concurrent removal of intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy prevents development of retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of ‘‘concurrent vitrectomy’’ to retrieve dislocated lens fragment during phacoemulsification. METHODS: In a retrospective, observational case series, data of patients who underwent ‘‘concurrent’’ pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for dislocated lens fragments between the period 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, pre-operative visual acuity, intra-operative occurrence of retinal breaks, duration of follow up, post-operative intraocular pressure, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) and occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). RESULTS: A total of 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the study. At 12mo the mean postoperative BCVA was logMAR 0.17 (20/30) with a range of logMAR 0 to 0.69 (20/20 to 20/100), with 96.6% (56/58) of patients showing post-operative improvement in visual acuity (P=0.005). None of the patients developed postoperative retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or non-resolving uveitis at 12mo. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest concurrent PPV for retained lens fragments after cataract surgery is beneficial and may decrease the risk of glaucoma and prevent development of RRD.